共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 102 毫秒
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丰满、白山水库中期降水预报方法黄秀娟，于通江（吉林省气象台，长春１３００６２）１资料说明１．且样本取自丰满、白山气象台搜集整理的流域逐日平均降水资料，１９５１～１９９１年６～９月共５００２个样本。豆．２凡各流域日平均降水量Ｒ＞１ｍｍ为降雨日。豆．３丰... 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程对丹江口水库库区局地气候的影响预测评价工作．是长江水资源保护局主持的南水北调中线工程环境影响评价的一个组成部分，工程完成后，丹江口水库的水库面积由目前的745km^2扩大到1050km^2，科学地评价和预测水库对库周的气温，湿度、风速、降水量和雾日的影响是该工程可行性论证的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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１９９７年度（１９９６年１２月至１９９７年１１月）,广西各地年平均气温１６．６￣２３．３℃,属正常;年降水量１２５９．５￣２８２５．３ｍｍ,正常到偏多２￣５成;年日照时数８５２．８￣２１３９．３ｈ,大部地区比常年偏少２００￣５００ｈ。１９９７年度,广西主要气候事件及其影响以洪涝和寒露风最为突出,其次是大风和冬旱;日照不足,降水偏多,洪涝及寒露风灾害严重,全年气候条件对工农业生产的影响弊多利少,属偏 相似文献
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１９９７年度（１９９６年１２月至１９９７年１１月）,广西各地年平均气温１６．６～２３．３℃,属正常;年降水量１２５９．５～２８２５．３ｍｍ,正常到偏多２～５成;年日照时数８５２．８～２１３９．３ｈ,大部地区比常年偏少２００～５００ｈ。１９９７年度,广西主要气候事件及其影响以洪涝和寒露风最为突出,其次是大风和冬旱;日照不足,降水偏多,洪涝及寒露风灾害严重,全年气候条件对工农业生产的影响弊多利少,属偏差年景。 相似文献
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本文按日（２０ｈ～２０ｈ）降水量≥５０．０ｍｍ的为暴雨日、≥１００．０ｍｍ为大暴雨日、≥１５０．０ｍｍ的为特大暴雨日标准，对黄河中游地区１６４个国家基本气象站１９５９年～１９９０年暴市日进行了统计，分析了各类暴市日数地理分布区域。研究了中游某些地形条件与暴雨日数的关系，在某些地区可以明确的认识到，地形对暴雨的落区有影响，迎风坡多暴雨、背风坡少暴雨、喇叭状地形对暴雨有增强作用。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2017,(6)
气候变化对陆地水文系统有着重大影响。利用1955—2015年我国西北干旱区党河水库入库流量资料,结合下游敦煌站1951—2015年平均气温与降水量逐月数据,采用线性趋势分析、滑动平均、Mann-Kendall法与R/S法等分析方法,分析了党河水库入库径流量及气温和降水量的变化特征,以及其未来可能变化趋势,并探讨了入库径流量对气温和降水量变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1955—2015年党河水库入库径流量年际变化大,丰枯水年出现频率符合正态分布特征,入库径流量呈显著增加趋势,其线性增加率为0.16亿m~3·(10 a)-1,且这种增加趋势在未来变化中持续性极强;(2)1951—2015年,敦煌地区年均气温与年降水量均呈上升趋势,显著升温和降水微弱增加的趋势在未来变化中持续性极强,且二者均发生突变,突变年前者是1997年前后,后者为1970年和1986年前后;(3)年入库径流量对年均温度和年降水量变化的响应分析发现,年均温度变化是导致党河水库入库径流量变化的主要因素,降水是次要因素。 相似文献
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通过对２０城市１９５１～１９７０年各级降水出现的频率分析发现，≤１．０ｍｍ的无效除水次数占总降水次数的一半以上；真正对农林牧业有影响的降水频率不足５０％。为表征各级降水的实际贡献，引出降水级别指数Ｅ。Ｅ是降水量大小及该级降水量出现频次的函数。统计计算发现，概率大的１、２、３级别降水对应Ｅ小值，小概率的６、７级别降水对应Ｅ大值。 相似文献
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１天气概述１９９７年夏季（６—８月）我省的天气气候特点是：高温酷热，８月１９日以前降雨特少，干旱极其严重，８月１９—２０日受９７１１号台风影响，全省降暴雨和大暴雨，干旱解除。全省季平均气温为２７．０°Ｃ，较常年偏高１．８°Ｃ。降水较少，且时空分布极不均匀，６、７月份降水甚少，降水量主要集中在８月中旬。降水分布由东部往西部递减（图１），全省季平均降水量为２７６ｍｍ，比常年同期少１７０．３ｍｍ（偏少３８％）。鲁东南、鲁南、半岛三地区部分县市在４００—５９０ｍｍ，即墨最多，为５９４ｍｍ；西部地区在２０… 相似文献
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1 天气概况1 999年山东冬季最显著的天气气候特征是 :初冬时节阳光灿烂 ,温暖如春 ;中后期冷空气活动次数多 ,势力强 ,齐鲁大地冰雪覆盖 ,北风呼啸 ,降水过程频繁 ,大部地市降水量较常年偏多 ,且降水时段相对集中在 1、2月份。冬季全省平均气温为 -0 5℃ ,较常年偏高0 5℃ ,其中 1 2月、2月偏高 ,1月偏低。全省平均降水量 2 8ｍｍ ,较常年偏多 2 1 %。各地市平均降水量 :日照、青岛两地市分别为 48 1ｍｍ和 42 0ｍｍ ,聊城、德州、滨洲三地市不足2 0ｍｍ ,其它在 2 0～ 40ｍｍ。1 1 1 2月气温和降水本月气温较常年偏高 ,光照偏多 ,降… 相似文献
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Results of statistical analysis of changes in the precipitation regime in the steppe and foothill climatic zones of the Central Northern Caucasus from the data of five weather stations for 1955–2004 on precipitation amount, its diurnal maximum, number of days with precipitation amount of 5 mm or more in different seasons of the year are considered. 相似文献
