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1.
2004年8月23日17时48分～19时48分，岑溪市出现了一次特大暴雨降水过程，这次强降水的特点是降水的时间短、强度强。通过对影响这次强降水的天气系统、卫星云图和雷达回波进行分析，找出产生大暴雨过程的一些特征。 相似文献
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2004年8月23日17时48分~19时48分,岑溪市出现了一次特大暴雨降水过程,这次强降水的特点是降水的时间短、强度强。通过对影响这次强降水的天气系统、卫星云图和雷达回波进行分析,找出产生大暴雨过程的一些特征。对这次强降水过程分析的结论是:(1)中小尺度系统是局部性大暴雨产生的直接原因。卫星云图和雷达探测资料结合分析是监测临近局部性大暴雨产生的有效手段。(2)副热带高压南侧的东风小波动与地面中小尺度辐合区的配合是导致这场大暴雨产生的主要原因。(3)中小尺度的强对流天气,由于其生命史较短,给预报工作造成很大的难度。建立必要的预警机制,对中小尺度的强对流天气做到及时发现、及时监测,以取得更好的预警效果。同时,随着季节的变换,各个时期的中小尺度的强对流都有其鲜明的特点,可根据各自的特点,进行不同类型的深入研究。 相似文献
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1992年7月3—6日,桂林地区普降大暴雨,受灾严重。通过对这次降水过程的雷达跟踪观测,发现降水回波的生成发展、减弱消亡与天气系统关系密切;回波单体的弥合,是这次强降水发生和维持的主要机制。 相似文献
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1992年7月3—6日,桂林地区普降大暴雨,受灾严重。通过对这次降水过程的雷达跟踪观测,发现降水回波的生成发展、减弱消亡与天气系统关系密切;回波单体的弥合,是这次强降水发生和维持的主要机制。 相似文献
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利用714C天气雷达回波和数值模拟资料，结合其它天气资料，分析了2003年6月2日发生在十堰境内的强对流天气过程。结果表明，此次强对流天气过程是在有利的大尺度天气形势背景下，由复杂地形触发出初始单体并发展为多单体强风暴产生冰雹和大风天气，雷达回波特征明显。风暴回波强度强，回波结构紧密，顶部有旁瓣假回波，低层存在弱回波区（WER），环境风的垂直切变较强。中β低涡的产生为强对流天气的产生和维持发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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2012年青海东部两次强降水天气过程对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《青海气象》2013,(1)
利用常规资料,从降水实况、天气形势、物理量特征、雷达回波演变等方面,对2012年5月20日和7月29日两次短时强降水过程进行对比分析。结果表明,这两场短时强降水过程具有完全不同的天气背景,因而反映大气热力、动力特征的各种物理量表现不同,其雷达回波特征及演变过程也有所不同,说明两次强降水过程有不同的形成机制和演变过程。 相似文献
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2007年4月17日广西发生了一次强飑线天气过程。利用常规气象资料、多普勒雷达资料从天气形势和雷达回波演变特征等分析了这次强飑线过程的成因,并高分辨率中尺度数值模式WRF对该过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,这次强飑线过程发生在欧亚中高纬地区两槽一脊的经向环流形势下,西风槽、地面冷锋是天气尺度的主要影响系统。雷达回波显示,这次强飑线过程的雷达回波有典型的三体散射和弓形回波特征。此外,WRF模式能成功地模拟出本次飑线过程的中β尺度结构特征,表明该模式对强对流天气系统有一定的模拟能力。 相似文献
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2007年4月17日广西发生了一次强飑线天气过程。利用常规气象资料、多普勒雷达资料从天气形势和雷达回波演变特征等分析了这次强飑线过程的成因,并高分辨率中尺度数值模式WRF对该过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,这次强飑线过程发生在欧亚中高纬地区两槽一脊的经向环流形势下,西风槽、地面冷锋是天气尺度的主要影响系统。雷达回波显示,这次强飑线过程的雷达回波有典型的三体散射和弓形回波特征。此外,WRF模式能成功地模拟出本次飑线过程的中β尺度结构特征,表明该模式对强对流天气系统有一定的模拟能力。 相似文献
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大气中硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铵和钙的浓度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1985年10月,在中国的三个不同地点用太氟龙和尼龙滤膜采样系统观测了硝酸根、硫酸根、铵和钙的浓度。平均而言,硫酸根的摩尔浓度与硝酸根的摩尔浓度之比不到2。考虑到中国燃煤大量排放SO_2这一事实,这一低比值有点出乎预料。在北京钙是最重要的阳离子,而在华北山区的兴隆天文观测站和南方城市长沙气溶胶中铵离子多于钙离子。在北风条件下,兴隆的硫酸根和硝酸根浓度与文献中报道的欧洲和北美的本底值接近。因此,兴隆天文观测站是研究亚洲大陆本底空气的理想地点。 相似文献
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Wind-Driven, Double-Gyre, Ocean Circulation in a Reduced-Gravity, 2.5-Layer, Lattice Boltzmann Model
A coupled lattice Boltzmann （LB） model with second-order accuracy is applied to the reduced-gravity, shallow water, 2.5-layer model for wind-driven double-gyre ocean circulation. By introducing the secondorder integral approximation for the collision operator, the model becomes fully explicit. The Coriolis force and other external forces are included in the model with second-order accuracy, which is consistent with the discretization accuracy of the LB equation. The feature of the multiple equilibria solutions is found in the numerical experiments under different Reynolds numbers based on this LB scheme. With the Reynolds number increasing from 3000 to 4000, the solution of this model is destabilized from the anti-symmetric double-gyre solution to the subtropic gyre solution and then to the subpolar gyre solution. The transitions between these equilibria states are also found in some parameter ranges. The time-dependent variability of the circulation based on this LB simulation is also discussed for varying viscosity regimes. The flow of this model exhibits oscillations with different timescales varying from subannual to interannual. The corresponding statistical oscillation modes are obtained by spectral analysis. By analyzing the spatiotemporal structures of these modes, it is found that the subannual oscillation with a 9-month period originates from the barotropic Rossby basin mode, and the interarmual oscillations with periods ranging from 1.5 years to 4.6 years originate from the recirculation gyre modes, which include the barotropic and the baroclinic recirculation gyre modes. 相似文献
