共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 21 毫秒
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T. W. Krauss A. A. Sin’kevich R. Burger N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk V. D. Stepanenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(10):643-652
Changes are analyzed of a Cb cloud characteristics due to its merging with feeder clouds, on the data on a long-living Cb cloud in Saudi Arabia on July 4, 2008. Continuous radar and satellite observations of the cloud are carried out during 6 h. The Cb cloud development is also numerically simulated using a nonstationary 1½ model. It is found that the processes of Cb cloud merging with feeder clouds developing in its vicinities affect significantly the Cb cloud development. This impact demonstrates itself in longer duration of the Cb cloud life span, increasing top height, reflectivity, precipitation duration and intensity. Modification of the feeder clouds can accelerate their development, which eventually can affect notably the Cb cloud. 相似文献
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暴雨过程中对流云合并现象的观测与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用静止/极轨气象卫星、新一代多普勒天气雷达、地面观测和NCEP再分析资料, 对2008年7月22日淮河流域一次暴雨过程中的对流云合并现象进行观测分析。综合观测显示, 这是一次在低层显著气压梯度作用下发生的对流云合并现象, 是一次多尺度、多合并方式的典型过程, 不仅有对流单体之间的合并, 还存在着对流云核(强中心)之间的合并。根据合并的进程, 可以划分为三个主要阶段:单体发展、云桥形成以及系统合并。卫星云图显示, 对流云核合并后云团结构更加紧密、边缘更加光滑;在雷达回波上, 合并后回波顶高和垂直积分液态含水量有显著的增加。对流云核合并完成后, 区域内最高云顶开始回落, 垂直积分液态含水量的最大值开始减少, 并在地面产生强降水。另外, 对流单体之间的合并不仅导致地面降水范围有所扩大, 而且还使降水持续了较长的时间。对合并过程可能存在的机制分析表明, 存在着三个方面的动力因素:(1)大尺度环境场中垂直运动存在的水平不均匀性, 是促成对流云团合并的环境因素。(2)对流系统间存在的低压中心及其引起的显著地面气压梯度, 是对流系统间合并的主要原因。(3)一个云核的下沉气流加强了另一个云核的上升气流, 是对流云核合并的动力学原因。 相似文献
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A. A. Sin’kevich B. Boe Yu. P. Mikhailovskii Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremei V. Gopalakrishnan P. Murugavel S. D. Pawar 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(4):209-217
The results are presented of complex investigation of clouds in India which were seeded with a glaciogenic reagent from the aircraft. The seeding effect was assessed by the comparison of radar characteristics of the seeded clouds with the characteristics of clouds within the radar field of view. The maximum reflectivity increase in the seeded clouds in comparison with clouds in the natural cycle, an increase in the precipitation flux and specific mass of precipitated hail are observed. The merging of seeded clouds was observed during the study. It is shown that this process affects cloud characteristics resulting in the significant (by several times) increase in the precipitation flux. The measurements of electric discharges registered by the lightning detection network demonstrated that there were no lightning strikes in the seeded clouds, although the calculations indicated an increase in the electric activity of the clouds. 相似文献