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Understanding the impacts of climate change and human activities on streamflow: a case study of the Soan River basin,Pakistan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Urmia Lake, as one of the most valuable saline ecosystems in the world, has faced a sharp drop in the water level in recent years. The trend studies of climatic parameters can be effective in identifying the responsible factors and managing this crisis. This research investigated the frequency trend of daily precipitation in the ranges of less than 5 mm, 5–10 mm, 10–15 mm, 15–20 mm, and more than 20 mm in the Urmia Lake basin. The trend was assessed using Mann-Kendall, Spearman Rho and linear regression tests on 60 stations during a period of 30 years (1981 to 2011). The results showed that in all the three tests, the frequency of daily precipitation of less than 5 mm had a significant increase at 1% level. The 5–10 mm range displayed no significant trend, while the 10–15 mm range showed a significantly decreasing trend. The frequency in the 15–20 mm and above 20 mm ranges showed an insignificant falling trend. The analysis also indicated jumps in 1996 and 1999 (almost coinciding with the sharp drop in the lake’s water level). In other words, the frequency trends of daily precipitation with small amounts (as a result, high evapotranspiration loss) were increasing and with large amounts were decreasing. This can be a contributor to reduced run-off and, hence, decreased water entering the lake. The results emphasize the need for changes in the management and consumption of water resources in the basin, in order to adapt to the climatic change. 相似文献
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环青海湖地区气候变化及其对荒漠化的影响 总被引：30，自引：5，他引：30
对环青海湖地区1976年以来的气温、降水、蒸发等气候要素的气候变化趋势及突变现象进行了分析和检验。结果表明：年平均气温及春、夏、秋、冬四季气温均呈上升趋势，其中以秋、冬两季最为明显；年平均降水量及春、夏、冬季降水自90年代后出现减少趋势，秋季降水始终呈减少趋势，且线性变率达－7.28mm/10a；各季及年蒸发量呈增大趋势，其中年、夏季蒸发量的线性变率分别为11.7、9.39mm/a。各季及年气温出现过一次明显的增暖现象；降水虽然出现过一次明显的增加和减少，但增加出现在80年代，而减少则出现在90年代；同样，蒸发也出现过一次明显的增大和减小现象，只是减少出现在80年代，而增大而出现在90年代。这种气候趋势和突变现象的发生，加剧了环青海湖地区荒漠化的蔓延，致使草地退化、河流流量减少、湖泊水位下降，生态环境受到严重影响。 相似文献
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Effects of climatic change and climatic variability on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Thornthwaite moisture index is useful as an indicator of the supply of water in an area relative to the demand under prevailing climatic conditions. This study examines the effects of long-term changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the Delaware River basin. Temperature and precipitation estimates for doubled-CO2 conditions derived from three general circulation models (GCMs) are used to study the response of the moisture index for steady-state doubled-CO2 conditions and for gradual changes from present to doubled-CO2 conditions.Results of the study indicate that temperature and precipitation under doubled-CO2 conditions will cause the Thornthwaite moisture index to decrease, implying significantly drier conditions in the Delaware River basin than currently exist. The amount of decrease depends, however, on the GCM climatic-change scenario used. The results also indicate that future changes in the moisture index will be partly masked by natural year-to-year variability in temperature and precipitation. 相似文献
