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1.
一次伴有雷暴大风的飑线天气过程分析及数值模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用NCEP/NCAR(1°×1°)的逐6 h再分析资料、WRF中尺度预报模式,对2014年7月30—31日发生在江淮地区的一次强飑线天气过程进天气学分析和数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,此次飑线过程是在高空槽后有强冷空气输送、中层阶梯槽引导干冷空气南下并叠加在低层暖湿气流之上的有利背景条件下产生的,低空切变线是此次飑线过程的重要触发机制。在飑线成熟阶段,气流下沉速度极大值区在高(低)层与霰(雨水)混合比极大值区有很好的对应关系,水凝物粒子下落时对周围空气的拖曳作用是下沉气流形成的关键。雨水蒸发率影响飑线维持期间地面冷池的强度和分布,雨水蒸发率越大,地面冷池强度越强、范围越广;雨水蒸发率越小,地面冷池越弱,甚至消失。雨水蒸发率与地面风速也有很好的正相关性,增大雨水蒸发率可使地面风速增大,使模拟的地面最大风速更接近实况。 相似文献
2.
利用常规观测资料、卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料,综合分析了2007年6月14日发生在滇东北的一次飑线过程。结果表明:飑线发生在700 hPa切变线前和冷锋前暖区中,位于高层冷舌和低层暖舌相叠置的地区,高层冷空气侵入和地面中尺度切变线的触发作用是飑线形成和发展的主要动力过程。飑线前沿形成含有5个强单体的带状强回波,成熟阶段的强单体出现了弓形回波特征。飑线前沿出现低层辐合、中层径向辐合和高层辐散的特征,低层β中尺度辐合线随高度增加向飑线后部倾斜。飑线前沿存在前侧低层入流、中高层出流急流以及后侧低层入流急流。飑线上存在深厚的上升气流,两侧为下沉气流,且前方的下沉气流比后方强。低层强垂直风切变有利于飑线的产生和发展。 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、雷达资料、FY2E卫星资料等,对2014年7月30日至31日发生在我国东部的一次强飑线天气过程进行综合分析,并着重分析了干侵入对此次飑线过程的作用。结果表明：中层阶梯槽引导高层干冷空气向下入侵后叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,增强了大气不稳定,不稳定能量累积;低空切变线促使不稳定能量释放,是此次飑线的重要触发机制。对干侵入的分析结果表明：此次飑线过程中,干侵入来源于高空槽后下沉气流,干侵入底部风场调整使得飑线在移动过程中发生了转向。在飑线发展过程中,干侵入范围扩大、强度增强;干侵入使飑线发生区域上空空气变冷、变干,增强了大气不稳定。干侵入底部的低相当位温空气与飑线内部高相当位温空气混合是飑线长时间维持的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
一次华南海岸带台前飑线的结构特征与环境条件的观测研究 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
2007年8月8日,热带风暴“帕布”移动到华南近海,在珠江三角洲至湛江以西地区出现了一次强飑线天气过程。根据多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达和气象探空等观测数据,分析此次台前飑线的生成、演变过程、组织结构以及环境大气条件特征,并对热带风暴“帕布”与台前飑线环境大气的关系进行初步探讨。观测和分析结果显示:(1)此次台前飑线系统是由孤立的对流单体逐渐发展而成,陆风环流的抬升作用有可能对飑线的初始生成起到重要作用;(2)台前飑线移动路径和强度受海岸附近环境条件的影响;在海岸靠近陆地一侧的强度远比内陆和海洋上强,移动路径倾向于沿海岸线平行;(3)台前飑线在发展和成熟阶段,其水平结构具有典型的尾流层云降水特征;其冷池强度和垂直结构具有典型的热带飑线特征;(4)台前飑线发生在具有深厚水汽层、对流凝结高度较低的环境大气条件中,与热带飑线的环境大气条件类似;而对流不稳定能量和低层垂直风切变强度与中纬度飑线接近;(5)热带气旋外围大风一方面使低层风切变加强,同时为环境大气提供了高层的水汽。在下沉环流区内太阳辐射使陆地明显增温,一方面使位势不稳定能量增大,另一方面也使海陆温差增大、海风环流加强,导致低层风切变进一步加强,低层水汽输送增大。下沉逆温抑制了低层弱对流的发生,为强对流的发展积累了对流不稳定能量。 相似文献
5.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,(2)
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、雷达资料、FY-2E卫星资料等,对2014年7月30—31日发生在江淮流域的一次强飑线天气过程进行综合分析,并着重分析了干侵入对此次飑线过程的作用。结果表明:中层阶梯槽引导高层干冷空气向下入侵后叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,增强了大气不稳定,不稳定能量累积;低空切变线促使不稳定能量释放,是此次飑线的重要触发机制。对干侵入的分析结果表明:此次飑线过程中,干侵入来源于高空槽后下沉气流,干侵入底部风场调整使得飑线在移动过程中由东西向转为了南北向。在飑线发展过程中,干侵入范围扩大、强度增强;干侵入使飑线发生区域中高层大气相对湿度降低约50%,增强了大气不稳定。干侵入底部的低相当位温空气与飑线内部高相当位温空气混合是飑线长时间维持的重要原因。 相似文献
6.
