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近五十年来广西海岛的气候变化与气象灾害特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《气象研究与应用》2015,(2)
利用涠洲岛气象站自建站至2010年的气象观测资料,分析总结近五十年来广西海岛的气候特征、气候变化规律与气象灾害特征。分析结果表明,随着全球变暖广西海岛的气候发生了明显变化,气温显著升高,特别是90年代后期以来,升温更加显著,冬季对气候变暖的贡献最大;年降水量呈增多趋势,主要来自夏季降水量增多的贡献,从80年代开始降水量增加趋势明显;广西海岛主要的气象灾害发生的频率和强度出现明显变化,台风影响个数略有减少,大风日数呈减少趋势,暴雨、旱涝灾害有所增加,极端天气气候事件造成的灾害损失呈增大趋势。 相似文献
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本文在搜集了大量生态环境历史变迁及气象灾害史料的基础上,应用历史学、生态学、环境学、灾害学等多学科理论与方法,对山西中部地区自明代前中期以来近500年的生态环境劣变过程,以及在其影响下的气象灾害变化情况进行了分析研究后,得出初步结论:森林毁坏导致生态环境破坏,具有不可逆性和累积性的特征。生态环境一旦被破坏就很难恢复;生态环境遭破坏引发4个方面恶果:一是水土流失会长期存在,并逐趋加重。二是洪涝灾害明显加剧。三是干旱频率显著增大。四是局地性强对流天气造成的灾害趋于严重。森林毁坏,生态环境恶化导致气象灾害加剧,反过来气象灾害加剧又促使生态环境进一步恶化。 相似文献
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对锡林郭勒草原退化的研究表明，除了人为干扰因素外，气象灾害也是造成草原退化的重要因素，研究气象灾害及其发生规律与草原退化的关系，对遏制和御防草原生态系统退化，防灾减灾，恢复草原原生植被有着重要意义，利用1953—2005年气象资料和2002—2005年生态气候监测资料，采用气候相似分区计算和分析干旱发生规律及演变趋势；对沙尘暴的发生强度和分布规律也做了深入研究。由于气象灾害日趋加重，草地植被不断退化，气象灾害与草原退化相互间的影响越来越大，气象灾害加速了草原退化进程，而草原退化使自然灾害更加频繁，造成的损失更加严重。治理草原生态环境，御防和减少气象灾害，是草原生态系统可持续发展的迫切需要。 相似文献
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使用1960年12月至2005年2月湖北省71个县(市)气象站常规气象资料,根据农业气象学原理和农业气象指标,统计、整合出对该省双季早稻、双季晚稻、一季中稻、小麦这四种主要粮食作物生产有影响的主要农业气象灾害。通过计算气候倾向率,对9类13种农业气象灾害进行了分析研究。结果表明:有6种农业气象灾害呈增加趋势,有7种呈减少趋势;冬季冻害、小麦赤霉病和盛夏冷害等三种农业气象灾害变化较为明显;任何一种农业气象灾害的气候倾向率呈减少趋势,并不意味着这种趋势变化对粮食生产就绝对有利,反之亦然。 相似文献
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利用陕西省1971—2014年期间气象灾害和粮食生产数据,分析了气象灾害的特征及其对粮食生产的影响。结果表明:1971年以来,陕西省因气象灾害造成的农业受灾面积及成灾面积总体上呈波动下降趋势,其中,干旱造成的受灾面积及成灾面积呈下降趋势,洪涝、大风冰雹及低温灾害造成的农业受灾及成灾面积呈上升趋势;气象灾害强度呈波动加重趋势,进入21世纪以来有所下降;陕西因气象灾害造成的粮食减产量年平均达111.1万t,占全年粮食总产的11.1%,年际变化呈波动增加趋势,进入21世纪以来呈下降趋势。总体来看,旱涝灾害是影响陕西粮食生产的主要气象灾害;气象灾害对陕西粮食生产的影响呈波动增加趋势,20世纪90年代影响最重,进入21世纪后有所缓解。 相似文献
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利用松江国家气象观测站1955—2014年的平均气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时数和气象灾害数据等气候观测资料,分析了上海松江佘山国家旅游度假区的主要气象灾害的发生时段,同时采用了气候舒适度评价和气象灾害气候趋势分析研究了气象条件对度假区旅游的影响。结果表明,度假区旅游气象灾害主要有大雾、台风、暴雨、大风、雷暴、高温。虽然各种气象灾害影响时段不同,但主要出现在5—10月。度假区一年当中共有19个旬气候舒适,适宜旅游活动,时间段分布在3—5月和9月下旬—12月底。度假区共有17个旬不适宜旅游活动,时间段为1—2月和6月—9月中旬。最后针对度假区的气象环境条件研究结果,对做好度假区旅游气象服务工作提出了建议。 相似文献
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小麦干热风灾害是危害我国北方麦区的主要农业气象灾害之一。基于已有研究成果和实际灾情,从干热风的概念、分类及研究方法出发,对小麦干热风灾害的危害机理、气象环境成因、致灾指标、时空分布、监测预报及防御措施等方面进行了系统归纳阐述,并对未来小麦干热风灾害研究方向进行展望。我国小麦干热风灾害主要分为高温低湿型、雨后青枯型及旱风型3种,形成的气象环境成因主要受干热风天气系统、气候变暖、土壤墒情的影响,致灾指标主要分为形态学、气象学、综合指数指标。小麦干热风灾害的危害总体呈东西两边重、中间轻的分布格局,主要发生在黄淮海平原、河西走廊和新疆3个地区。气候变暖背景下,大部分地区的干热风年日数在20世纪80—90年代出现突变,近30年呈明显加重扩大趋势。基于土壤墒情影响的小麦干热风灾害等级指标构建、小麦干热风过程的灾害监测预警方法、气候变化背景下小麦干热风灾害时空分布新变化及其气象环境成因等是今后研究的重点方向。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献