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利用国家气象中心GRAPES业务模式耦合混合相双参数云微物理方案,对2010年12月15日的两次飞机人工增雨作业过程进行了催化数值模拟分析。分析得出:GRAPES模式基本能给出正确的中低层天气形势场和降水的动力结构,较大降水的落区和范围基本可信,降水强度较实况偏小;按照作业实况进行催化模拟具有一定的可信度,与实况降水在较强降水区域有较好的对应性;两次播撒都取得了增加降雨量的效果,24 h平均增雨量在3~5 mm,最大增雨量达7 mm,两次播撒后增雨作业区的累计降水总量较未播撒时增加约一倍;播撒有效时段在4 h内,播撒后1~2 h雨量增加最大,增雨区域初期与播撒区域一致,随时间延长而在播撒区附近扩散;第一次播撒时,播撒冰晶消耗液态水,转化成固态水,水汽流入速度加快,向液态水转化加快,液态水迅速恢复,未出现减雨现象;第二次播撒时,云中固态水争食水汽增长,液态水得不到补充,云中上升运动减弱,自然降水阶段出现减雨现象。 相似文献
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利用1960～2007年古田水库的雨量资料和入库流量资料,采用非随机化试验方案,根据水库流域面雨量、入库流量和径流系数的变化开展蓄水型人工增雨效果检验。结果表明,在水库流域开展科学的蓄水型人工增雨,使1350km2水库流域面雨量增加18.87%,绝对增加22.4mm,总降水量增加3024万m3,径流系数提高9.31%,入库流量增加29.95%,绝对增加5.17m3/s,总入库流量增加1359.395万m3。改善了水库流域生态环境,提高了地表土壤的湿润度,使径流系数增大,使得入库流量相对增值比水库流域面雨量相对增值大。蓄水型人工增雨的经济效益大于"抗旱型"人工增雨。 相似文献
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Combining the standardized precipitation index and climatic water deficit in characterizing droughts: a case study in Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Cr. Paltineanu I. F. Mihailescu Zoia Prefac Carmen Dragota Felicia Vasenciuc Nicola Claudia 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,97(3-4):219-233
This paper characterizes droughts in Romania using the approach of both the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and climatic water deficit (WD). The values of the main climatic factors (rainfall, temperature, reference evapotranspiration, etc.) were obtained from 192 weather stations in various regions of Romania. Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo-PM) was used to calculate WD as the difference between precipitation (P) and ETo-PM. SPI was calculated from precipitation values. There is a clear difference between drought and aridity. Drought occurrence determines higher WD values for plains and plateaus and lower climatic excess water (EW) values for high mountains in Romania, depending on the aridity of the specific region considered and drought severity. WD calculated as mean values for both normal conditions and, for all locations studied, various types of drought was correlated with mean annual precipitation and temperature, respectively. The combined approach of WD and SPI was mainly carried out for periods of 1 year, but such studies could also be done for shorter periods like months, quarters, or growing season. The most arid regions did not necessarily coincide with areas of the most severe drought, as there were no correlations between WD and SPI and no altitude-based SPI zones around the Carpathian Mountains, as is the case for other climate characteristics, soils and vegetation. Water resource problems arise where both SPI values characterize extremely droughty periods and WD values are greatly below ?200 mm/year. This combined use of SPI and WD characterizes the dryness of a region better than one factor alone and should be used for better management of water in agriculture in Romania and also other countries with similar climate characteristics. 相似文献
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河北省的气候条件造成了该地区水资源量的补给不足,雨水是本区水资源的主要来源之一,雨水的多少往往对应着水资源的丰枯变化。根据1961—2005年河北省长系列降水资料,对全区雨水资源进行了时空分布、年内变化分析和多年变化分析。结果表明:河北省降水量呈逐年减少的趋势,且平原降水减少速率要远远高于山地。通过雨水资源量的分析得出在一定程度上降水的缺乏形成了河北省水资源的补给量不足,加剧了水资源紧张的状况。河北省传统水资源开发利用己达到极限,为了缓解水资源的供求矛盾,提出大力开发利用雨水资源是缓解本区水资源供求矛盾的有效途径。 相似文献