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1.
石家庄市区域自动气象站气温数据适用性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象与环境学报》2017,(2)
利用2009—2015年石家庄地区17个国家级自动气象站和61个两要素区域自动气象站的逐时气温、逐日最高气温及逐日最低气温观测资料,对比分析了石家庄市国家站和区域站逐时与逐日气温空间分布特征的相似性及差异性。结果表明:探测环境差异对日最低气温观测值的影响较大,对日最高气温观测值的影响较小。石家庄市不同区域气温冬季差异最大,夏季差异最小,春秋季居中;太阳辐射可以减小区域之间气温的差异,日出后不同区域的气温差异快速缩小,辐射最强时气温差异最小,日落后不同区域气温差异达最大,直至日出前不同区域的气温差异变化微弱,始终保持较高差值。石家庄市西北部山区气温较低,东部平原地区气温较高,石家庄城区气温最高。选取不同探测环境的气象站统计某区域平均气温时,对日平均最高气温统计值的影响较小,对日平均最低气温统计值的影响较大;23时至翌日上午10时,国家级自动气象站气温差异的季节变化特征可以代表全区气温差异的季节变化,其他时刻代表性较差,18—20时气温差异的代表性最差;冬季夜间石家庄市主城区相对周边地区城市热岛最明显,夏季山区相对城区最高气温更低,冬春季白天城区相对乡镇存在明显的冷岛现象。 相似文献
2.
北京不同区域表面气温的变化特征以及北京市观象台气温的代表性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用北京地区14个观测站1990～2007年逐日和2004～2007年逐时的2 m气温观测资料,分析了北京城区、郊区、南部山区以及北部山区4个区域表面气温的年变化、季节变化以及春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的日变化特征,指出4个区域的气温变化特征具有明显的差异.在所有时间尺度上城区气温受城市热岛效应影响最大,表现为温度最高,郊区次之,南部山区较低,北部山区最低.1990～2007年4个区域的气温都表现出增温趋势,其中城区增温最明显,增温率明显大于其他区域.城区与其他区域气温的差异有明显的季节变化,城区与郊区、城区与北部山区气温的差异在冬季最大,夏季最小;城区与南部山区气温的差异在夏季最大,春季最小.在气温的日变化方面,城区气温在各个季节的日较差都是最小的,南部山区最大.通过比较作为北京代表站的北京市观象台的气温与4个区域的差异,发现观象台与城区气温在各个时间尺度上的差异都最小,与其他区域存在显著差异,北京市观象台气温主要代表了城区,对其他区域的代表性较差. 相似文献
3.
以山东省乡镇级精细化要素预报为例,预报站点由县级123个增至1 561个。在精细化要素客观预报方法开发中,如何处理多量预报站（格）点问题？利用山东省稠密的区域自动站观测资料,通过分析不同站点空间分辨和地形属性的观测要素的统计学差异,研究各种气象要素的站点差异性。结果表明：温度、降水等要素具有明显的局地小气候特征,需要更高空间分辨率的预报站点来捕捉;市区、郊区以及不同高度山区等站点间最低气温各分位数统计值差异均较大,但相关系数较高,且频率分布形态相似;风对地形更敏感,不同测站间相关系数较低,分位数统计值和频率分布形态差异均较大。上述结果可为精细化要素客观预报业务中的站（格）点处理提供理论和技术支撑。 相似文献
4.
近30年北京气候舒适度城郊变化对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用北京市城郊20个气象观测站1981—2010年30年气象资料,计算了20个站点的逐日舒适度指数,并统计了北京城郊夏季最热舒适度、冬季最冷舒适度的年平均值以及炎热日数、酷热日数、寒冷日数和严寒日数,最终分析给出了北京舒适度的年际和空间变化特征以及城郊舒适度差异。结果表明：20世纪80年代,北京夏季最热舒适度在炎热标准以下,城郊差异不大;90年代至今增热趋势明显,炎热和酷热日数显著增多,特别是平原地区炎热和酷热日数分别增加到40天和8天,且炎热和酷热日数空间分布范围不断扩大,2000年后扩大到除朝阳区东部以外的大部分主城区。相比较郊区而言,城区的热舒适度指数和变热幅度大,山前平原比山区热。且城区的冬季暖于郊区,寒冷和严寒日数也低于郊区,这种差距从80年代中后期逐渐明显,最大差距一年能达到10~20天;90年代后严寒区域范围逐渐缩小,平原地区的寒冷日数较80年代平均减少10天。 相似文献
5.
基于新疆天山山区2012—2015年夏季的GPS/PWV资料、探空资料和逐日降水资料,运用多种统计方法,分析天山山区夏季大气可降水量(PWV)的时空变化特征,并初步探讨其原因。从夏季平均值分布来看,天山山区各站PWV分布存在明显差异,与海拔高度呈显著负相关关系;且低海拔站点PWV比高海拔站点表现出更大的发散性和可变性,有雨日PWV的极值、中位数等整体高于无雨日。天山山区夏季PWV表现出显著的月变化和日变化。大部分站点7月PWV最大,6月次之,8月最少;一日之中在10时左右出现日最大值,个别站点表现出不同的变化特征,且有雨日和无雨日也存在一定差异。天山山区各站夏季降水量与其PWV关联性不明显,降水量和水分循环指数均与海拔高度呈显著正相关关系。这可能是因为夏季山区高海拔站点更易产生局地对流性降水,从而增加水分循环次数所致。 相似文献
6.
