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根据宝清县近56a逐月平均气温和降水量数据,采用多项式分析方法,对不同时间尺度的气温和降水量变化特征进行分析。结果表明：年平均气温总体呈现上升趋势,特别是20世纪90年代以来,气温升高的速度和幅度明显加快。降水量年际和年内变化存在较大的差异,年降水量总体上呈下降趋势。而春季和冬季降水量呈上升趋势,夏、秋两季呈下降趋势。气候变化对宝清县农业生产产生了多方面的影响,一方面由于活动积温增多,热量条件更加充足,无霜期延长,农作物种植中晚熟品种生育期也延长。粮食产量会增加;另一方面农业气象灾害增加,发生干旱几率增多．局地强降水增强,影响程度加重,农业生产成本增加,使农业的不稳定性增强。气温升高,降水减少,对农业气候资源和农业灾害存在不同影响,对农业生产影响利弊共存。 相似文献
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基于河南省19812016年18个农业气象观测站的冬小麦观测资料及气象资料,采用一元线性回归法、偏相关分析法和多元线性回归模拟等,分析河南省冬小麦生长发育和产量对气候变化的响应。结果表明：河南省冬小麦出苗返青期和开花成熟期延长,返青开花期缩短,全生育期缩短。全生育期内最高气温和最低气温呈升高趋势,降水量变化不明显,太阳辐射呈减少趋势,不同生长阶段内各气象要素变化趋势不一致。最高气温与小麦气象产量为负相关关系,最低气温、太阳辐射与小麦气象产量为正相关关系,降水量与不同区域的小麦气象产量相关关系不同。小麦相对气象产量与各气象要素敏感性分析结果表明：不同生长阶段小麦相对气象产量对各气象要素变化的敏感性不同;小麦生长时期内最高气温升高1 ℃,相对气象产量减少约16.00%;最低气温升高1 ℃,相对气象产量增加约17.00%;降水量减少10.00%,相对气象产量增加约0.35%;太阳辐射减少10.00%,相对气象产量减少约1.70%。 相似文献
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青海甘德地区气候变化特征及其对牧草产量的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用甘德地区1994—2016年牧草产量资料和1976—2016年月平均气温、月降水量等气象资料,采用相关分析、气候倾向率等方法分析该地区牧草产量和气候因子变化特征,以及气象因子和牧草产量之间相关关系。分析结果表明:1994—2016年甘德地区牧草产量以每10a按271.5(kg/hm~2)速率呈显著增加趋势;1976—2016年甘德地区年平均降水量和日照时数以11.6mm/10a和-18.9h/10a的速率呈不显著的增加和减少趋势,降水量增加主要体现在春、夏、冬季,秋季呈偏少趋势;日照时数除夏季增加外,其余季节呈减少趋势;年平均气温以0.41℃/10a的速率呈极显著增温,四季气温增加在各个季节均有体现且秋季增温对年气温升温贡献率最大;牧草产量和同期温度、降水(除秋季外)之间呈正相关,但温度变化对牧草产量的影响要大于降水量的影响。 相似文献
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近五十年来广西海岛的气候变化与气象灾害特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象研究与应用》2015,(2)
利用涠洲岛气象站自建站至2010年的气象观测资料,分析总结近五十年来广西海岛的气候特征、气候变化规律与气象灾害特征。分析结果表明,随着全球变暖广西海岛的气候发生了明显变化,气温显著升高,特别是90年代后期以来,升温更加显著,冬季对气候变暖的贡献最大;年降水量呈增多趋势,主要来自夏季降水量增多的贡献,从80年代开始降水量增加趋势明显;广西海岛主要的气象灾害发生的频率和强度出现明显变化,台风影响个数略有减少,大风日数呈减少趋势,暴雨、旱涝灾害有所增加,极端天气气候事件造成的灾害损失呈增大趋势。 相似文献
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公主岭市近50年气候变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用公主岭市气象观测站1961-2010年50年的降水、气温、蒸发量资料,对近50年来公主岭市的气候变化进行分析,结果表明:年平均气温呈波动增加的趋势,各季气温变化与年变化趋势相同,以冬季的增暖最为明显,进入21世纪的头10年是1960年代以来最暖的10年;年降水量呈减少的趋势,其中夏季和秋季降水量与年变化趋势相同,而春季和冬季降水量则略有增加,暴雨日数增加;年蒸发量呈增加的趋势,夏季、秋季、冬季蒸发量均呈增加的趋势,只有春季蒸发量呈减少的趋势;随着夏季和秋季降水的减少,而蒸发量的增加,夏旱和秋旱将越来越明显。 相似文献
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文章利用图里河测站1961-2006年的气温、降水量、大风日数、无霜期、日照时数、相对湿度等地面观测资料,分析了图里河近46年的气候变化趋势。结果显示：46年来,图里河年平均气温呈波动上升趋势,平均上升0．39％／10a,且上升幅度为春季〉冬季〉夏季〉秋季;年降水量变化趋势不明显,80年代最多,2001--2006年平均降水量最少：相对湿度和大风日数呈波动下降趋势;无霜期日数呈增加趋势;日照时数没有明显的升降趋势;年蒸发量总的趋势是微量上升,尤其是1990年以后。 相似文献
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《青海气象》2015,(3)
根据久治县国家气象观测站1963-2011年的气温和降水量等资料,从年、季平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、年降水量变化趋势等对久治县49年来的气候变化作了较全面的分析。分析表明:49年来久治县的年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温都呈上升趋势、2000年后增温尤其明显;各季节气温变化趋势不同,冬季变暖趋势最明显。49年来年降水量呈减少趋势,以-14.89mm/10a的速率减少;降水量季节变化明显,分布不均。冬季和春季降水量呈上升趋势,夏季和秋季降水量呈减少趋势,气候变化倾向率分别为1.33mm/10a、3.48mm/10、-7.04 mm/10a和-12.48mm/10a。日照时数整体上呈增多趋势,气候变化倾向率为9.3h/10a。 相似文献
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化州气候变化特征及其对农业生产的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1959-2008年化州市地面站气象资料,从气温、降水量和日照时数等方面分析了化州市气候变化特征,探讨了气候变化对化州市农业生产的影响.近20年来化州气温上升明显,高温天气明显增加,低温天气明显减少;降水以年际波动为主,线性变化趋势不明显,不同季节的降水量变化有升有降;日照时数年际波动明显,线性拟合呈减少趋势.气候变化导致台风、高温等极端天气事件频繁出现;气候变暖造成农作物生育期缩短、农田地力下降和农作物病虫害灾害频繁;降水变化波动大,导致旱涝交替出,这些都是气候变化对化州农业生产影响的具体体现. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献