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1.
利用浙江省71个气象观测站的逐小时降水数据,分析2004—2016年夏季(6—8月)降水日变化特征。结果表明:(1)浙江省夏季降水量和降水频次日变化总体上呈现"一主一次"的双峰特征,降水量和降水频次主峰值分别出现在17:00前后和19:00前后。近13 a来,夏季降水量和降水频次有明显的增加趋势。(2)降水日变化特征区域差异明显。浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量、降水频次和强度日变化波动幅度较小,降水强度的峰值出现在09:00—11:00;浙南地区降水量、降水频次和强度日变化具有单峰特点,峰值均出现在15:00—20:00。(3)降水日变化与不同持续时间的降水事件有关,≥6 h持续性降水事件的降水峰值易出现在09:00前后,而<6 h短时降水事件的降水峰值出现在15:00—22:00。不同区域降水事件有所差异,浙中西部地区和沿海岛屿的降水量来源于持续性降水和短时降水事件的共同贡献,浙南地区降水量主要来源于短时降水事件的贡献。(4)短时强降水(20～50 mm·h^(-1))和特强降水(≥50 mm·h^(-1))易发生在温州、台州和宁波等沿海地区,其中杭州湾、台州局部地区是短时特强降水的高发区;短时强降水的日变化具有单峰特征,降水峰值出现在15:00—20:00。 相似文献
2.
利用国家气象中心1998—2018年6—9月0.1°×0.1°分辨率的逐小时卫星融合降水资料,分析河北省暖季短时强降水(1 h降水量≥20 mm)的空间分布、日变化特征及成因,结果表明:短时强降水过程的平均小时降水量、降水频次、降水强度、峰值降水量自东南向西北递减,其中东部沿海降水量最大,太行山和燕山的迎风坡附近存在降... 相似文献
3.
选取2007—2015年江西省1 895个地面气象站的降水观测资料,分别统计分析了20 mm≤1 h降水量＜30 mm、30 mm≤1 h降水量＜50 mm、1 h降水量≥50 mm、3 h降水量≥50 mm、6 h降水量≥50 mm短历时强降水的年际变化、季节变化、日变化和空间分布特征。结果表明： 1）从年际变化来看,1 h降水量≥20 mm短历时强降水的日数呈现增多的趋势。2）从季节变化来看,短历时强降水天气主要出现在4—9月,其中6月短历时强降水日数最多,1、2、12月最少;5—8月有超过80％的站点出现短历时强降水天气。3）从日变化来看,短历时强降水易发生在傍晚至上半夜时段,主峰值区出现在17—21时,次峰值出现在08—09时;4）从空间分布来看,不同降水强度的短历时强降水的发生日数均呈“西少东多”的空间分布特征,其中九江地区的降水日数偏少,抚州、鹰潭地区偏多。 相似文献
4.
利用2005—2019年河北省40个国家气象观测站逐小时降水资料，分析小时降水和小时强降水的时空分布特征，结果表明：①小时降水频率近年来是降低的，而小时强降水频次没有明显的变化趋势，小时降水量、降水频率、降水强度以及小时强降水频次的月变化均呈单峰型分布，小时强降水频次呈年差异化变大趋势，使得小时强降水事件发生的极端性更突出；②年降水量总体呈东高西低、南高北低的趋势，大值区主要位于东北和西南地区，降水频次和降水强度受地形影响较为明显，降水频次大值中心位于海拔较高的北部和中西部，平原频次较低，而降水强度大值区位于东北部，这是受副热带高压和地形作用共同影响造成的；③河北省降水主要集中在傍晚到夜间，降水峰值出现的时间有自西向东延后的特征，受午后局地对流天气的影响，最大峰值多出现在17:00前后，小时强降水发生频次较高；④小时强降水的高发时期是7—8月，主要集中在河北东部和南部，其最大值出现在东北部和石家庄一带；⑤南部降水量主要源于降水强度的贡献，北部、西部山区和西北部坝上地区降水量更主要的是受降水频率的影响；东北部降水量则是降水频率和降水强度的共同影响造成的。 相似文献
5.