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激光云高仪和云雷达是探测云底的两种设备,但其探测能力和探测结果有一定的差异,对比分析两种设备的测云效果有助于正确认识它们的探测优势,推进我国云雷达在云探测中的应用。本文提出了基于云雷达数据的云底和云顶高度分析方法,利用2014年夏季第三次青藏高原大气科学试验云雷达、激光雷达和激光云高仪数据,统计了三种设备探测青藏高原低云、中云和高云的云底高度偏差、探测率,分析了激光云高仪探测云底偏高的原因,根据探测结果提出了固态发射机体制雷达探测青藏高原低云的优化观测模式,模拟分析了探测效果。结果表明:（1）云雷达对高云的探测能力要明显优于激光云高仪,但其对低云的探测能力有待改进,激光云高仪探测云底下部的边界层内的云雷达回波信号可能是非云降水回波;低层云的遮挡作用明显降低了激光云高仪对多层云的观测能力;与激光云高仪相比,云雷达仍然会漏掉一些高云和中云。（2）激光云高仪探测的中云和高云的云底很多在云雷达回波内部,云雷达和激光云高仪观测的云底的时空对应关系比较差。（3）增大激光发射功率和优化固态发射机体制云雷达观测模式可提高云的观测能力,微波和激光雷达数据融合可全面了解不同类型云的宏观特征。这一工作为云雷达和激光雷达数据的应用,评估激光云高仪和云雷达探测青藏高原云的能力,讨论设计优化的云观测方案,为推进我国云观测技术的发展提供了重要参考依据。 相似文献
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暖底对流云催化的微物理和动力效应的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为加深理解暖云底对流云降水形成的微物理机制,调查对这类对流云实施碘化银催化所能产生的微物理和动力效应,本文使用三维对流云模式(包含6种水成物:云滴、雨滴、冰晶、雪花、霰和冰雹),对2004年7月8日发生在我国江淮地区的一例对流云进行模拟,并开展碘化银催化试验。结果表明:(1)模式能够较好地模拟出实测风暴的回波结构。(2)云雨自动转化和霰粒子融化是两个最重要的成雨机制,产生的雨滴占雨滴总数量(质量)的67%(19%)和18%(57%)。(3)对流发展初期在主上升气流区进行的催化试验表明,对本例对流云播撒碘化银能够同时获得增雨和减雹的正效果。(4)催化增加的霰粒子通过竞争机制抑制了前期冰雹的形成,但增强了向雨滴的转化(通过融化机制);催化也促进了二次对流的发展,增加了入云的水汽通量和云水含量,加强了后期的云雨自动转化及碰并增长,导致后期的雨和冰雹增加,并使地面降水分布发生变化。这些结果表明,对暖底对流云进行碘化银催化能够产生微物理和动力效应。 相似文献
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云并合的初始位置探讨 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
尽管很多云的并合过程最初是从云的中下部开始的(在这方面开展了大量研究), 但我们在观测中发现也有相当数量的云并合过程最初是从云的中上部开始的 (然而这方面的文献记载很少)。基于云并合对云降水过程演变的重要作用, 本文从个例研究入手, 利用中尺度数值模式WRF, 模拟2005年5月17～18日发生在我国西南山区 (主要以贵州省为主) 的一次云并合过程。在整个云 (系) 的发展过程中, 前后共经历了数十次并合。观测和模拟结果表明并合共经历了三个阶段: (1) 对流云单体间并合形成较大的对流云; (2) 对流云并合形成对流云团; (3) 对流云团并合形成范围较大的降水云系。在此次个例中: 第一和第二阶段的并合首先是从云的中下部开始的, 往往是处于发展阶段的云发生并合; 第三阶段的云并合却是从云的中上部开始的, 往往是那些比较成熟的对流云团发生并合。两种并合机制截然不同, 但都与风切变和云内的上升气流速度密切相关。本文系统阐述了两种不同的并合机制。 相似文献
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A. A. Sin’kevich T. W. Krauss A. S. Ghulam A. B. Kurov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(9):587-597
Analyzed is the development of three cumulonimbus clouds seeded with the crystallizing reagent in Saudi Arabia. Continuous satellite and radar observations of the clouds were carried out during the five-hour period. Obtained are the data on the dynamics of cumulonimbus clouds and their anvils. The vertical development of cumulonimbus clouds and the increase in the radar reflectivity and amount of precipitation were observed after the seeding. The significant increase in the precipitation was observed in all three cases. The results obtained in the present analysis are in agreement with theoretical concepts of the seeding effects on dynamic properties of clouds and precipitation characteristics. They demonstrate a big potential of seeding for increasing the precipitation falling from cumulonimbus clouds. 相似文献
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对１９９１年４月１６日影响河北地区中南部的一次西槽天气过程形成的降水性层状云微物理结构进行了分析。结果表明，降水主要发生在层状云的中上层，存在可供催化的过冷层和过冷水，但云体下层的供水云较薄，云底偏高，不利于降水的发展；实施人工增雨作业后，云层微结构出现相应变化（云滴和雨滴含水量增加，滴谱拓宽等）作业区与影响区雨量普遍增加，并与催化时间相吻合，这些可能与人工影响有关。 相似文献
