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1.
High-resolution mesoscale analysis data from the South China heavy rainfall experiment (SCHeREX): Data generation and quality evaluation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yunqi Ni Chunguang Cui Hongli Li Juxiang Peng Xuexing Qiu Yanxia Zhang Xiaolin Xu Mei Gao Lianshu Jie Wenhua Zhang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(4):478-493
In this study, the observational data acquired in the South China Heavy Rainfall Experiment (SCHeREX) from May to July 2008
and 2009 were integrated and assimilated with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Local Analysis
and Prediction System (LAPS; information available online at ). A high-resolution mesoscale analysis dataset was then generated at a spatial resolution of 5 km and a temporal resolution
of 3 h in four observational areas: South China, Central China, Jianghuai area, and Yangtze River Delta area. The quality
of this dataset was evaluated as follows. First, the dataset was qualitatively compared with radar reflectivity and TBB image
for specific heavy rainfall events so as to examine its capability in reproduction of mesoscale systems. The results show
that the SCHeREX analysis dataset has a strong capability in capturing severe mesoscale convective systems. Second, the mean
deviation and root mean square error of the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis fields were analyzed and compared with radiosonde data.
The results reveal that the errors of geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity, and wind of the SCHeREX analysis
were within the acceptable range of observation errors. In particular, the average error was 45 m for geopotential height
between 700 and 925 hPa, 1.0–1.1°C for temperature, less than 20% for relative humidity, 1.5–2.0 m s−1 for wind speed, and 20°–25° for wind direction. The above results clearly indicate that the SCHeREX mesoscale analysis dataset
is of high quality and sufficient reliability, and it is applicable to refined mesoscale weather studies. 相似文献
2.
利用WRF模式对美国NCEP发布的CFS气候预测业务产品在中国区域内进行动力降尺度预报,可得到预报时效为45天的逐6小时、30 km分辨率基础气象要素预测产品。再利用全国气象站观测资料和3个风电场70 m高度风速、温度观测资料对2015年冬季预测结果进行检验评估和分析,最后通过线性方法对地面要素预测结果和70 m高度风速、温度预测结果进行统计订正。结果表明:（1）2 m温度和相对湿度的全国预报平均绝对误差分别为4.71 ℃和18.81%,在华东、华中和华南地区误差较小;（2）10 m风速预报平均绝对误差为2.42 m/s,在东北、华北和西北地区误差较小;（3）线性订正后,2 m气温、相对湿度和10 m风速的预报绝对误差分别减小1.05 ℃、5.29%和1.47 m/s,并且订正后误差随时间变化更平稳;（4）订正后70 m高度风速和温度的预报绝对误差均减小,风速平均误差减小最大可达1.29 m/s（B塔）,气温平均绝对误差减小最大可达3 ℃（C塔）。研究结果表明,基于CFS产品和WRF模式的、与月尺度风电预报关系密切的气象要素预报性能较好,未来可将该方法尝试于风电场的月尺度功率预测产品研发。 相似文献
3.
利用四川达州站在701-400M探空系统向L波段雷达GTS1-2型电子探空仪系统转变时的对比观测资料进行了评估分析。结果表明:温度平均差值为-0.28℃,200hPa以下平均差值为-0.05℃,200hPa以上平均差值为-0.52℃,换型带来的温度变化还是明显的;直接差异的80.1%在-1.0~1.0℃间。位势高度平均差值为-7.63gpm,100hPa以下高度平均偏低-1.13gpm,100hPa以上高度平均偏低-19.57gpm,换型带来的位势高度变化还是明显的;直接差异的89.0%在-50~10gpm间。湿度平均差值为-2%,直接差异的87.2%在-20%~10%间。风向平均差值为1.0°,直接差异的80.1%在-10°~10°间。风速平均差值为0.3m/s,直接差异的95.0%在-5~5m/s间。就平均差值来看,温度、位势高度、湿度是L波段系统所测值低于701-400 M系统所测值,而风向、风速则反之。换型造成各要素差异的峰值还是较大。由于两套系统所使用的设备、探空仪的制造、测量精度、施放、接收等方面的不同,都会引起测量值出现差异,但对各要素的影响确有所不同。 相似文献
4.
