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1.
利用1971—2010年NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对中亚低涡的活动规律及不同移动路径对新疆天气的影响进行分析。结果表明:40年共出现305次中亚低涡过程,低涡成熟期维持日数共1166 d;中亚低涡随纬度分布有两个高频活动区域:47.5°~55°N (北涡) 和35°~47.5°N (南涡),北涡表现出明显的季节变化,夏季所占比例最大为52%,而南涡活动四季差别不明显。中亚低涡的成熟期生命史2~3 d占56%,4~5 d占27.5%,5 d以上占16.5%。低涡活动具有明显的月、季节、年际和年代际变化,且呈显著的年代际增加趋势。南、北涡均出现东北、偏东和东南向移动路径,并影响新疆不同区域的天气。中亚低涡可造成新疆出现低温大风天气 (干涡) 和强降水天气 (湿涡),干涡占60%,且季节分布比较均匀;湿涡占40%,季节分布差异大,其中,夏季最多占57%,秋、春季次之。 相似文献
2.
李娜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2018,12(6):8-15
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对新疆夏季两次塔什干低涡天气过程进行对比分析,从天气尺度环流系统配置、动力和水汽输送的角度探讨造成南疆不同降水强度的塔什干低涡特征差异。结果表明:当南亚高压中心位于70°E,南疆位于200 hPa急流轴出口辐散区,500 hPa塔什干低涡东移携带强西南气流时,700 hPa盆地有显著东风急流,偏西地区中低层切变辐合长时间维持,同时通过接力输送的阿拉伯海水汽与中低层东风急流携带的水汽强烈辐合,导致大范围暴雨,高层正MPV1、负MPV2向下伸展,中低层不稳定性、斜压性增强,配合700 hPa以下负MPV1、正MPV2激发垂直涡度增长,对流性降水加强;当南亚高压中心始终维持偏东(90°E),南疆位于200 hPa急流轴上,500 hPa里海脊和新疆东部高压脊势力相当时,塔什干低涡减弱为槽影响南疆,700 hPa南疆盆地东风气流弱且位置偏西,南疆地区无明显高层辐散、中低层切变辐合,不利于垂直上升运动的发展和水汽的集中辐合,难以造成显著降水。 相似文献
3.
利用中国气象局提供的逐日08:00(北京时,下同)和20:00 700 h Pa和850 h Pa高空图以及欧洲中期天气预报中心ECMWF提供的每日四次0. 75°×0. 75°的ERA-INTRIM再分析资料,从生成个数、移动路径、生命史、降水影响四个方面对2010—2017年夏季6—8月产生的149次西南低涡进行统计,并对有无台风存在时的西南低涡进行特征分析。结果表明:有无台风影响下西南低涡发生频次年变化均较小,但存在发生频次差异较大年份,如2017年。整体而言,西南低涡多发月为6月,而受台风影响的低涡多发月则为8月。根据其移动特征将西南低涡分为原地型和移动型,其中移动型进一步分为偏东路径型,东北路径型和东南路径型,其中偏东路径型出现次数最多,东南路径型出现次数最少。移动型低涡在有台风影响时年变化较小且变化强度小于无台风影响时,原地型低涡在两种情况下年变化差异都较大;而四类低涡在有无台风影响下月变化情况各异。不同生命史的西南低涡出现的频次随维持时间增加而减少。西南低涡总是容易带来充沛的降水,移动型西南低涡受台风影响时产生的降水强度更大。 相似文献
4.
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1.0°×1.0°再分析资料、欧洲高分辨率(0.75°×0.75°)再分析资料以及区域自动站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对2013年第11号超强台风"尤特"(1311号)残留低涡在广西和湖南一带的复杂移动路径及其长时间维持与复苏造成广西特大暴雨的成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)大陆高压、西太平洋副热带高压与赤道高压形成合围态势,热带辐合带北抬加强,是造成"尤特"残留低涡在华南西部缓慢移动、运动路径先北移后南落的环流背景;(2)弱的垂直风切变环境,季风急流与"尤特"残留低涡长时间联结,有利于水汽和不稳定能量补充到"尤特"残留低涡中,是造成其长时间维持的原因;(3)"尤特"残留低涡后期向南移动过程中,与季风急流(季风涌)相遇获得潜热能,是造成残留低涡复苏并促使降水增幅的原因;(4)分析雷达回波可知,在"尤特"残留低涡东南侧,风暴单体呈螺旋带状并形成列车效应。 相似文献
5.
利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站降水资料、多普勒天气雷达资料以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2017年5月22—25日一次偏北路径冷空气影响下贵州高原北侧低涡的形成机制进行探讨。结果表明:(1)地形导致冷空气回流形成地形锢囚,锢囚锋上有低涡产生,位于地面至850 h Pa的大气低层,属于暖性浅薄中-β尺度系统;(2)低涡维持2 d,降水产生在低涡中心附近,雨强不大;(3)中高层波动强迫低层涡度发展而使低涡维持;当中高层转为西北气流时,涡度发展受抑制且冷空气侵入低涡而使其减弱消亡;(4)低涡形成过程可分为地形回流、锢囚发展和减弱消亡3个阶段,与西南低涡及锋面气旋在形成机制、降水落区和强度等方面存在明显差异。 相似文献
6.