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A Cloud-resolving Study on the Role of Cumulus Merger in MCS with Heavy Precipitation 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The cumulus merging processes in generating the mesoscale convective system （MCS） on 23 August 2001 in the Beijing region are studied by using a cloud-resolving mesoscale model of MM5. The results suggest that the merger processes occurred among isolated convective cells formed in high mountain region during southerly moving process play critical role in forming MCS and severe precipitating weather events such as hailfall, heavy rain, downburst and high-frequency lightning in the region. The formation of the MCS experiences multi-scale merging processes from single-cell scale merging to cloud cluster-scale merging, and high core merging. The merger process can apparently alter cloud dynamical and microphysical properties through enhancing both low- and middle-level forcing. Also, lightning flash rates are enhanced by the production of more intense and deeper convective cells by the merger process, especially by which, the more graupel-like ice particles are formed in clouds. The explosive convective development and the late peak lightning flash rate can be found during merging process. 相似文献
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该项目在河南、山东、吉林3省建立了层状云人工增雨外场观测作业试验区，研制了层状云数值模式，结合分析得出了层状云人工增雨新的概念模型、相应的催化条件判据和作业指标；研制了催化条件的飞机实时识别技术和地面综合集成识别技术；建立了中尺度层状云系数值模拟预报的实时业务和省级的人工增雨综合技术系统（催化条件综合识别判据、实时监测识别技术、催化指标和作业决策系统等），提出了相应的作业流程。
在鄂西北（十堰市）对流云人工增雨作业试验区进行了大量外场观测和作业试验，用研制的三维对流云催化模式进行实时预报和催化数值试验，初步提出了催化的最佳部位、时机和剂量；开发应用了高成核率火箭；用雷达识别作业条件并建立了指挥作业的技术流程，因而大大减少了作业的盲目性，提高了对流云人工增雨作业的科学性。 相似文献
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The spectral structure of turbulence (spectra and cospectra) and water content characteristics for convective clouds in the tropical region was analyzed using aircraft observations in the meteorological testbed over Cuba; the results are presented. The cospectra for vertical turbulent heat fluxes allow classifying convective clouds based on their development stage and revealing the stages of growth, stabilization, and dissipation of clouds. It is shown that the value of cloud air overheating as compared to the ambient space is a parameter defining the cloud development stage. The interrelation is revealed between the integral characteristics of turbulence and water content (the mean values and distribution functions of parameters) for different stages of development of convective clouds. The recommendations are formulated on using the data on the dynamic structure of clouds for weather modification activities. A method is proposed for the instrumental estimation of cloud suitability for seeding that is aimed at precipitation augmentation. 相似文献
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低压倒槽影响下积层混合云形成过程模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用多普勒雷达资料和中尺度天气预报模式wRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模拟结果,对2009年5月9—10日发生在太原及其周边地区的一次积层混合云降水形成过程进行分析。结果表明,在积层混合云的形成初期,局地对流云得到发展,随着其强度不断增强,与周围云发生并合过程（包括局地单体对流的并合、积云团的并合和积层混合云内强中心的并合）,形成范围较大的积层混合云云系。局地单体对流和积云团的并合可带来云体的爆发性增长,霰含量、雨水含量大幅增加。积层混合云内强中心的并合对降水强度影响不大,但有利于降水面积扩大。低压倒槽和弱冷锋是此次积层混合云形成和维持的主要影响因素。低压倒槽有利于低层大范围不稳定能量的积累,风向切变有利于近距离云团的发展和并合,山地动力和热力作用有利于局地对流单体、积层混合云内强中心的形成和加强。 相似文献