A Diagnostic and Numerical Study on a Rainstorm in South China Induced by a Northward-Propagating Tropical System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A strong cyclonic wind perturbation generated in the northern South China Sea （SCS） moved northward quickly and developed into a mesoscale vortex in southwest Guangdong Province, and then merged with a southward-moving shear line from mid latitudes in the period of 21-22 May 2006, during which three strong mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） formed and brought about torrential rain or even cloudburst in South China. With the 1° ×1° NCEP （National Centers for Environment Prediction） reanalysis data and the Weather and Research Forecast （WRF） mesoscale model, a numerical simulation, a potential vorticity inversion analysis, and some sensitivity experiments are carried out to reveal the formation mechanism of this rainfall event. In the meantime, conventional observations, satellite images, and the WRF model outputs are also utilized to perform a preliminary dynamic and thermodynamic diagnostic analysis of the rainstorm systems. It is found that the torrential rain occurred in favorable synoptic conditions such as warm and moist environment, low lifting condensation level, and high convective instability. The moisture transport by strong southerly winds associated with the rapid northward advance of the cyclonic wind perturbation over the northern SCS provided the warm and moist condition for the formation of the excessive rain. Under the dynamic steering of a southwesterly flow ahead of a north trough and that on the southwest side of the West Pacific subtropical high, the mesoscale vortex （or the cyclonic wind perturbation）, after its genesis, moved northward and brought about enormous rain in most parts of Guangdong Province through providing certain lifting forcing for the triggering of mesoscale convection. During the development of the mesoscale vortex, heavy rainfall was to a certain extent enhanced by the mesoscale topography of the Yunwu Mountain in Guangdong. The effect of the Yunwu Mountain is found to vary under different prevailing wind directions and intensities. The location o 相似文献
5.
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用中尺度模式MM5及诊断风场模型CALMET,对2009年6月—2010年5月甘肃省酒泉地区风能资源进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,远离山体且地势平坦的地区,模拟的风速与实测风速的误差较小,地形复杂的地区误差偏大。用于对比的10座风塔中有7座在70m高度处的相对误差基本在10%以内,3座相对误差稍大但都在20%以内。风速和风功率密度的季节变化在春季最大,冬、秋季次之,夏季最小。这种季节变化与地形地势及所受的天气系统有密切联系。在酒泉地区随着高度的增加,风速逐渐加大;在河西走廊西端和酒泉北部等海拔较低的地区风速随高度增加的趋势尤为明显。通过对模拟年度风速误差的分析,得到模拟年度在酒泉地区属于大风年,若分析酒泉地区多年平均风况,还需要对模拟结果进行订正。 相似文献
6.
模式再分析与实际探空资料的对比分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用2007年11月—2008年11月美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气中心(NCAR)的全球再分析资料与阜阳和安庆探空站的高空资料,对NCEP资料进行垂直的拉格朗日插值和水平的双线性插值后,对比分析了模式再分析与探空资料的一致性。结果表明:探空资料和NCEP资料中温度、相对湿度、u风和v风4种气象要素的绝对差值随地点、高度和季节变化较小,0.5～8 km基本稳定在一定的范围内:温度相差0.5～1.0℃,相对湿度相差5%～15%,u风和v风分别相差1～3 m/s和1～4 m/s。但值得注意的是近地面(0.5 km以下)二者差异相对较大。对比结果验证了利用模式探空资料来分析无实际探空资料地区上空气象参量变化特征的可行性。 相似文献
7.
