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1.
利用2007年6月1日—8月31日云南省闪电定位系统监测的云-地闪电资料与NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中的相对湿度物理量,分析了云南省闪电活动时相对湿度的结构特征。结果表明:云南省闪电活动除具有夏季是高发期且日分布具有呈一峰一谷变化特征,在时间演变上还具有不均匀和阶段性的特点,这与特定的大气相对湿度环境条件密切相关;云南省闪电活动一般发生在相对湿度垂直结构具有低层湿度不高、中层高湿、高层又逐渐变干的环境大气中,大约在中层700 hPa以下相对湿度随高度增加,逐渐在中层形成高湿层,中层以上相对湿度又随高度减小,低层湿度不高、中层高湿、高层偏干的环境相对湿度条件非常有利于雷暴天气的发生和闪电的形成,一方面中层以下水汽随高度增加有利于水汽的上升运动和云的凝结形成,另一方面中高层水汽随高度迅速减小有利于形成上干下湿的大气对流不稳定,促使对流云进一步发展,从而产生闪电活动;低层相对湿度在40%～75%之间,中层600～700 hPa之间相对湿度较高,可达80%以上,一般为90%～95%,中层湿层越深厚,闪电过程越强烈,在高层250～400 hPa左右相对湿度减小到35%～60%之间。 相似文献
2.
利用常规气象观测资料,对2005—2014年湖南省湘西州2—3月高架雷暴类冰雹的时空分布特征、天气系统配置及环境场要素特征等进行统计分析,探讨高架雷暴类冰雹发生发展的物理机制。结果表明,湘西早春时期的高架雷暴类冰雹南部地区多于中北部地区,具有一定的日变化。影响高架雷暴类冰雹的主要天气系统为高空槽、700hPa急流以及冷空气等。潜势预报指标包括:850hPa相对湿度大于等于92%,700hPa相对湿度大于等于60%,500hPa相对湿度小于等于48.5%;850hPa存在强的温度锋区,温差大于等于13℃/5个纬度;700hPa与500hPa的温差大于等于15℃;700hPa有风速大于等于16m·s~(-1)的西南急流,且850hPa与700hPa的垂直风切变大于等于19m·s~(-1);0℃层高度为3~4km,-20℃层高度为6~7km。 相似文献
3.
应用NCAR/NCEP再分析资料和垂直剖面图方法,对2003-08-28-29出现在陕西关中的区域性暴雨天气过程的物理量空间分布诊断分析,揭示暴雨过程的垂直结构特征.结果表明,低层东北气流为暴雨形成提供了动力抬升和聚集水汽的作用,暴雨过程中低空西南急流不明显,水汽的垂直输送强烈.上升运动发展旺盛,达到100 hPa,最大上升气流出现在700～500 hPa之间.低层辐合中心位于850 hPa,高层辐散中心位于400 hPa.低层正涡度中心位于850～700 hPa之间,高层负涡度中心位于150 hPa.涡度、散度和垂直速度场的大(小)值区的几何形状与暴雨区分布基本一致. 相似文献
4.
安徽闪电分布特征和不稳定条件分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用安徽2008—2011年LD-Ⅱ型闪电定位系统资料,以统计方法分析安徽闪电分布特征,发现安徽闪电的发生较为集中在7—8月,闪电极性以负闪为主(约占总闪的93%以上),同时存在南北差异。南部的闪电数和平均电流强度比北部大,但北部正闪比例略高于南部。进一步结合2008—2011年阜阳、安庆两站探空资料,选取了抬升指数、对流有效位能、700~400 hPa平均相对湿度、700 hPa假相当位温、850~500 hPa温差、沙氏指数与K指数7个大气不稳定参数,以两站为中心的0.5个纬距范围内,分析了探空放球时间后6 h内,大气不稳定参数与闪电活动的关系,确定了闪电活动的不稳定参数阀值,为闪电活动预报奠定基础。 相似文献
5.