李胜楠 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2019,13(2):63-68
利用库尔勒市2010—2016年主汛期(5—8月)逐时自动降水资料,得出主汛期共出现降水371次,累计降水量393.5 mm,进而分析了库尔勒市主汛期降水日变化特征,结果表明:降水日峰值在17:00,次峰值区在08:00—12:00,最低值出现在21:00;一天中降水频次最高的时刻为10:00,最低时刻在17:00和20:00。降水强度高值区出现在16:00—17:00,最低值出现在21:00和07:00。≥0.1 mm、≥1 mm、≥3 mm降水出现频次整体均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,分别在10:00、08:00和10:00、09:00达到最大,其中,≥0.1mm降水出现频次最多、≥3 mm出现频次最少。定时时次≥8成低云量出现频次和定时时次累计降水量变化均表现为02:00—08:00呈上升趋势,到08:00达到最大,随后逐渐降低。 相似文献
6.
利用四川地区自动气象站逐小时降水观测资料,分析了2010~2019年5~9月短时强降水事件24h累计降水量、频次和强度的时空分布特征,探讨了短时强降水事件发生的频次、极值分布及其与地形、海拔高度等的关系。结果表明:四川地区平均24h累计降雨量基本在50mm以上,盆地东北部、西南部、南部及阿坝州东部甚至超过100mm,最大值出现在广安,达175mm。四川地区短时强降水事件开始时间的日变化特征表现为“V”型结构的夜间峰值位相,事件持续时段多为傍晚至凌晨,时长可达10h以上,最长甚至可持续22h。在强降水事件极值的日变化上,极大值频次和降水量呈单峰结构,在03时达到最大,其后逐渐减小至15时达到谷值,而后再次增大;降水强度呈弱双峰结构,分别在04时和16时达到谷值,13时和18时达到峰值,其日变化呈“增-减-增-减”的特征。四川短时强降水事件与复杂地形有密切的关系,5~6月事件活跃区在四川盆地中部,7月在盆地西部的龙门山脉一带,8月在雅安、乐山附近,9月在盆地北部且频次明显减少;短时强降水事件的最大小时雨强可达80mm以上,出现在7~8月的盆地西部龙门山一带和南部地区。短时强降水事件随着海拔高度的增加,发生频次和日数逐渐减少,海拔2000m以上地区基本无强降水发生日出现( 峨眉山气象站例外)。 相似文献
7.
基于临夏州2006—2018年4—9月自动气象站逐日小时降水量,在传统降水百分位法、Z指数法和平方根变换法3种方法中,确定了短时强降水阈值的最佳计算方法,在此基础上分析临夏州短时强降水的时空分布特征。平方根变换法确定的临夏州短时强降水阈值为14.6 mm·h^(-1)。临夏州短时强降水空间分布表现为自中南部分别向西北和东南减少,短时强降水年平均出现次数为7.3次,2018年出现次数最多;7—8月短时强降水出现频次最多,占短时强降水总频次的81.1%,8月达到最高峰,占总频次的55.8%;短时强降水日变化呈4峰分布,短时强降水主要出现在18:00—23:00,占短时强降水总频次的55.8%;小时最大降水量为55.8 mm,出现在22:00;短时强降水持续时间为1 h的占90.5%,同一时次出现1站次短时强降水的占93.3%,临夏州短时强降水多为阵发性,且空间分布多为孤立零散。 相似文献
8.
