共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
一次强沙尘暴和雪暴天气过程的诊断及模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
利用基本气象资料和T213数值预报产品资料,对发生在内蒙古大部分地区的一次强风、强沙尘暴、强雪暴和强降温天气过程进行了动力诊断和模拟分析。结果表明,强冷空气活动是造成多种灾害的主要动力,高空急流是强风的动量来源,蒙古气旋强烈发展造成的气压梯度风加剧了地面大风和沙尘暴。强烈的冷、暖平流空间配置使大风、沙尘暴和降温更为剧烈。散度场的空间配置有利于沙尘暴、暴风雪的发展。高空西风急流对低空西南急流具有耦合和触发作用,低空西南急流的建立和长距离的水汽输送与辐合,成为内蒙古东部产生暴雪的重要条件,低层东风切变带中的正涡度平流的输送,叠加到了较好的水汽输送及辐合区域,加大了降雪。后期低层西北急流的形成,是产生暴风雪的重要原因。数值模拟结果表明,模拟高压、低压中心位置和强度与实况较为吻合,气旋的气压梯度强度与实况较为接近;冷暖平流在分布区域、输送方向、强中心位置上也与实况具有较相似的特征,但是温度平流模拟的结果在量值上略大于实况。 相似文献
2.
“4.12”沙尘暴天气的数值模拟及诊断分析 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：14
利用MM5中尺度数值模式,以T106实况资料作为初值场和侧边界值,对甘肃省河西走廊2000年4月12日强沙尘暴的强风天气形势和地面风场进行了数值模拟,并利用模式输出结果对这次过程作了诊断分析。模拟和诊断分析结果表明：MM5中尺度模式能模拟出产生这次强沙尘暴的强风天气形势和上升运动;沙尘暴爆发前3h河西走廊出现西北大风,并有大风向这一地区的明显辐合;沙尘暴发生在地面处于于暖状态的地区;位涡的水平分布特征对沙尘暴的出现时间和落区有一定的指示意义。沙尘暴区上空螺旋度垂直分布为高层负值,低层正值。螺旋度正值的演变与沙尘暴的出现有一定的对应关系。 相似文献
3.
2010年4月27日莱州湾大风过程诊断分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用NCEP资料对2010年4月27日莱州湾大风过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,气旋的爆发性发展导致气旋冷锋后部的锋生加强引发的变压梯度加大是造成此次莱州湾地区大风过程的直接原因。通过大尺度环境场分析,以及温度平流、涡度平流、高空急流、高层位涡异常的诊断分析,认为强的大气斜压性和其所伴随的冷、暖平流使高空槽发展;高低层涡度平流差异是地面气旋发展初期的主要因子;高空槽前急流轴向极一侧的非地转分量所引起的辐散有助于气旋发展;高层高值位涡下传激发了气旋性环流,造成地面气旋爆发性发展。 相似文献
4.
利用观测资料对2009年春季4月22-24日强沙尘暴过程的近地面气象要素(气温、气压、风速)变化和PM10进行分析.结果表明:蒙古气旋和冷锋是这次强沙尘暴的主要影响系统;沙尘暴过程前后温、压和风速有剧烈变化;PM10的强度能较好地反映沙尘暴强度.在观测资料分析基础上,利用沙尘暴数值预报系统对此次过程进行了模拟,采用模拟结果对地面沙尘浓度和起沙进行了分析.结果表明:模式能较好地模拟出这次沙尘天气的时间和空间演变特征,模拟沙尘浓度大值区与强沙尘暴的范围较为一致,比较白天早间和下午的沙尘浓度分布,发现其具有日变化;这次大范围的沙尘天气的起沙中心分别是南疆塔里木盆地、甘肃、内蒙古的西部及蒙古国南部,垂直沙通量超过50 mg·m2·s-1;沙尘浓度垂直输送的高度在550hPa以下,起沙后的沙尘粒子主要靠对流层低层的大风长距离地输送;对不同地区起沙过程贡献最大的沙尘粒子的粒径不尽相同,但是对起沙量贡献最大的是粒径在2μm相似文献
5.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(2)
利用气象站综合观测资料和NCEP FNL的1°×1°再分析资料,分析了2013年11月25日黑龙江省大暴雪的环流特征和气旋爆发性增长过程;在此基础上,对涡度平流、高低空急流的分布特征和垂直结构及湿位涡的正压项和斜压项对气旋爆发性增长的贡献进行了深入细致的研究,探索此次爆发性气旋发展的动力学机制.结果表明:此次黑龙江省暴雪过程地面气旋中心位于槽前最大正涡度平流区下方,正涡度平流使等压面降低,地面减压,气旋获得发展.地面气旋始终位于南支高空急流核左前方和北支高空急流核右后方,两支高空急流的动力作用均引起强辐散.高、低空急流耦合的区域,使高层强辐散和低层强辐合叠置,加强了气旋中心附近的上升运动,从而使气旋和降雪的强度得到加强.气旋在强斜压大气中获得爆发性增长,气旋的爆发与湿位涡的分布和演变关系密切,高层正湿位涡下传,使低层湿位涡增大,气旋获得发展;当高层ξmpv1线趋于准水平状态时,正湿位涡下传造成低层湿位涡发展结束,气旋发展停止并逐渐减弱.大气湿斜压性增加可引起垂直涡度的显著增加,促使气旋爆发性增长,垂直涡度的变化滞后于湿斜压性的变化. 相似文献
6.
