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1.
青藏高原1981～2000年植被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
基于分辨率为0.1°×0.1°的植被、土壤和气象数据,利用大气-植被相互作用模型（AVIM2）模拟研究了青藏高原1981～2000年植被净初级生产力（NPP）对气候变化的响应。结果表明：青藏高原近20年自然植被（森林、草地和灌木）受气温和降水量增加的影响,NPP总量呈现上升趋势。灌木和森林NPP总量分别以每年1.14％和0.88％的速度增加,均达到统计上的显著性水平。草地NPP上升趋势不如灌木和森林显著。降水量变化对森林和草地NPP的影响高于气温变化对它们的影响,而降水量变化对灌木的影响则小于气温变化影响。总的区域平均来看,尽管1981～2000年青藏高原年平均净辐射通量略有降低,但由于平均气温以0.058 ℃·a-1的速率增加,且降水量略有增长,降水量与气温的共同作用使得青藏高原植被NPP总量呈上升趋势。 相似文献
2.
我国气候对植被分布和净初级生产力影响的数值模拟 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
基于0.5°×0.5°经纬网格分辨率的一个全球植被动态模式,利用全国676个雨量站点1961～2000年日资料在0.5°×0.5°网格上插值得到的降水和气温资料作为模式气候强迫,模拟研究了中国区域近40年来的植被动态变化,估算了当前中国区域陆地植被净初级生产力,并分析气候与植被净初级生产力的相关性。结果表明:模拟的植被分布时空格局与实际观测的对应关系良好,模拟与观测的叶面积指数总体上比较一致;植被初级生产力空间分布及总量(约为4.64×1015g.a-1(C))的模拟比较理想。对模拟结果分析显示降水是影响净初级生产力的主要气候因子,而在干旱、半干旱地区温度与植被净初级生产力存在显著负相关关系。研究表明该模式能够比较合理地模拟气候对植被年际动态和生产力变化的影响,对于进一步深入研究气候与植被相互作用是有意义的。 相似文献
3.
《内蒙古气象》2022,(1):7-11
为研究通辽市植被生态质量变化特征,文章利用MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)和气象监测资料,分析了通辽市2000—2019年生长季植被覆盖度、净初级生产力(NPP)以及植被生态质量指数变化特征,并分析了三者与气候因子的相关关系,以期为建设“生态通辽”提供决策依据。结果表明:(1)研究区生长季植被覆盖度平均值从2000年的36.26%上升至2019年的49.57%,平均每年增加0.54%;(2)研究区植被NPP平均值从2000年的198.04 gC·m-2增加到2019年的404.54 gC·m-2,平均每年增加8.63 gC·m-2;(3)研究区植被生态质量指数平均值由2000年40.28增加到2019年的70.87,平均每年增加1.25,2019年植被生态质量达到2000年以来最好;(4)研究区生长季植被覆盖度、植被NPP、植被生态质量指数与生长季平均气温呈不显著的负相关,与降水量呈极显著的正相关,表明降水量是研究区植被生态质量显著正向因子。 相似文献
4.
采用MODIS卫星归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和植被净初级生产力（Net Primary Productivity,NPP）遥感数据,反演汶川地震重灾区2000~2019年植被综合生态质量指数及其恢复率,并结合气候因子探讨该地区植被恢复的时空差异变化。结果表明:（1）2000~2019年,研究区植被综合生态质量在空间上从东北至西南呈对角式减少特征,东北方向植被综合生态质量区域改善,震中龙门山中段至南段和盆周低山地区受到地震、气候变化等多因子的耦合影响,植被综合生态质量呈现恶化趋势。（2）震后恢复阶段（2011~2019年）,研究区植被综合生态质量改善明显,龙门山中段至南段东侧植被综合生态质量已得到恢复,但并未恢复至灾前最佳水平。（3）地震对平原、中山、耕地、林地和湿地的植被综合生态质量损伤较大,对高山的植被综合生态质量有一定的损伤,但无法判定地震对草地、灌木的植被综合生态质量是否有影响。（4）气候因子对植被综合生态质量恢复率的影响存在一定差异,降水比气温更能促进生态质量的恢复。 相似文献
5.
基于构建的能够同时反映植被覆盖和生产能力的植被综合生态质量指数,采用趋势分析、相关分析和残差分析等方法,对贵州喀斯特石漠化区植被生态质量变化及其驱动因素进行研究。结果表明：（1）2000-2021年喀斯特石漠化区植被综合生态质量指数呈上升趋势,增速为0.7a-1,石漠化区内除省的西南部、中部和北部局地显著降低外,占94.59%的区域植被生态质量均呈显著上升;（2）植被综合生态质量指数与降水、气温的偏相关系数均以正相关性为主,其中显著正相关区分别占17.48%、68.79%,与气候因子的复相关系数以正相关分布为主,显著正相关区占到81.79%,石漠化区内气候变化的综合作用有利于植被生态质量的提高;（3）喀斯特石漠化区植被生态质量变化受气候变化和人类活动共同驱动,两者的贡献比例分布为18.84%、81.16%,人类活动起主导作用,近年来全省实施的生态建设工程对喀斯特石漠化区植被改善具有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
6.