江苏近10 a高架雷暴特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对2007—2016年发生在江苏地区的冬半年雷暴进行特征分析,筛选出12次典型的高架雷暴天气过程,揭示江苏发生高架雷暴的时空分布特征和典型的环流形势,发现逆温层顶之上的不稳定浅层和上下层强垂直风切变分别为高架雷暴的发生提供弱热力不稳定和强动力不稳定条件。强垂直风切变、850 hPa附近强烈的锋生导致的锋面次级环流,高空槽前正涡度平流随高度增加以及高层辐散、低层辐合造成的抽吸作用,为高架雷暴的发生和维持提供逆温层之上的动力抬升条件。高架雷暴发生时高仰角反射率因子呈现出类似零度层亮带的环形特征,对流单体不断生成在圆环附近。初步归纳了江苏高架雷暴的预报着眼点:500 hPa先后高空槽东移,700 hPa有16 m·s~(-1)以上的西南急流,850 hPa切变线东伸,存在逆温层顶高于1. 5 km,逆温强度大于5℃的较强逆温,0～6 km垂直风切变超过18 m·s~(-1),700 hPa与500 hPa温度差在15℃以上以及700hPa的相对湿度高于80%,且比湿在5～6 g·kg~(-1)。 相似文献
6.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料和国家站观测数据,对佛山市2014年秋季的一次连阴雨天气进行时空分布、环流背景和水汽条件分析。结果表明:该次过程的累计降雨量比常年同期偏多200%～700%,北部的降雨大于南部地区,温度的变化总体上为先明显下降再缓慢回升;11月1—12日中层波动频繁以及近地面层弱冷空气活跃是该次连续阴雨天气的主要成因,较明显冷空气影响、中层西北风大风速带建立标志着阴雨天气结束。连阴雨期间在降雨强度大、降雨时间集中时段均有深厚的湿层和明显的水汽辐合;而在降雨停歇时段,700 hPa位势高度相对湿度小于90%,且925 hPa为一致的水汽辐散。 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古气象》2021,(1):18-23
利用常规气象观测资料、探空资料和雷达资料,对2019年2月19—20日江西省早春一次高架雷暴过程的环流形势、物理量和雷达回波特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)对流发生在地面冷锋后,925—850 hPa逆温之上,500 hPa上高度槽落后于温度槽,700 hPa上存在一支20 m·s-1西南急流,850 hPa有辐合切变线,是一次典型的高架雷暴过程。(2)700 hPa强盛西南气流为中层提供热力、水汽条件,700—500 hPa温度梯度配合850 hPa切变线、温度锋区为中层对流不稳定发展提供动力抬升条件。(3)700 hPa与850 hPa风矢量差为5 m·s-1,风垂直切变不强,700 hPa以下温度 0℃,融化层温度较高,不利于冰雹产生。(4)高架雷暴从2 km左右高度上产生,并向上和向下发展。40 dBz回波在2～6 km之间发展,回波质心偏低,有利于产生短时强降水。 相似文献
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采用常规气象观测、地面加密降水资料、FY-2E卫星逐时TBB资料以及WRFV3.3高分辨率模式输出资料,对2010年7月12—13日安庆罕见特大暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统的发生发展、结构特征及形成原因进行了综合分析。WRFV3.3中尺度非静力模式很好地模拟了此次切变线暴雨的雨带走向、几个暴雨中心的位置和强度,以及中尺度对流系统的整个发展过程。分析结果表明:此次特大暴雨是在高层200 hPa强大的南亚高压稳定少动,中层500 hPa的短波槽的生成、转向和发展与副高的维持,低层的700 hPa和850 hPa中尺度低涡、切变线以及地面梅雨锋扰动的共同作用下造成的;700 hPa低涡、切变线以及沿切变线相继生成和强烈发展的β中尺度对流系统是这次特大暴雨的直接制造者。细网格模拟结果揭示,安庆特大暴雨与850 hPa上的β中尺度对流系统(MβCS)的生成和强烈发展直接相关。该MβCS具有明显的动力—热力结构特征,显示:强上升运动与饱和气柱的耦合,强散度柱与强涡柱的耦合发展,强上升运动与位势不稳定的耦合发展,湿静力不稳定与湿对称不稳定共存。 相似文献
10.
华东高温期的大气环流特征分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面气象站点资料,对1951—2005年华东高温日数较多（少）月和高温过程各阶段的500 hPa位势高度、850 hPa温度和相对湿度及700 hPa垂直速度的环流特征进行对比分析。结果表明：在高温日数较多月,副高西伸,850 hPa温度较高而相对湿度较低,华东中南部下沉气流明显,华东多为位势高度、温度和垂直速度正距平及相对湿度负距平;而在高温日数较少月,副高东退,850 hPa温度较低而相对湿度较高,整个华东为上升气流,并为位势高度、温度和垂直速度负距平及相对湿度正距平。与高温前期和衰退期相比,高温盛期副高北抬西进,华东850 hPa温度较高而相对湿度较低,华东南部下沉气流强盛,各要素距平值增加,多数要素距平中心移向华东或其周边。高温间断期则比盛期各要素距平减弱。大气环流要素场及其距平场的变动可以作为预报华东7—8月高温日数多寡和高温进程的参考依据。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献