旋转风螺旋度及其在暴雨演变过程中的作用 总被引：50，自引：2，他引：48
利用中尺度有限区域模式ＭＭ４对１９９１年７月５－６日的江淮梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,在模拟结果可靠的基础上,用模式输出的细多格动力协调资料,根据螺旋度理论分析了这次过程中的暴雨演变以及对流层低层的中尺度低涡及地面气旋发生发展的原因。结果表明,正在旋转风螺旋度大值中心及其演变较好地应和反映了暴雨中心及造成暴雨的中尺度涡旋的发生益及演变,较大的螺旋度值是暴雨及低层中尺度低涡和地面气旋系统发生发展的 相似文献
7.
利用实况观测资料以及NCEP 6 h再分析资料,基于位涡理论和WRF模式,对2014年4月23～24日甘肃最强的一次沙尘暴过程进行数值模拟及发生机制分析.结果表明:沙尘暴过程出现伴有各气象要素“突变”现象,即风速加大、能见度陡降、PM10浓度陡增、地面气温和气压大幅度下降,模式模拟结果与实况一致,能够准确反映出各要素的强烈变化;此次沙尘暴过程在高空强风带和强锋区及地面冷高压、热低压以及两者过渡地带产生的地面强冷锋共同作用下发生,而河西地形的“狭管效应”对此次沙尘暴起加强作用;高值位涡沿着陡峭的310 K等熵面下滑时垂直涡度不断增大,致使垂直正涡度柱造成强烈上升运动,并与下沉运动相互作用,最终导致此次特强沙尘暴的发生. 相似文献
8.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析格点资料、常规气象资料及中尺度WRF模式,对2009年8月28-30日发生在河南南部的一次暴雨过程进行中尺度数值模拟及诊断分析。结果表明,WRF模式对此次暴雨过程模拟效果较好,模拟物理量能够较好地反映暴雨的实际特征,模拟暴雨强度及落区与实况较一致。高空槽、副热带高压、超低空东风急流及低层风切变是此次暴雨的主要影响系统。利用涡度方程对暴雨过程进行诊断分析发现,涡度方程各项收支中,涡度平流作用与辐合辐散作用对涡度局地变化的贡献最大,垂直输送项与扭转项对涡度局地变化的贡献较弱。涡度平流项对中低层涡度局地变化表现出正反馈作用,垂直输送项、扭转项及辐合辐散项起着负反馈作用。涡度平流作用使得中低层气旋式环流加强,有利于中低层辐合加强,局地涡度增加。垂直输送项、扭转项及辐合辐散项使得低层辐合减弱,气旋性涡度减小。此外,利用垂直螺旋度等模拟产品对暴雨诊断分析发现,暴雨落区与垂直螺旋度大值中心、水汽通量散度负值中心等相对应,此次暴雨正是在良好的动力、水汽及热力条件下产生的。 相似文献
9.
2009年河南一次大暴雨过程的涡度方程诊断分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP／NCAR再分析格点资料、常规气象资料及中尺度WRF模式,对2009年8月28—30日发生在河南南部的一次暴雨过程进行中尺度数值模拟及诊断分析。结果表明,WRF模式对此次暴雨过程模拟效果较好,模拟物理量能够较好地反映暴雨的实际特征,模拟暴雨强度及落区与实况较一致。高空槽、副热带高压、超低空东风急流及低层风切变是此次暴雨的主要影响系统。利用涡度方程对暴雨过程进行诊断分析发现,涡度方程各项收支中,涡度平流作用与辐合辐散作用对涡度局地变化的贡献最大,垂直输送项与扭转项对涡度局地变化的贡献较弱。涡度平流项对中低层涡度局地变化表现出正反馈作用,垂直输送项、扭转项及辐合辐散项起着负反馈作用。涡度平流作用使得中低层气旋武环流加强,有利于中低层辐合加强,局地涡度增加。垂直输送项、扭转项及辐合辐散项使得低层辐合减弱,气旋性涡度减小。此外,利用垂直螺旋度等模拟产品对暴雨诊断分析发现,暴雨落区与垂直螺旋度大值中心、水汽通量散度负值中心等相对应,此次暴雨正是在良好的动力、水汽及热力条件下产生的。 相似文献
10.
利用多普勒雷达资料和GTS1型数字式探空仪探测资料,分析了2006年2月6～7日大连地区暴雪过程的回波演变和要素分布特征。结果表明,降雪期间,多普勒雷达显示为20～25 dBz的层状云,回波高度不超过3 km,对流层中下层的高空冷暖平流是产生强降雪的主要原因。采用中尺度非静力模式MM5对暴雪过程进行了数值模拟,模式较好地模拟了这次过程强降雪中心的强度、位置及强降雪的变化时间。这次降雪的主要影响系统是高空槽和地面华北气旋。诊断分析了强降雪的动力和热力特征及降雪期间的中尺度特征和云物理过程。高空槽前的西南暖湿气流提供了有利的水汽条件,高空辐散和低层辐合相叠置及高空正涡度的下传,有利于垂直上升运动的加强和地面华北气旋的发展。降雪前的增暖增湿与北方冷空气的楔入使大连位于sθe能量锋区和水汽辐合区内,有利于强降雪的产生。中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的形成和发展是强降雪产生和维持的有利因素,中尺度系统维持时间相对短暂。降雪期间,云中水成物的相态分布与温度密切相关,这次降雪过程只有气、固两相粒子作用。冰相粒子主要维持在600～300 hPa,其下部与雪区相对应。冰相粒子发展加强,地面降雪增大;冰相粒子减弱消失,降雪减小停止。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献