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1.
利用四川省2002—2020年降雨灾情数据和156个国家气象观测站及5727个区域气象观测站逐日、逐小时降雨资料，分析四川省降雨灾情时空分布及其与雨量特征的联系。结果表明：四川省近年来降雨灾情数量增长明显，盆地西部、南部灾情数量最多，密度最大，凉山州和盆地东北部死亡人数最多。灾害主要发生在6—9月，灾情分布有从盆地东北部、南部向西部发展，最后到东北部的趋势。盆地在有大暴雨出现时灾害发生可能性最大，致灾频率50%以上，暴雨致灾频率20%～40%;攀西地区暴雨出现时致灾频率20%～30%;川西高原暴雨天气过程较少，大雨出现时致灾频率最大，为10%～30%。最大小时雨量盆地区在10 mm以下的灾害主要发生在盆南和盆东北，盆西在各个雨量等级范围内占比都较大，攀西地区灾害主要集中在10～40 mm，川西高原为20 mm以下。最大日降雨量小于50 mm的灾害主要分布在盆南，超过300 mm的主要发生在盆西北，50～100 mm以盆南和盆西南为主，攀西地区50～100 mm占比最大，川西高原为25～50 mm。 相似文献
2.
利用四川省154个国家级地面观测站1960~2013年的整编观测资料,采用合成分析、小波分析、线性趋势分析等方法,对雷暴日数和初、终雷暴日的时空分布及气候变化特征进行了定量分析。结果表明,四川地区年雷暴日数呈"西多东少"型分布,且存在准11周年的变化特征。雷暴日数总体呈减少趋势,甘孜州西北部、阿坝州北部和攀西地区西部减少较明显。各市州的雷暴集中出现在6月下旬至8月下旬,但川西高原要略早于盆地南部和盆地中部。盆地和攀西地区的雷暴多出现于午后、消失于凌晨,而川西高原的雷暴多开始于14~20时。另外,初、终雷暴日分别存在延后和提前的趋势,但川西南山地地区和理塘等地的初雷暴日是提前的,而巴中、达州、南充、广安、广元、绵阳大部的终雷暴日存在明显的延后趋势。综合来看,广元、巴中、达州、泸州和凉山州地区的雷暴期有较明显的变长趋势,而其它地区的雷暴期有变短趋势。 相似文献
3.
通过分析四川省滑坡泥石流地质灾害的致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性和承灾体脆弱性,构建了四川省降水诱发型滑坡泥石流风险评估指标体系,并基于灾害系统学原理的风险评估模型,结合层次分析法和信息量法,利用GIS工具完成了四川省降水诱发型滑坡泥石流地质灾害风险区划。结果表明:（1）诱发滑坡泥石流前期15 d平均有效雨量较大的区域主要位于四川盆地北部、西南部、东南部分地区和攀西地区南部,较小的地区主要位于川西高原和盆地中部。（2）四川盆地北部、西南部和攀西地区东部是降水致灾因子危险性等级最高区域,盆周山区、攀西地区以及阿坝州东部地区孕灾环境敏感性等级在较高及以上,中等以上承灾体脆弱性等级基本位于盆地地区,盆周山区、川西高原及攀西地区脆弱性等级大多在中等以下。（3）风险区划显示高危险区主要分布在盆地北部、西南部和攀西地区,与四川省滑坡泥石流活动情况一致。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2017,(5)
采用四川省115个气象站1961—2014年的逐日降水资料,计算各站历年各季的Z干旱指数,根据Z指数的旱涝等级划分标准将其划分为7个等级,参考过去四川省干旱灾害的灾情记录,研究Z指数在四川的适用性,并用多种统计方法研究四川干旱的时间变化和空间分布特征。结果表明:Z指数在四川各季干旱监测中表现均较好,在四川有较好的适用性。四川干旱可划分为6个空间型,其中四川盆地西部区、东部区、南部区、中部区干旱程度加强,而川西高原区和川西南山地区干旱程度减弱;四川盆地东部区出现干旱的频率最高,而盆地西部区和南部区出现干旱的频率最低。四川盆地西部区、东部区和川西高原区较严重的干旱主要发生在夏季,而盆地南部区、中部区和川西南山地区较严重的干旱主要发生在冬季。各分区干旱变化周期不同,盆地西部区具有3~4 a的振荡周期;盆地东部区振荡周期为6~7 a;盆地南部区具有3~4 a和14~16 a的振荡周期;川西高原区具有4~5 a和8 a左右的振荡周期;盆地中部区振荡周期为7~8 a;川西南山地区振荡周期为2~3 a。 相似文献
5.
