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中国科学院大气物理研究所中期预报组 《大气科学》1976,(2):39-51
本文对σ坐标的初始方程数值预报模式提出了一个比较简洁、稳定而灵活的计算格式,便于引进地形和加热等物理作用。 文中给出了这一格式的特点,并概述了半球模式的侧边条件的影响情况。从预报个例实验结果看,格式基本上是稳定的,而短期预报的效果也较好。 相似文献
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天气数值预报工作中所用的初始方程显式差分格式,时间步长取得很短,实际应用很不方便。比如,空间步长取300公里,时间步长只能用10分钟。本文提出一种新型显式差分格式,其计算稳定性不受时间步长(τ)和空间步长(d)大小的限制,由|λ_e|τ/d(e=1,2,3)的整数部分m_e=[|λ_e|τ/d],控制执行“浮动”计算,保持计算稳定。这种差分格式曾用104电子计算机作检验计算,空间步长用25公里,时间步长取20分钟,计算过程稳定,结果精度较高,可与文献[1]中的结果相比较。这表明,初始方程的差分计算,适当延长时间步长是有可能的。 相似文献
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由加拿大大气环境局数值预报研究所和魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校共同开发研制的一个新的中小尺度数值模式ＭＣ２于１９９４年初定版后已提供给一些大学和科研单位公众使用。由于采用半拉格朗日半隐式差分格式，ＭＣ２在计算精度，快波处理和预报时效等方面具有其它中小尺度模式不可比拟的优点。 相似文献
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本研究提出并发展了大气记忆动力学,基本观点是考虑大气有记忆能力,在引进记忆函数后将制约大气运动的微分方程变换为一个差分积分方程。这样可以由多个时次的初始场而不仅是一个时次的初始场来求得大气运动的数值解。回溯时间差分格式是基于自忆性原理提出的一种新格式,与传统的格式很不一样,可以包含3个以上不同的时间层次,可以从过去的多时次场中得到更多的信息,以期提高预报准确率。该格式在数值计算中还能自动起过滤作用,可以平滑预报场中的虚假值。回溯格式的基本形式（p阶,p≥2）为: 相似文献
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线性与非线性发展方程计算稳定性的比较分析 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
针对性与非线性发展方程的几种差分格式，以一维线性和非线性平流方程为例，对线性与非线笥发展方程差分格式的计算稳定性进行了比较分析，揭示了差分格式结构和初值形式与计算稳定性的关系。理论分析和数值试验证明，线性与非线性发展方程差分格式的计算稳定性在本质上是完全不同的。 相似文献
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中国科学院大气物理研究所中期预报组 《大气科学》1977,1(3):174-179
本文是将我组提出的初始方程数值预报模式的一个计算格式,在有限区域进行预报的试验。 本文主要叙述了侧边界条件试验的情况,初值温度的计算方案,最后给出一次24小时的预报结果。 相似文献
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运用判定非线性发展方程差分格式计算稳定性的Hirt启发性分析方法,对一类非线性Schrdinger方程差分格式的计算稳定性进行分析,得到了保证差分格式计算稳定的必要条件.数值试验结果进一步表明,得到的稳定性判据不仅是保证差分格式计算稳定的必要条件,而且在实际中也是非常有效的. 相似文献
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Based on the barotropic equations including large-scale topography, friction and heat factor, a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model with large-scale topography, friction and heating is obtained by means of scale analysis and small parameter method. It is shown that this equation is a basic one, which is used to study the influence of the Tibetan Plateau on the large-scale flow in the atmosphere. If the friction and heating effect of large-scale topography are neglected, this model will degenerate to the general barotropic quasi-geostrophic one. 相似文献
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A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF AN EXPLOSIVELY DEEPENING OCEANIC CYCLONE OVER THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The vertical motions and secondary circulation of an explosively deepening oceanic cyclone,which oc-curred over the Northwest Pacific Ocean and was in conjunction with 200 hPa-level jet stream and hascentral pressure falls of 33.9 hPa/24h,have been computed from seven-level nonlinear balance model and Saw-yer-Eliassen-Shapiro equation for the transverse ageostrophic circulation.The vertical motions are partitionedinto contributions from large-scale latent heat release,effect of cumulus heating,thermal advection,differen-tial vorticity advection,etc.,while the secondary circulation stream function is partitioned into contributionsfrom geostrophic deformation,transfer of momentum and heat in the area of cumulus and diabatic heating.The principal results are the following.Large-scale latent heat release is very crucial to the explosive de-velopment of cyclones.If there is enough transfer of moisture,the positive feedback process between ascentof air and large-scale heating would work.The cumulus heating and the transfer of momentum and heatin the area of cumulus play an important role during the explosively deepening stage.Thermal advection isthe initial triggering condition for large-scale heating and the conditional instability for the convection ofcumulus. 相似文献
