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基于雷达组网拼图的定量降水估测算法业务应用及效果评估 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
基于雷达组网实时的定量降水估测(QPE)及实时评估系统在浙江省杭州市气象局成功实现了业务应用,在评估雷达定量降水估测业务应用效果的同时,根据雷达反射率因子垂直廓线(VPR)特征,探讨分析了不同类型降水过程中雷达定量降水估测的误差源。系统联合杭州、宁波、舟山、温州、金华及衢州6部新一代天气雷达的基数据资料,以及覆盖浙江省且经反距离加权(Inverse Distance Weights,IDW)法实时质量控制的雨量计观测资料,采用先雷达组网拼图再降水估测的方案,集成Z-R关系法和最优插值法反演与校准雷达定量降水估测数据场。4次不同类型降水过程的评估结果表明:(1)在地物遮挡严重的浙江西北部和雷达覆盖较差的浙江南部,降水估测的雷达反射率因子如果源于0℃层亮带,会导致雷达定量降水估测严重高估;如果源于浅薄层云云系的云顶,会造成雷达定量降水估测严重低估。(2)多种降水类型云系并存,但使用相对单一的Z-R关系,会导致梅雨和台风期间雷达定量降水估测的局部高估或低估。(3)伴随飑线系统的强对流以及台风系统的非对称性也是导致雷达定量降水估测误差的重要原因。(4)联合Z-R关系和最优插值法,有效地降低了雷达定量降水估测的系统误差,但仍然存在大量的局部误差。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2017,(1)
雷达波束部分遮挡是雷达定量降水估测(QPE)算法的重要误差源。利用4次大范围的天气过程,联合上饶、黄山、杭州、金华、宁波、衢州、温州和台州8部天气雷达和浙江省2047个雨量计观测资料,应用金华、衢州和上饶雷达的部分遮挡区域识别结果,从定性和定量分析两个角度,将雷达组网拼图数据划分为部分遮挡区域、无遮挡区域和总数据区域,验证分析了部分遮挡回波订正方案在提高雷达组网拼图质量和提高雷达QPE精度方面的作用。结果表明:剔除部分遮挡回波的回波订正方案,在不同天气过程中均可以(1)有效地增强部分遮挡区域内雷达组网拼图和雷达QPE数据场的连续性;(2)显著提高了部分遮挡区域内雷达QPE数据场的精度,降低了因部分遮挡导致的雷达QPE误差,并间接提高了无遮挡区域以及总的数据区域内的雷达QPE的精度;(3)改善了Z-R关系拟合方案和最优插值校准方案的有效性,这是剔除部分遮挡回波后,雷达QPE数据场精度提高的重要原因。 相似文献
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《气象》2021,(7)
利用南京地区连续两年夏季的实测雨滴谱数据,分析了雨滴谱和降水特征,区分降水类型计算了微波链路衰减系数与雨强的关系(雨衰关系)和雷达反射率因子与雨强(Z-R)的关系,所得关系与ITU-R雨衰模型和常用Z-R关系均有差异,其中对流性降水中的Z-R关系为Z=161.63R~(1.55),层状云降水中为Z=227.23R~(1.53)。在两次不同类型降水过程中利用微波链路和天气雷达反演降水,结果表明:使用ITU-R雨衰关系反演降水存在高估层状云降水、低估对流性降水的问题,使用常用Z-R关系反演降水存在明显低估降水的问题,而使用雨滴谱计算的雨衰关系和Z-R关系反演的降水与雨量计实测降水更加一致,平均绝对误差降低,相关性明显提高。说明使用实测雨滴谱数据计算得到的本地化的雨衰关系和雷达Z-R关系,能够提升定量测量降水的准确性。 相似文献
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在基于天气雷达的定量降水估测(QPE)中,仰角选取和算法设计,对估测结果均有非常重要的影响。在对成都雷达资料进行滤波技术处理,减轻孤立噪声和杂波的干扰基础上,建立基于动态a、b值的降水估测算法,分析成都雷达探测所涉及的地形因素,提出了高山规避方案,并通过对流性和稳定性层状降水过程的高山规避实验表明,平均相对误差(RE)分别降低14.5%和10.8%;结合3次不同类型(对流性、稳定性层状和混合性)降水过程的雷达探测和雨量观测资料,基于0.5~3.5km区间的7个等高面的反射率因子进行降水估测实验显示,基于0.5km高度的反射率因子进行的降雨估测,平均相对误差综合指标最优;通过对2009~2010年主要降水过程的统计分析表明,降低QPE检验样本比例可以提高QPE精度;通过对2008~2009年主要过程QPE误差与雨强的关系实验表明,该算法对5mm以上实况降水的估测效果更好,相对误差为35.7%。 相似文献
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文章发展了一种利用雷达垂直反射率因子廓线改进复杂地形下台风降雨的雷达定量估测方法。该方法通过全局与区域最优拟合的垂直反射率因子廓线(VPR)获取近地面的最优反射率,并获取最优的动态Z-R关系。该方法充分考虑了复杂地形下的垂直降雨结构特征以及地形增雨增幅影响,因此有效弥补了雷达在复杂地形下VPR监测不完整问题。利用浙江地区三个典型登陆台风对方法进行检验,结果表明,反演的VPR能够较好地反映洋面、平原与山区的低层反射率因子结构差异,符合实际降水系统低层结构特征。相比传统的定量降水估计方法.改进算法较好地解决了复杂地形区域的强降水低估问题,其估测的小时降水与地面检验的雨量站观测相关系数达到0.85~0.94,降水累积估测误差减少约50%。 相似文献