21世纪以来四川强对流天气特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对近年来各种强对流天气频发的特点,本文利用气象整编资料、加密自动站资料和灾情直报信息等资料,统计分析了21世纪以来四川的大风、冰雹和强降水等强对流天气的逐月分布和区域分布特征,分析表明:(1)四川强降水年平均分布特征是盆地多于高原,夜间多于白天,夜间主要存在以雅安为中心的四川盆地西南部、以平昌为中心的四川盆地东北部、以北川为中心的盆地西部、以会理为中心的川西高原南部和以雅江为中心的川西高原中部5个高频中心,白天强降水只存在以万源为中心的四川盆地东北部1个高频区。强降水天气主要发生5~9月;(2)四川大风的区域分布呈现出川西高原多四川盆地少的特征,川西高原地区存在着以甘孜为中心的川西高原北部大风高频区和以德昌为中心的川西高原南部大风高频区,四川盆地内存在着以盐亭和广元为中心的四川盆地北部和以井研为中心的盆地南部大风高频区。盆地大风主要出现在4~8月,川西高原大风主要出现在1~6月;(3)四川冰雹的区域分布同样呈现出川西高原多于四川盆地的特征,在川西高原地区存在着以石渠为中心的川西高原北部和以昭觉为中心的川西高原南部冰雹高频区。在四川盆地内存在着以南江为中心的四川盆地北部和以古蔺为中心的盆地东南部冰雹高频区。盆地冰雹主要发生在4~8月,川西高原冰雹主要出现在4~9月。 相似文献
6.
利用2012~2020年四川省156个国家气象观测站小时降水资料,以四川盆地、川西高原和攀西地区为考察重点,统计分析了全省极端小时降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:（1）四川省各站极端小时降水阈值、发生频次、平均强度及贡献率差异明显,高值区主要集中在盆地和攀西南部;盆地多站极端小时降水阈值在50 mm/h以上,小时降水极大值超过80 mm/h。（2）四川省极端小时降水事件主要集中在7月和8月,其中50 mm以上的小时强降水事件占比超过1/3;盆地、川西高原和攀西地区极端小时降水发生频次分别在7月、6月和8月达到最高,而小时强降水事件分别在8月、7月和6月出现最多。（3）四川省极端小时降水频次日变化峰值出现在02时,具有单峰和夜发特征,其中盆地、川西高原和攀西地区主峰值分别出现在05时、21时和02时;四川省50 mm以上小时强降水事件夜发占比达63.5%,各区域出现高峰时段差异大。 相似文献
7.
利用四川省156个国家气象站1980~2020年逐日观测资料、2018~2020年逐时观测资料和3DCloudA总云量格点数据,计算逐日和逐时通用热气候指数（Universal Thermal Climate Index,UTCI）,以UTCI介于9~26℃为室外热环境舒适状态的判定标准,在统计分析各站点年均UTCI值、年均舒适日数、月均舒适日数及日均舒适小时数的基础上,研究了四川地区舒适度区划。结果表明:盆地大部分地区为夜间舒适和春秋舒适;阿坝州南部、甘孜州西部和凉山州北部为日间舒适和夏季舒适;攀西地区南部总体呈现全天和冬季舒适的特征;甘孜州北部、中部和阿坝州北部均表现为人体不舒适的特征。 相似文献
8.