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A great debate exists concerning theinfluence of land-use and climatic changes onhydrology in the Himalayan region and its adjacentplains. As a representative basin of the Himalayas, westudied basinwide land-use, climatic and hydrologictrends over the Kosi Basin (54,000 km2) in themountainous area of the central Himalayan region. Theassessment of anthropogenic inputs showed that thepopulation of the basin grew at a compound rate ofabout one percent per annum during the past fourdecades. The comparison of land-use data between thesurveys made during the 1960s and 1978–1979 did notreveal noticeable trends in land-use change. Theanalysis of meteorological and hydrological timeseries from 1947 to 1993 showed some increasingtendency of temperature and precipitation. Thestatistical tests of hydrologic trends indicated anoverall decrease in discharge on the Kosi River andits major tributaries. The decreasing trends ofstreamflow were more significant during the low-flowmonths. The statistical analysis of homogeneityshowed that the climatic as well as the hydrologictrends were more localized in nature lacking adistinct basinwide significance. 相似文献
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Jeremy S. Littell Elaine E. Oneil Donald McKenzie Jeffrey A. Hicke James A. Lutz Robert A. Norheim Marketa M. Elsner 《Climatic change》2010,102(1-2):129-158
Climatic change is likely to affect Pacific Northwest (PNW) forests in several important ways. In this paper, we address the role of climate in four forest ecosystem processes and project the effects of future climatic change on these processes across Washington State. First, we relate Douglas-fir growth to climatic limitation and suggest that where Douglas-fir is currently water-limited, growth is likely to decline due to increased summer water deficit. Second, we use existing analyses of climatic controls on tree species biogeography to demonstrate that by the mid twenty-first century, climate will be less suitable for key species in some areas of Washington. Third, we examine the relationships between climate and the area burned by fire and project climatically driven regional and sub-regional increases in area burned. Fourth, we suggest that climatic change influences mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks by increasing host-tree vulnerability and by shifting the region of climate suitability upward in elevation. The increased rates of disturbance by fire and mountain pine beetle are likely to be more significant agents of changes in forests in the twenty-first century than species turnover or declines in productivity, suggesting that understanding future disturbance regimes is critical for successful adaptation to climate change. 相似文献
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Climate change,migration and adaptation in Funafuti,Tuvalu 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper shows the extent to which people in Funafuti – the main island of Tuvalu – are intending to migrate in response to climate change. It presents evidence collected from Funafuti to challenge the widely held assumption that climate change is, will, or should result in large-scale migration from Tuvalu. It shows that for most people climate change is not a reason for concern, let alone a reason to migrate, and that would-be migrants do not cite climate change as a reason to leave. People in Funafuti wish to remain living in Funafuti for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity. Concerns about the impacts of climate change are not currently a significant driver of migration from Funafuti, and do not appear to be a significant influence on those who intend to migrate in the future. 相似文献
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Abatement cost and benefit projections through 2100are computed, assembled and interpreted with respectto various levels of emission reduction. Mathematicalexpressions describing regional costs and benefits asa function of abatement strategy are developed. Usingthese data and expressions, optimal abatementstrategies are defined for noncooperative andcooperative (Pareto optimal) policies. Thecooperative solution calls for an average emissionsreduction of 16.6 percent over the 1990–2100 period,as compared to 5.8 percent in the noncooperative case. Achieving the cooperative solution would require sidepayments to China and potentially to the U.S., as wellas stringent (though beneficial) restrictions onnon-OECD countries. It is argued that Paretooptimality is technically achievable but possiblyinfeasible in the real world. 相似文献