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利用雨滴谱仪观测的雨滴谱数据,分析了2021年7月20日郑州极端暴雨的雨滴谱特征,并结合双偏振雷达观测,分析了不同定量降水估测（QPE）方法在此次极端暴雨过程中的性能。结果表明,在此次极端暴雨过程的最强降水时段,雨滴谱表现为很高的粒子数浓度和很大的粒子平均直径;而整个降水过程雨滴谱的截距参数与我国其它地区雨滴谱特征差异不明显,但质量加权平均直径大于其他地区的雨滴谱;在降水最强的2021年7月20日08:00～09:00（协调世界时,下同）前后,雨滴谱的特征发生了显著变化,首先是质量加权平均直径迅速增长,随后粒子数浓度也陡增,从而导致降水率的迅速增强。使用郑州双偏振雷达数据,基于各种QPE方法和参数计算得到了08:00～09:00的雷达反演降水量,并与雨量计观测结果比较。结果表明对于基于反射率的QPE关系（R(ZH)）,如果不提高或者去除反射率上限进行QPE,会导致降水严重低估,且该方法对参数的准确性较为依赖;基于差传播相移率的QPE关系（R(Kdp)）对雨滴谱差异性敏感度相对较低,其性能主要依赖于差传播相移率的准确性;最优的R(Kdp)关系反演效果比R(ZH)更好,能达到实际降水量的70%以上。 相似文献
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雨滴谱的变化对降水估测的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《高原气象》2016,(1)
选取2013年5月20日发生在广东三水的一次飑线过程作为研究对象,首先结合飑线回波带移经三水及其上空雷达回波的时间-高度分布特征将降水过程划分为3个阶段,然后通过计算各时刻的粒子总数密度、中值体积直径和峰值数分析降水过程雨滴谱的变化,再对Z-R关系(Z=aR~b)进行分析,根据雨滴谱实测资料分别统计整体Z—R关系和3个降水阶段的Z—R关系,在此基础上讨论雨滴谱的变化和雷达观测的回波强度对降水估计的影响。结果表明:中值体积直径在对流云降水阶段和层状云降水阶段基本一致,但对流云降水阶段的粒子总数密度远大于层状云降水阶段;对流云降水阶段以双峰型为主,当降水向层状云类型发展时,多峰谱比例增加;雷达观测的回波强度常低于雨滴谱计算的反射率因子,离地面越近两者的相关性越好;根据3个降水阶段分别进行Z—R关系拟合,即分型Z-R关系,通过相对误差分析可知,利用分型Z—R关系反演雨强的效果明显优于整体Z-R关系反演效果,雨滴谱在层化降水阶段估计的相对误差最小、对流云降水阶段反演精度稍低于层状云降水阶段,这与对流云降水中雨强和雨滴谱谱型变化大且快有关;在雷达观测方面,利用分型Z-R关系反演雨强的相对误差较小而雷达观测的误差在对流云降水阶段较小,当降水向层状云降水转化时,雷达观测引起的相对误差增大,这主要是由于对流云降水阶段中雨滴谱仪和雷达对应的回波强度误差最小,也与雷达观测精度、两种仪器采样的时空差异和雨滴谱特征变化等因素有关。 相似文献
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复杂地形下C波段雷达定量降水估计算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C波段雷达定量降水估计（QPE）精度受到很多因素的影响,主要包括:（1）雷达标定,（2）非气象回波的干扰,（3）降水物垂直空间变化,（4）地形或地物的严重遮挡,（5）Z-R关系的代表性,（6）雷达拼图的质量,（7）雷达观测回波衰减等。文中雷达定量降水估计算法基于陕西省C波段天气雷达展开,从雷达探测数据质量控制、地形遮挡、Z-R关系和雷达拼图等方面提高C波段天气雷达定量降水估计的精度,产生降水类型产品和1 h定量降水估计产品,产品空间分辨率为0.01°×0.01°,时间分辨率为6 min。通过对7次降水过程进行评估,结果表明:基于混合仰角反射率因子处理模块和降水类型分类模块进行雷达定量降水估计,得到的结果与地面雨量站观测降水接近,1 h累计降水量的统计评分指标均方根误差稳定在3 mm以下,相对误差稳定在50%左右,相对偏差保持在?30%以内,雷达定量降水估计产品的离散度和绝对偏差都较低,表明该算法得到的雷达定量降水估计稳定可靠。 相似文献
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C波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达资料分析及在定量估计降水中的应用研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
基于南京信息工程大学C波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达(NUIST-CDP)的观测资料,结合南京龙王山SA天气雷达数据、南京信息工程大学大气综合观测基地的OTT Parsivel雨滴谱仪数据、南京市地面雨量计数据,分析NUIST-CDP探测资料的质量及定量降水估计(QPE)精度情况。将NUIST-CDP与SA雷达的回波强度数据进行了对比,发现NUIST-CDP回波强度偏弱;将滴谱仪上方NUIST-CDP测量的反射率因子ZH、差分反射率因子ZDR与滴谱仪数据对比,雷达参量ZH、ZDR与滴谱仪数据变化趋势一致,但整体略偏小;比较差分传播相移率KDP与ZH的变化情况,由差分传播相移ΦDP经最小二乘法计算得到的KDP与ZH数据一致性很好。利用南京地区2015年夏季(5—8月)收集的滴谱数据计算偏振雷达参数,拟合测雨方程,进行两次降水过程个例的QPE分析,并与南京地区雨量计数据进行了对比。结果表明:R(KDP)测雨精度最高,R(KDP,ZDR)次之,使用偏振参量能明显提高降雨估算精度;R(ZH)、R(ZH,ZDR)方法测雨反演结果低于地面雨量计雨量值,且低于SA雷达反演结果。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献