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B. P. Koloskov V. P. Korneev V. V. Petrov G. P. Beryulev B. G. Danelyan G. G. Shchukin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(2):117-123
Some results of activities on cloud seeding operations to modify the weather conditions over metropolises are given. The main objective of these activities was to dissipate the clouds and to decrease or to stop the precipitation on the territory under protection during the political, cultural, or sporting events. Up to 12 aircraft specially equipped with the measuring equipment needed to carry out the cloud seeding, with the Land-Aircraft-Land radio data transmission system, and with the cloud seeding means were used to fulfill the works on the weather modification. The liquid nitrogen, “dry ice”, silver iodide, and coarse-dispersion powder were used as the reagents for the cloud seeding. To control the aviation works and the results of the cloud seeding, the ground-based automated meteorological radar systems were used. The results of more than 40 large-scale operations on the improvement of weather conditions carried out since 1995 in different regions of Russia and near abroad indicate the efficiency of the methods and technical means of cloud seeding developed by the specialists of Roshydromet to modify the atmospheric precipitation. 相似文献
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Investigation of Cb motion in the province of Alberta (Canada) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cb motion is analyzed in the paper. Strom observations were carried out in the province of Alberta (Canada) in 2005 with the help of radar. A new approach, based on determination of the vector of cloud track between radar scans, was used to study motion characteristics. Results of observations have shown that storms moved straight with some offset to the right in most cases. The merging of cells can significantly change storm track in some cases. The data obtained do not permit us to make a conclusion about the impact of seeding on cloud motion. 相似文献
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利用FY-2E静止气象卫星的云图资料,对2012—2018年夏季(6—9月)发生在四川盆地眉山市内的35次区域性暴雨过程进行分析,探索研究暴雨过程中对流云合并现象的特征。结果表明:暴雨过程中有88%出现了对流云合并,对流云合并是造成暴雨强对流天气过程的重要影响因素;按照合并云团的数目以及合并次数,可将合并过程分为两个对流云团合并、多个对流云团同时合并和多个对流云团多次合并三大类;同时暴雨过程里的合并现象与合并云团之间的距离、面积比例、最低亮温差及最低亮温平均值有密切的联系。 相似文献
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2008年奥运会开幕式日人工消减雨作业中尺度数值模拟的初步结果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2008年8月8日,在2008年北京奥运会开幕式举行之际,北京及周边地区出现了较强对流云团,给国家体育场内开幕式活动的顺利进行带来了极大威胁。根据云系的发展状况,北京市人工影响天气办公室有针对性地组织实施了大规模地面火箭人工消减雨作业,对抑制云、降水的形成和发展起到了一定作用。在中尺度数值模式MM5的Reisner2方案中引入了AgI粒子与云相互作用的过程,在MM5中实现了催化功能。参照2008年8月8日20:05至20:12进行的消减雨作业情况,利用加入催化方案的中尺度数值模式对该作业进行了数值模拟试验,就不同的播撒量对催化效果的影响进行了研究,并对其中的微物理机制进行了分析。研究结果表明:AgI播撒率对降水量改变影响很明显,当以5g·s-1的速率持续播撒AgI7min,在播撒作业后2h,催化区域内均表现为减雨,2h后为增雨。对于减雨的微物理机制主要是由于大量播撒AgI后导致空中云水大量减少,进一步导致霰减少,霰的减少导致雨水的减少;而2h后的增雨机制则是由于在雨水、云水、霰以及温度之间形成了正反馈,最终导致地面降水的增加。需要指出的是由于单参数方案的局限性,模拟的最大减雨率仅为8%～12%,离消雨的要求尚有差距,应利用双参数云方案作进一步模拟研究。 相似文献