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Freezing of rainwater on a surface is often caused by nocturnal clearing after precipitation, which goes along with radiative cooling. Forecasting cloudiness, and especially the risk of clearing, on a scale of 1 to 3 h is of interest in the domains of road weather, agriculture, or water management.Cloud amount and the difference between air and surface temperature are important parameters of the radiation balance. In this contribution, we show the relationship between them, proved at several stations all over Switzerland. We found a correlation coefficient of 0.88 and improved it considering other meteorological parameters like wind speed. We conclude that temperature difference is a signature for nocturnal cloudiness.We investigated nocturnal cloudiness for a case from winter 2001/02 in northern Switzerland. An ultra-dense combination of two networks with 70 stations in total is operated, measuring air and surface temperature, wind and other parameters. With the aid of our equations, these measurements where converted into cloud maps, including also precipitation seen by radar. We identified a frontal precipitation area, postfrontal clearing, freezing, and the first clouds of a following frontal passage.All these findings will contribute to a better observation and predictability of surface state and other risks connected with radiative cooling. 相似文献
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从云雾降水物理学的角度学习和分析了一些中国古诗词。内容有:1）分析和统计了唐诗300首和毛泽东诗词中用到云雾雨雪等字的百分比,其分别占总首数的45%和66%;2）列举和分析了描述自然过程、大气过程有云雨雪等字的诗(词)句;3）从现代科学观出发,分析了在一些古诗词中有关云、雨、霜、露等的理解,并作了一些评述;4）对古诗词中直接描述云、雾、雨、雪的内容进行了评论。
相似文献
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从气候变化的新视角理解灾害风险、暴露度、脆弱性和恢复力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
不断变化的气候可导致前所未有的极端天气和气候事件。这些事件能否构成灾害,在很大程度上取决于脆弱性和暴露度水平。虽然无法完全消除各种灾害风险,但灾害风险管理和气候变化适应的重点是减少脆弱性和暴露度,并提高对各种潜在极端事件不利影响的恢复力,从而促进社会和经济的可持续发展。全面的灾害风险管理要求更加合理地分配对减灾、灾害管理等方面所付出的努力。过去的主流是强调灾害管理,但目前减灾成为关注焦点和挑战。这种主动积极的灾害风险管理与适应有助于避免未来的风险和灾害,而不仅仅是减少已有的风险和灾害,同时这也是灾害风险管理和气候变化适应更加紧密联系的一个背景。灾害风险管理促进气候变化适应从应对当前的影响中汲取经验,而气候变化适应帮助灾害风险管理更加有效地应对未来变化的条件。 相似文献
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Aridity in Vojvodina, Serbia 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Ivana Hrnjak Tin Lukić Milivoj B. Gavrilov Slobodan B. Marković Miroslava Unkašević Ivana Tošić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(1-2):323-332
For investigating aridity in Vojvodina, two parameters were used: the De Martonne aridity index and the Pinna combinative index. These indices were chosen as the most suitable for the analysis of climate in Vojvodina (a region in northern part of Serbia). Also, these indices were calculated from data obtained from 10 meteorological stations for the period from 1949 to 2006. The spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal De Martonne and the Pinna combinative indices as well as the mean monthly values of the De Martonne index and aridity trends of these indices are presented. There were two, four, and five types of climate on a yearly, seasonal, and monthly basis in Vojvodina, according to the De Martonne climate classification which consists of a total of seven types. In addition, semi-humid and humid climate types were represented in the region, on a yearly basis. The winter season was dominated by wetter types of climate, while the summer season was characterized by drier ones. During the spring and autumn seasons, there were types of climate which range between both aforementioned types. Two out of three climate types, which can be identified using the Pinna combinative index, were registered in Vojvodina region. The most dominant climate type was the semidry Mediterranean with formal Mediterranean vegetation, while the humid type was only identified in one small part of southwestern Vojvodina. The calculated values of both aridity indices showed that there were no annual trends. Therefore, it can be considered that there were no recent aridity changes during the observed period. For paleoclimate, the general story is more complex. The lack of aridity trends in the recent period from 1949 to 2006 supports the fact that Vojvodina has very well preserved loess–palaeosol sequences from the Middle and Late Pleistocene, which indicates that crucial point for their preservation was caused by the weak aridity variability in the region. 相似文献