引发四川盆地东部暴雨的西南低涡结构特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1951-2008年四川盆地(27°-32°N,105°-110°E)54个地面气象观测站网监测的日雨量资料,分析了四川盆地东部暴雨发生的气候特征。结果表明,四川盆地东部暴雨(或伴有雷雨大风、冰雹大风等)多发生在6-9月,川东北和渝东北是单站暴雨的高发区,重庆西部是大范围暴雨的多发区;引发四川盆地东部(宜宾、南充和重庆西部)暴雨的主要天气系统是西南低涡。对2007-2010年6次西南低涡暴雨过程进行了合成分析,分析表明,西南低涡热力结构特征具有200hPa存在明显增暖现象,对流层中低层则由暖转冷;西南低涡初期大气对流性不稳定明显;西南低涡动力结构特征具有200hPa西风急流在36°N附近,500hPa低槽东移,槽前正涡度加强,从对流层底垂直伸展到300hPa以上,正涡度中心随高度向西倾斜,850～500hPa平均正涡度大值区与低涡中心对应,对流层中低层北风大值区与南风大值区在低涡中心附近形成强水平风切变,同时低涡中心附近的垂直风切变也较明显。促使西南低涡发展的水汽主要来自南海,低空急流由南向北输送水汽,将对流层低层到大气边界层内的水汽输送到低涡中心附近。西南低涡发生、发展过程中在红外卫星云图上具有MCC等中-α尺度特征,发展强盛的西南低涡在多普勒天气雷达回波上有"列车效应"和中气旋特征。 相似文献
7.
利用NCEP/NCAR全球2.5°×2.5°逐日和FNL1°×1°逐6h再分析资料,对2016年冬末春初湖南出现的两次寒潮过程进行等熵位涡诊断分析。结果表明:(1)中高纬度的高位涡区可以用来追踪影响湖南寒潮过程中强冷空气的来源和水平移动,西伯利亚冷高压陡增和与湖南地面气温的急剧下降预示着湖南寒潮天气爆发;(2)两次寒潮爆发过程中均伴随有中高纬度高位涡区向南传播的特征,且高位涡主体移动路径与地面冷空气南下路径一致,此外也表现出高位涡强烈向下伸展的特征;(3)等熵面上的高位涡中心与气旋性环流相对应,位涡中心区的变化可看出高空横槽的发展变化,而高位涡中心向南向下的传播导致强的下沉运动促进地面冷高压迅速发展,导致寒潮爆发。 相似文献
8.
一次西南涡路径预报偏差分析及数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2008年7月21-23日,在川东的西南涡移出后东北上.参考各数值模式对22-23日西南涡路径预报后,河南省气象台于21日发布暴雨预报,出现了落区偏差.为加深对西南涡移动路径机理的认识,利用常规和NCEP资料,从大气环流、热力、动力等方面对这次西南涡移动路径特征进行探讨;对数值预报产品作天气学检验;利用WRF模式对本次过程进行模拟.结果表明:(1)这次西南涡呈现南掉-东北上-东东北再东北上的曲折路径;(2)低涡结构显示了中尺度特征,涡度轴向、K指数等对低涡的移动路径有指示意义;(3)由于过于依赖数值预报,加之对东北南下冷空气影响考虑不足,是造成这次低涡路径预报偏差的主要原因;(4)WRF模式对这次低涡路径有较好的预报能力. 相似文献
9.
利用常规探测、自动站逐时雨量及ECMWF0.25°×0.25°每日4次的ERA-interim再分析等资料,分析2010—2018年6—8月天山北坡短时强降水时空分布及其环流配置特征。结果表明:天山北坡短时强降水时空分布不均,主要发生在沿山海拔1000～2000 m区域,尤其昌吉州频次最多;雨强R≥10 mm/h出现频次2015年最多,而R≥20 mm/h出现频次相较前者骤减,2016年出现最多,均在2014年最少,且6月出现最多;短时强降水日变化明显,16时—次日03时发生频次最多,占总次数的73.8%。天山北坡短时强降水过程以局地分散性居多,占总过程的65.1%;影响系统主要分为西西伯利亚低槽(涡)、中亚低槽、中亚低涡、西北气流等4类,其中,西西伯利亚低槽(涡)、中亚低槽两者占总过程的73.2%。 相似文献
10.
珠江三角洲3月份暴雨天气形势分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对1956～2009年珠江三角洲地区发生在3月份的暴雨的环流形势和天气系统进行了统计分析,结果发现,500hPa南支槽、850hPa滇黔桂地区活跃的低涡系统、切变线南侧的西南偏南急流、适度的冷空气、良好的高层辐散等天气系统的有机配合是珠三角3月份暴雨发生时的共同特征.对影响珠三角3月份暴雨的低涡进行统计,发现两条移动路径及一个影响关键区:103°～112°E,21°～27°N.3月份暴雨期间,切变线通常不在广东境内甚至远离广东,但低涡及切变线南侧的强西南偏南风输送的暖湿气流沿着珠江口的喇叭型地形北上辐合,是导致珠三角地区暴雨的重要因素. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献