The AREMv2.3 mesoscale numerical model is used to explore storm processes in South China during the pre-rainy season in 2006 by imposing perturbations on the initial fields of physical variables (temperature, humidity, and wind fields). Sensitivity experiments are performed to examine the impacts of initial uncertainties on precipitation, on the error growth, and on the predictability of mesoscale precipitation in South China. The primary conclusion is that inherent initial condition uncertainties can signi... 相似文献
8.
系留气艇探测风速的误差订正及其应用评估 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
使用系留气艇探空系统在常州、苏州、南京市区对边界层风速、温度、湿度廓线进行了观测,原始数据表明探测结果存在明显的系统误差。本文主要讨论风速订正问题,分析发现风速误差与高度和风速有关,据此提出了依据高度和依据风速的两种订正方案。对比结果表明:两种方案都能有效修正系留气艇测量风速的系统误差,高度订正方案表现更好。本文还用订正后的系留气艇探测结果与苏州市气象局的风廓线雷达资料进行对比,结果显示风廓线雷达探测结果在500 m以下系统偏小。 相似文献
9.
基于WRF和CFD软件结合的风能资源数值模拟试验研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
运用中尺度数值模式WRF与法国CFD软件MeteodynwT相结合的方法（WRF／WT）,进行了广东省海陵岛地区的水平分辨率100m×100m的风能资源数值模拟试验,采用海陵岛上7座测风塔观测资料对WRF／WT模式的模拟风场进行误差检验,并与WRF／WAsP模式系统对单点风能参数模拟误差进行对比,研究WRF／WT模式系统在风电场微观选址和分散式风电开发利用中应用的可行性。结果表明：中尺度模式与CFD软件结合的数值模拟方法对区域风能资源分布趋势的模拟比单纯应用CFD软件更准确;WRF／WT模式系统应用于复杂地形风能资源数值模拟评估是可行的,其对区域风能资源参数分布模拟的准确率与WRF／WAsP对2km范围内风能资源参数模拟的准确率相当;WRF／WT模式系统在风速频率分布不满足Weibull分布的情况下和陡峭地形条件下有较好的模拟效果,相对WRF／wAsP有明显优势。今后需进一步研究中尺度模式与CFD软件的衔接方法,以及对中尺度模式模拟结果的误差订正。 相似文献
10.
A mesoscale boundary-layer model is used to simulate low-level regional wind fields over the La Plata River of South America, a region characterized by a strong daily cycle of land–river surface-temperature contrast and low-level circulations of sea–land breeze type. The initial and boundary conditions are defined from a limited number of local observations and the upper boundary condition is taken from the only radiosonde observations available in the region. The study considers 14 different upper boundary conditions defined from the radiosonde data at standard levels, significant levels, level of the inversion base and interpolated levels at fixed heights, all of them within the first 1500 m. The period of analysis is 1994–2008 during which eight daily observations from 13 weather stations of the region are used to validate the 24-h surface-wind forecast. The model errors are defined as the root-mean-square of relative error in wind-direction frequency distribution and mean wind speed per wind sector. Wind-direction errors are greater than wind-speed errors and show significant dispersion among the different upper boundary conditions, not present in wind speed, revealing a sensitivity to the initialization method. The wind-direction errors show a well-defined daily cycle, not evident in wind speed, with the minimum at noon and the maximum at dusk, but no systematic deterioration with time. The errors grow with the height of the upper boundary condition level, in particular wind direction, and double the errors obtained when the upper boundary condition is defined from the lower levels. The conclusion is that defining the model upper boundary condition from radiosonde data closer to the ground minimizes the low-level wind-field errors throughout the region. 相似文献
11.
Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) observations have been widely used in numerical weather prediction (NWP) because of its high spatiotemporal resolution. The observational error of AMDAR is influenced by aircraft flight altitude and atmospheric condition. In this study, the wind speed and altitude dependent observational error of AMDAR is estimated. The statistical results show that the temperature and the observational error in wind speeds slightly decrease as altitude increases, and the observational error in wind speed increases as wind speed increases. Pseudo single AMDAR observation assimilation tests demonstrate that the wind speed and altitude dependent observational error can provide more reasonable analysis increment. Furthermore, to assess the performance of wind speed and altitude dependent observational error on data assimilation and forecasting, two-month 3-hourly cycling data assimilation and forecast experiments based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and its Data Assimilation system (WRFDA) are performed for the period during 1 September-31 October, 2017. The results of the two-month 3-hourly cycling experiments indicate that new observational error improves analysis and forecast of wind field and geo-potential height, and has slight improvements on temperature. The Fractions Skill Score (FSS) of the 6-h accumulated precipitation shows that new wind speed and altitude dependent observational error leads to better precipitation forecast skill than the default observational error in the WRFDA does. 相似文献
12.
风力发电作为一种无污染可再生的能源,已逐渐成为许多国家能源战略可持续发展的重要组成部分。风电场风能预报是风力发电开发中的关键技术问题。为研究鄱阳湖区风力发电预报技术,采用中尺度模式WRF和微尺度模块CALMET对鄱阳湖区长岭风电场进行了200 m水平分辨率风能预报,并根据长岭机组理论功率曲线表和实测数据拟合出理论和实际发电机组功率曲线模型及平均有功功率与发电量模型。根据WRF+CALMET模式预报风速及建立的发电机组功率曲线模型和平均有功功率与发电量模型,预报了长岭风电场发电量。结果表明:长岭风电场23座风机逐小时风速预报值与观测值相关系数为0.42~0.61,均方根误差为2.59~3.68,相对误差为-13.7%~17.4%;对整个风场,预报风速与观测风速的相关系数为0.55,均方根误差为2.8,相对误差为-4.79%。实测发电量值高于预报值,平均偏大39.7 kW,相对误差为-12.6%,预报值与实测值相关性较好,相关系数达到0.52。总体来说,根据中尺度数值模式预报的风速结合风功率、发电量模型预测出的发电量与实测值较为接近,但各月差异性较大。 相似文献
13.
基于雷达资料快速更新四维变分同化（RR4DVar）技术和三维数值云模式发展的快速更新雷达四维变分分析系统（VDRAS）,通过在系统中加入地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法,对发生在北京地区的10个强对流过程开展了地面资料同化的高分辨率模拟分析和检验评估,并与已经业务使用的地面资料融合方法进行对比。研究结果发现,地面观测资料同化使边界层1 km高度以下的分析场改善最为明显,风速和风向的均方根误差分别平均降低0.1 m/s和7.2°,温度的均方根误差降低0.2℃。模式最低层100 m高度的风速均方根误差降低0.5 m/s,风速的误差随高度上升逐渐增大。模式最低层风向的均方根误差降低15.5°,温度的均方根误差降低0.4℃,且1.5 km高度以下的温度偏差都减小。区域内地面10 m高风速的均方根误差平均降低0.2 m/s,风向的均方根误差降低10.8°,地面2 m气温的偏差也降低。随着预报时效的延长,地面温度和风场的误差不断增大,但地面资料同化方法在一定程度上可以提高1 h内地面气象要素的预报效果。对2019年5月17日北京地区局地强对流新生和增强过程的详细分析表明,地面自动气象站观测资料的同化方法相对于融合,可以通过更细致准确地分析低层大气的热动力特征,改善低层气象要素的预报效果。在此基础上,通过探究对流单体的局地触发机理发现,海风锋辐合线与城市的相互作用一定程度上影响了对流的局地新生和发展,该同化方法可以进一步提高北京地区局地突发强对流的临近数值预报能力。 相似文献
14.