刘晓云王劲松李耀辉杨金虎岳平田庆明杨庆华 《气象学报》2015,(6):1080-1091
为了准确认识和分析与旱灾致灾因子危险性相关的干旱特征变量,利用中国南方96个气象站1961—2012年逐月降水资料,基于Clayton、Frank、Galambos、Gumbel以及Plackett Copula函数,建立了服从威布尔分布的干旱历时、服从对数正态分布的干旱严重程度两个相关特征变量的联合分布模型,择优使用Frank Copula函数计算了中国南方干旱条件概率与条件重现期,比较分析了该区域干旱事件第1、第2联合重现期的空间分布特征。研究表明,干旱严重程度(干旱历时)的条件概率分布随着干旱历时(干旱严重程度)阈值的增大而减小;干旱严重程度(干旱历时)的条件重现期与干旱历时(干旱严重程度)阈值成正比。当干旱历时阈值为6个月、干旱严重程度阈值为6时,中国南方整体存在较大的干旱风险,研究区整体第1"且"(干旱历时和干旱严重程度均超过给定阈值)联合重现期平均为4.8 a,第1"或"(干旱历时和干旱严重程度有一个超过给定阈值)联合重现期平均为2.6 a,第2"或"联合重现期平均为3.5 a。当干旱历时阈值为9个月、干旱严重程度阈值为13.5时,研究区整体第1"且"联合重现期平均为12.6 a,第1"或"联合重现期平均为4.7 a,第2"或"联合重现期平均为7.7 a。中国南方的干旱高风险的区域主要位于四川盆地、贵州东北部、广西北部、广东西部以及云南大部分地区;低风险的区域主要位于四川西北部,四川、云南、贵州三省交汇区以及广东中部地区。 相似文献
9.
利用2016—2019年ECWMF模式降水预报及对应时段的观测资料,设计了最优百分位(OP)、最优TS评分(OTS)、概率匹配(PM)、分区OTS和分区PM-OTS融合共5种方案,对数值模式晴雨预报展开了订正试验.结果表明:(1)OP和PM方案的晴雨订正阈值为静态阈值,OTS方案为动态阈值.5种方案的阈值均适用于A区(盆地、阿坝州和甘孜州北部),其中PM、分区PM-OTS融合方案阈值更适用于数值模式湿偏差明显的B区(甘孜州南部和攀西地区).(2)各方案对ECWMF模式晴雨预报均有明显的订正能力,24 h时效订正效果最优,B区订正效果优于A区,秋冬季节优于春夏季节.(3)分区后的订正方案晴雨评分优于分区前,其中分区PM-OTS融合方案评分最优.个例和批量试验表明,A区各方案订正效果相当,B区以PM、分区OTS和分区PM-OTS融合3种方案订正后的雨区分布与实况更接近,其中分区PM-OTS融合方案订正效果最优. 相似文献
10.
利用四川省156个国家气象观测站1961—2021年逐日降水资料,运用暴雨过程综合识别方法及评价指标,探讨四川省区域性暴雨过程时空变化特征。研究表明：1961—2021年四川省共出现875次区域性暴雨过程,过程次数逐年变化整体呈弱增长趋势,综合强度在20世纪90年代到21世纪初持续偏弱,21世纪以后呈现较明显增强趋势。四川区域性暴雨过程主要发生在6月下旬到9月上旬,大多持续1～2 d,区域性暴雨日数大值中心主要分布在盆地西部和东北部,阿坝州中部和东部、甘孜州东南部及攀西地区东北部,6—8月区域性暴雨日数大值中心从盆地东部逐渐向西部变化,9月则在盆地北部;盆地各月平均过程雨量以西部和东北部最强,攀西地区6、9月区域性暴雨日数偏少,但中部和东北部过程雨量强度未明显减弱。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献