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利用原始方程模式的Sawyer－Eliassen次级环流方程，对由5个爆发性发展的台风所合成的要素场进行了次级环流的诊断．结果表明，在各强迫项中，地转形变和非绝热加热强迫作用较大．大尺度加热主要加强中低层环沈，对流加热则主要加强中高层环流．台风爆发性发展前后，动力强迫和热力强迫的相对重要性不同．在台风爆发性发展时，非绝热加热强迫的相对重要性明显加大。 相似文献
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1. IntroductionMuch attention has been paid to the role playedby diabatic heating in the genesis and intensificationof tropical cyclone (TC). Based on a two-dimensionalprimitive equation model, Li (1984) proposed that theevolution of TC should be different if the maximumheating appears at different height. Yang et al. (1995)found that abrupt intensification of TC at the mid-latitudes is closely related to the vertical structure ofconvective heating. May and Holland (1998) suggestedthat the… 相似文献
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本文利用平流层平均温压场的资料,用定常情况下的热力方程计算了1958年1月份北半球平流层各层(10—200毫巴)的冷热源分布。发现平流层中层的冷热源分布和流场一样,是以波数为1,2的超长波系统占优势的。文中还讨论了这些大尺度冷热源的地理分布以及它们和气压系统相互配置的关系。 为了计算平流层中与垂直运动相平衡的加热分量,本文提出了一个把涡度方程自大气顶向下逐层积分的计算垂直运动的新方法。结果证明,这种计算方法对于计算平流层的垂直运动是比较适宜的。 相似文献
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Myong-In Lee Ildae Choi Wei-Kuo Tao Siegfried D. Schubert In-Sik Kang 《Climate Dynamics》2010,34(2-3):419-437
The mechanisms of summertime diurnal precipitation in the US Great Plains were examined with the two-dimensional (2D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud-resolving model (CRM). The model was constrained by the observed large-scale background state and surface flux derived from the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Intensive Observing Period (IOP) data at the Southern Great Plains (SGP). The model, when continuously-forced by realistic surface flux and large-scale advection, simulates reasonably well the temporal evolution of the observed rainfall episodes, particularly for the strongly forced precipitation events. However, the model exhibits a deficiency for the weakly forced events driven by diurnal convection. Additional tests were run with the GCE model in order to discriminate between the mechanisms that determine daytime and nighttime convection. In these tests, the model was constrained with the same repeating diurnal variation in the large-scale advection and/or surface flux. The results indicate that it is primarily the surface heat and moisture flux that is responsible for the development of deep convection in the afternoon, whereas the large-scale upward motion and associated moisture advection play an important role in preconditioning nocturnal convection. In the nighttime, high clouds are continuously built up through their interaction and feedback with long-wave radiation, eventually initiating deep convection from the boundary layer. Without these upper-level destabilization processes, the model tends to produce only daytime convection in response to boundary layer heating. This study suggests that the correct simulation of the diurnal variation in precipitation requires that the free-atmospheric destabilization mechanisms resolved in the CRM simulation must be adequately parameterized in current general circulation models (GCMs) many of which are overly sensitive to the parameterized boundary layer heating. 相似文献
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用低分辨率的初始方程二层模式在给定下垫面温度下模拟了一月及七月全球海平面气压场,其中加热项主要是感热垂直输送。计算采用守恒的Lilly空间差分格式及Matsuno的时间差分格式。海平面气压的初值给成常数值,高空的风速及气温的初值给成纬向平均的气侯值。在数值模拟中,下垫面温度用一月及七月的气候实际值。计算的冬半球海平面气压与观测值相当一致,而夏半球的结果稍差些。本模式所求得的全球海平面气压场能与实况相比,结果并不差于高分辨率的复杂模式。 相似文献