1978—2008年城市化对北京地区气温变化影响的初步分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
应用北京地区20个常规站1978-2008年经均一性序列多元分析方法均一化处理的气温数据,初步分析了北京地区城市化对年平均和不同季节日最高、最低以及平均气温的影响。结果表明,1978—2008年,年平均日最低、平均气温空间分布自北向南、自西向东,温度逐渐升高,在城区达到最高,日最高气温表现为从西向东南逐步升高,在城区形成较为明显的热岛。温度变化趋势表明,各站日最低气温、平均气温、最高气温均呈升温趋势。城市化对北京地区城区及近郊区站点日平均气温和最低气温影响最大,对自北部佛爷顶至昌平到城区一带站点的最高气温影响最大。城市化对北京(观象台)站的增温影响最为明显,对城区站点温度平均的增温影响次之,对全市站点温度平均的增温影响最小。城市化对观象台站、城区站点平均、全市站点平均日平均气温、最低气温的年平均、各季节均非常显著,其中在秋季影响最大,对日最高气温的影响则是在夏季最大。 相似文献
7.
气象站迁站前后气温同期观测资料对比 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对山东省东阿县新旧地面气象观测站同期(2008年1、4、7月)气温观测资料对比分析,发现两站之间气温存在明显的正温差,旧测站气温存在城市热岛效应。这种效应夜间大于白天,冬、春(秋)季较为明显,夏季最小;城市热岛效应使最低气温下降,从而减小气温日较差,故旧测站气温较高;统计检验表明,旧测站与新测站气温存在显著的正相关,但两地气温差异显著,两地气温资料已经不适合合并计算。所以,对于旧测站的气温记录,应做出必要的订正后,才能得到较准确的代表当地气温的统计资料。 相似文献
8.
《干旱气象》2018,(5)
利用G30连霍高速甘肃段沿线麦积山隧道、乌鞘岭交通气象监测站的路面温度、气温、露点温度、相对湿度、风速、降水等逐时资料,统计分析了两站不同季节、不同海拔高度下路面温度与气温的差异与联系,讨论了路面温度与其他气象因子的相关关系,基于逐步线性回归方法建立路面温度统计模型,并对模型预报效果进行检验。结果表明:各个季节,甘肃山区高速公路路面温度和气温都是日出后快速升高,日落后逐渐下降,且路面温度的升、降幅度均快于气温。较低海拔站点的路面温度高于高海拔站点,但最高值出现时间、两站温差有所差异。其中,秋、冬季两站路面温差夜间大于白天,而春、夏季则昼夜相差不大。最低、最高路面温度统计模型的预报结果与实况变化趋势接近,但最高路面温度个别日期预报值与观测值偏差较大,在实际业务中应考虑各种实时气象条件及地形条件,对模型结果进行适当订正。 相似文献
9.
利用2019—2021年金华市空气负氧离子浓度和气象环境资料，研究不同区域（平原城区、平原公园、水边景区、山林景区）负氧离子浓度时空分布特征，分析人类活动最多的城区负氧离子浓度与气象环境因素不同时间尺度的相关性，以及不同天空状况的差异。结果表明：负氧离子浓度呈现平原低、山区高的分布特征，植被茂密、动态水流可增加负氧离子浓度和提高浓度等级。山林景区日出和日落前后负氧离子浓度较高，水边景区凌晨和午后出现高值，平原地区则在下午达到高峰。不同区域四季日变化趋势整体较一致，但不同季节负氧离子浓度峰值大小、日较差和出现峰值时刻存在差异。四季不同区域负氧离子浓度有所差异，主要表现为6—9月高，其中尤以8月山林景区为最。负氧离子浓度与气象环境因素的相关性在不同时间尺度上差异较大：时尺度上与气温、风速、雨量和O3呈显著正相关，而与PM2.5呈显著负相关。四季看，负氧离子浓度春季与风速相关性最高，夏季为气温，秋季为O3，冬季为PM2.5。日尺度上则与相对湿度、风速、雨量呈显著正相关，与PM2.5和O3呈显著负相关，且雨天负氧离子浓度明显高于其他天空状况，差异在冬季达最大。 相似文献
10.
利用百色地面气象观测站、那坡地面气象观测站2007—2010年大型蒸发量资料统计分析百色市大型蒸发量与各气象要素之间的关联,以寻求大型蒸发量与气象要素之间相关性。结果表明:蒸发量与气温、日照时数、10 min平均风速呈显著的正相关关系,与相对湿度、水汽压呈现明显的负相关关系;夏季蒸发量大小主要取决于气温的高低,冬季蒸发量大小主要取决于日照时间的长短。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献