该文利用2010—2019年4—8月遵义13个国家站逐时地面降水观测资料,从年变化、月变化、日变化以及空间分布等多个角度进行统计,从不同等级雨强的时空分布进行分析,初步得出了遵义短时强降水事件的时空分布特征:①从短时强降水总频次的空间分布上看,东部发生频次较其余地区高;4月,发生频次地区差异小;5—8月,地区差异大。②从月分布来看,短时强降水高频中心有如下变化:4月集中在东北部、5月在南部和东南部、6月西移北抬到西部和中部、7月西移南压到西部和南部、8月东北移至东北部,高频中心的变化和副热带高压的南北位移有很好的对应。③从年分布来看,短时强降水事件平均每年发生49次,最多的是65次(2019年),最少的是33次(2017年)。4—6月事件频次迅速增加,6月到达峰值,6—8月事件频次开始逐渐减少,74.1%的短时强降水事件发生在夏季,尤其以6月份居多。④从日变化来看,08—13时短时强降水事件发生频次逐渐减少,13时达到一日中最低值,13—07时事件发生频次逐渐增加,有3个峰值,17—19时、20—22时和01—07时,期间有2个短暂的间歇期。4—7月白天平均发生频次较夜间少,8月反之。⑤6—8月是较高等级短时强降水事件的高发季节,尤其以6月份居多,但统计个例中≥70 mm/h的雨强却是在5月份出现。 相似文献
9.
2008～2016年重庆地区降水时空分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008~2016年国家气象信息中心提供的0.1°分辨率的中国地面与CMORPH融合逐小时降水产品,分析了重庆地区的降水时空分布特征,尤其是小时强降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)年均降水量总体呈西低东高分布,大值中心位于重庆东北和东南部,且存在一定的季节性差异,特别是夏季,西部降水明显增强,总降水呈两高(西部、东部)一低(中部)的分布;降水频次、降水强度与地形的相关性较高,海拔高度较高的山区(海拔高度>1000 m)降水频次多大于盆地和丘陵区(海拔高度<1000 m),降水强度与之相反,且小时强降水多发生在迎风坡前侧的过渡区域,说明高海拔区域易出现降水,但降水强度不强,而地形抬升则是触发强降水的重要原因,导致山前降水明显大于山峰。(2)重庆地区降水主要集中在5~9月,降水量、降水强度和小时强降水频次均呈单峰型分布,峰值出现在6~7月,降水频次呈双峰型分布,一个峰值出现在5~6月,另一个峰值出现在10月,7~8月为低频期,与副高控制下的连晴高温天气有关。(3)重庆地区降水存在明显的日变化特征,降水以夜雨为主,且降水峰值出现时间表现为向东延迟的特征,重庆西部日峰值出现在凌晨02:00(北京时,下同),中部出现在清晨05:00,东北部出现在早上08:00。从不同季节来看,春季、秋季和冬季降水日变化呈单峰型分布,主要集中在清晨,而夏季受午后局地对流性天气的影响,在下午17:00左右存在一个次峰值。(4)强降水的主要集中在夏季,在空间上存在三个大值中心,受西南涡及地形的相互作用,夏季在缙云山以西的盆地区域,小时强降水频次明显较高。 相似文献
10.
利用2014—2020年西安—咸阳机场高速公路(简称西咸高速公路)和西安—汉中高速公路(简称西汉高速公路)交通气象站和临近国家自动气象站的逐小时降水资料,分析了西咸、西汉高速公路降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:西咸、西汉高速公路年降水量和降水日数由北向南逐渐递增。夜雨量大于昼雨量,夜雨出现的时间长、强度大。5—10月降水量占全年的69%~91%,其中6、9月偏高较多。5—10月小雨降水日数最多,暴雨日数最少,暴雨月平均降水量和降水强度的最大值均出现在7、8月。西咸、西汉高速公路为夜间至清晨和午后降水峰值型。西汉高速短时强降水发生频次较多,而西咸高速公路的极端强降水发生频次明显多于西汉高速,各公路点1 h最大降水量均发生在7、8月。21:00—01:00高速公路的降水量和强度偏大,且西汉高速公路多为山路,滑坡、泥石流等灾害发生的风险增大,尤其发生在夜间,危害更大。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献