利用耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）中5个全球气候模式3种典型浓度路径（RCPs）预估结果,基于植被净初级生产力模型,估算安徽省21世纪近期（2018—2030年)、中期（2031—2050年）和远期（2051—2099年）植被净初级生产力及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：对不同模式在安徽省模拟能力的评估可知,气温以多模式集合模拟效果优于单个模式,MIROC-ESM-CHEM对降水的模拟能力较好。未来安徽省将持续变暖,北部变暖幅度高于南部,其中RCP8.5情景下变暖趋势更显著;全省降水量将增加,南部增加多于北部。随着气候趋于暖湿化,植被净初级生产力总体增加;与基准年相比,21世纪近期增加不明显,中后期显著增加,空间上南部增加总体高于北部。从气候变化响应来看,安徽省植被净初级生产力与降水量和平均气温均显著相关,并且对降水量的响应程度更高。 相似文献
7.
基于NASA提供的MODIS卫星产品MOD13Q1的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据,利用最大值合成法及像元二分模型计算得到2000-2019年若尔盖湿地植被生长季（5-9月）的植被覆盖度。利用ERA5再分析资料月平均的2 m气温、总降水量和土壤体积含水量数据,通过趋势分析、相关分析研究2000-2019年若尔盖湿地植被生长季（5-9月）的植被覆盖与气候因子的时空分布及二者的相关程度;研究气温、降水量和土壤含水量对植被覆盖度的共同影响及各自的贡献程度。结果表明：近20年来若尔盖湿地在生长季（5-9月）的植被覆盖度略有增长;2 m气温有升高趋势,且研究区的西南部气温升高较快;研究区中南部的总降水量呈减少趋势,但不明显,在研究区中北部降水量则呈略微增加趋势;研究区北部的土壤湿度显著增加,南部则有变干的趋势。植被覆盖度与3个气候因子均呈显著的正相关关系,气候因子对植被覆盖度变化的贡献从大到小依次是2 m气温、土壤体积含水量和总降水量。 相似文献
8.
为研究中国西部赤水河流域植被生态质量变化特征,本文基于MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）和气象监测资料,获取了中国西部赤水河流域2000-2016年植被覆盖度、净初级生产力（NPP）以及植被生态质量指数变化数据,并对17年期间植被生态质量时空变化进行分析。结果表明:（1）植被覆盖度均值从2000年的55.4%提高到了2016年的67.4%,覆盖度呈平均每10年增加6.8%的变化趋势;（2）植被NPP均值从2000年的864 gC/m2提高到了2016年的1024 gC/m2,NPP呈平均每10年增加63 gC/m2的变化趋势;（3）近年来植被生态质量显著提高,2016年植被生态质量为2000年以来最好,植被生态质量指数高达83.7。 相似文献
9.
对植被的动态监测可以从一定程度上反映气候变化趋势。该文利用2000—2005年MODIS NDVI数据对锡林郭勒盟典型草原植被变化进行动态监测,在此基础上,以降水量、水汽压、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、日照时数作为气候指标,分析锡林郭勒盟典型草原和荒漠草原MODIS NDVI与同期及前期气候因子的相关性,探讨草原植被变化的气候驱动因子。结果表明:2000—2005年锡林郭勒盟植被改善面积大于退化面积,植被退化面积最大的区域为荒漠草原,占全盟面积的12.84%,植被改善面积最大的区域为典型草原,占全盟面积29.09%。4类草原改善趋势由强到弱的顺序为草甸草原、典型草原、沙地草原、荒漠草原。对于典型草原,其NDVI与最高气温关系最密切,其次为水汽压;对于荒漠草原,其NDVI与最高气温关系最为密切,其次为最低气温。此外,NDVI对气候因子的响应表现出明显的时滞效应。 相似文献
10.
《气象与减灾研究》2019,(3)
通过对江西省18个烟叶种植县2008—2018年烤烟产量和烤烟大田期(3—7月)气象因子的统计,对烤烟产量和4个气候因子的相关性进行分析。结果表明:1)不同月份、不同区域烤烟产量与平均气温、降水量、相对湿度和日照时数的相关性存在明显差异,同一区域不同月份受气候因素影响的程度不同,不同区域同一月份同一气候因素对烤烟产量的影响也存在差异。2)影响江西省烤烟产量的主要气候因素是气温,其次是降水量,然后是日照时数和相对湿度。吉安地区烤烟产量受5月气温、3月相对湿度和日照影响最明显,抚州地区烤烟产量受6月降水和日照、7月相对湿度影响最大,但相关系数相对吉安地区要小,而赣州地区烤烟产量仅与7月气温和4月日照关系较大;吉安地区烤烟产量受气候影响最明显。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献