2019年4月9日,长三角地区发生了一次罕见的长历时强飑线天气过程。在分析其天气形势背景和发展演变基础上,利用新一代华东区域数值模式对此次过程进行了预报分析,初步分析了其演变过程中的中尺度结构特征。结果表明,此次飑线发生在高空槽前、低层强烈辐合抬升天气背景下,强的垂直风切变、冷空气向南侵入与低层暖湿气流叠加建立了强的对流不稳定层结,是飑线发生发展和长时间维持的重要原因。数值模式成功模拟了飑线前部低层暖湿空气上升和后部中层干冷空气下沉这两支入流,以及飑线过境时边界层高度和大气可降水量迅速下降,地面中尺度冷池向东南方向的传播过程,冷池与对流风暴的移动速度基本一致,导致对流前部低层一直有风场的切变辐合抬升,有助于对流维持并发展。 相似文献
7.
利用地面观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和雷达探测资料,从能量、动力和触发机制等角度,对2009年6月3日发生在河南东部地区的一次飑线过程进行综合分析。结果表明:东北冷涡是此次飑线过程的主要影响系统,涡后冷空气南下与低层暖湿空气叠加造成对流不稳定,高层的干冷空气侵入增强了对流不稳定;低层辐合、高层辐散为飑线强对流天气的发生发展提供了强烈上升运动的动力条件,地面维持并加强的干线所激发的次级环流可能是这次飑线系统发生发展的重要机制之一;中低层的垂直风切变稳定维持、加强、迅速减小与飑线强对流天气发生发展前后对应较好,其演变特征对此次飑线过程有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
8.
灾害性大风发生机理与飑线结构特征的个例分析模拟研究 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
2009年6月3日在我国河南发生了历史罕见的强飑线天气过程, 造成了严重的人员伤亡和灾害。为了解此次飑线天气的特征和产生的机理, 本文采用卫星、雷达及地面加密观测资料, 结合中尺度WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)数值模式, 研究了此次飑线产生的天气背景、宏微观结构特征及造成灾害性大风的机理。结果表明, 此次飑线过程的主要影响系统是东北冷涡, 其后部横槽引导的南下冷空气与西南暖湿气流在河南新乡南部一带交汇促发强对流过程, 最后演变为飑线。但由于低层西南风偏弱, 水汽条件不足, 飑线发生的环境较为干冷。飑线产生区大气处于条件性不稳定状态, 对流有效位能(CAPE, Convective Available Potential Energy)在1300 J/kg左右, 并具有适平的垂直风切变。地面气象场显示飑线具有相对冷湿的雷暴高压和强冷池, 飑线过程产生的灾害性天气以大风而非强降水为主。数值模式结果显示飑线下沉气流的最大值仅为-13 m/s, 而地面风速最大值达到35 m/s, 是最大下沉气流的2.7倍。进一步的数值敏感试验表明, 降水粒子的蒸发和融化冷却过程对降低地面温度和产生地面强风速具有重要影响, 其中雨水蒸发过程产生的最大等效冷却率为-3 K/min, 远大于霰融化冷却率-0.7 K/min, 因此雨水蒸发过程是影响冷池强度的关键因素, 而地面强冷池在此次飑线灾害性大风的产生中具有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
利用地面气象常规观测资料、区域自动站观测资料、雷达及卫星资料和NCEP 1°×1°的逐6h再分析资料,对2018年5月13日攀西地区南部的飑线天气过程的形成机制进行分析。结果表明:飑线发生在高空槽前,高空槽逐渐东移推动冷性气流沿背风坡东移,然后与前方低层暖空气汇合抬升形成对流;露点锋触发了飑线天气过程的形成;产生飑线天气区域的大气具有上干下湿、不稳定能量高、垂直风切变强、高层风速大和形成之前存在逆温层的特点;高空急流和动量下传对飑线的发生和加强具有促进作用;地形对飑线的形成和天气现象的分布有影响。 相似文献
10.
利用常规资料和多普勒天气雷达资料对2011年4月27日凌晨的一次弱降水雷雨大风进行了诊断分析,结果表明,此次过程以前倾槽为特征,高空干冷空气先行,叠加在低层暖湿气流之上,形成对流不稳定;横槽下摆,地面冷锋向南侵袭,在低层形成边界层切变辐合线,触发强对流爆发;中等到强的垂直风切变环境有利于强对流发生发展;0℃层高度适中,且对应一个较厚干层,不利于降水而有利于下沉气流发展;雷达回波上观测到飑线发展成"弓形"回波,且有一条10~15dBz的窄带回波,即可发布地面大风警报;径向速度图上观测到冷锋过境的风场变化特征,地面大风与径向速度大值区相对应,且有低层辐散、中层辐合并有气旋式旋转维持至大风结束。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献