利用1981—2020年中国热带气旋最佳路径数据集、中国大气再分析资料(CMA-RA)、欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA5及美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(NCEP-Ⅰ),对比不同资料在表征影响南海热带气旋活动环流背景的能力,探讨CMA-RA的适用性。结果表明:不同资料基本刻画出与热带气旋活动密切相关的环流特征,包括南方涛动、菲律宾至南海低层纬向风、热带低层纬向风反向分布型、菲律宾至南海中东部低层涡度、热带西太平洋垂直风切变及南海至菲律宾以东海域中层湿度。它们对南方涛动、关键区纬向风和中层湿度的刻画较相似,CMA-RA和ERA5对南方涛动、低层纬向风及其与热带气旋关系的描述一致性高,较NCEP-Ⅰ密切,但低层经向风、关键物理量差异较大。对极端年环流具有相似的表现能力,但异常程度存在差异,海平面气压、低层纬向风高度一致,以CMA-RA与ERA5最接近;中层湿度CMA-RA与ERA5接近,较NCEP-Ⅰ偏小;关键物理量差异较大。CMA-RA对南海热带气旋环流的刻画具有与ERA5和NCEP-Ⅰ相当的性能,并与ERA5一致性较高,可为相关工作提供可替换的再分析资料集。 相似文献
15.
为了提高GRAPES_3 km（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System）模式在2018年平昌冬奥会气象服务中的预报能力,采用一阶自适应的卡尔曼滤波方法对GRAPES_3 km模式的2 m气温、2 m相对湿度和10 m风开展偏差订正。结果表明:偏差订正方法明显提高了地面要素的预报效果,其中2 m气温的均方根误差整体减小到2℃左右,站点订正改善率为10%~60%;10 m风速的均方根误差减小到2 m·s-1左右,站点订正改善率为10%~45%;2 m相对湿度减小到20%以下,站点订正改善率为0~20%。与韩国气象厅LDAPS（Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System）及美国宇航局NU-WRF（NASA-Unified WRF）模式相比,GRAPES_3 km模式的风速预报表现更为优异,各站点整体预报效果明显优于LDAPS和NU-WRF模式。偏差订正方法可有效改善模式在复杂地形条件下的预报能力,是提高精细化预报准确率的重要手段。 相似文献
16.
针对GRAPES_Meso V3.0存在的降水量偏大、模式运行不稳定、近地面温度预报偏差较大、可同化资料偏少以及分辨率偏低等问题,开展了多方面的改进工作:引入变分质量控制以及探空湿度的偏差订正,实现了GPS/PW资料、FY-2E云导风资料以及无线电掩星资料的同化应用,提高了模式分辨率,引入四阶水平扩散方案,调整了微物理参数化方案与动力框架的耦合方案,完善了地面辐射能量平衡方程以及优化了后处理雷达组合反射率因子的诊断方案,并集成所有改进成果形成新的业务化GRAPES_Meso V4.0。批量试验结果表明:GRAPES_Meso V4.0降水ETS评分普遍提高,同时预报偏差明显降低,月平均降水更接近实况,且能够较好地刻画雨带细节;2 m温度预报偏差有较为显著的改善,大部分地区24 h预报有1~2℃左右的降低,有些地区有3~5℃的降低;GRAPES_Meso V4.0对高度场、温度场和风场的改进效果比较显著,500 hPa的温度、风速、位势高度场的相关系数均有显著提高,850 hPa的均方根误差也明显降低,整体性能明显高于GRAPES_Meso V3.0。 相似文献
17.
卫星反演湿度场及其在暴雨预报中的初步应用分析 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
文中分别用两套相对湿度初始场方案 ,对 5个暴雨个例进行了预报对比试验 ,探讨了利用GMS- 5卫星图象反演的高分辨率湿度场资料改进初始场 ,以提高暴雨中尺度数值预报水平的可能性。结果表明 :( 1 )引入卫星反演湿度场能较好地反映出实际湿度场的水平中尺度结构 ,尤其是有效地增强了对降水有重要影响的高湿区的分析 ,且与实际探空资料更为接近 ;( 2 )引入卫星反演湿度场资料改进初始场一般会使 2 4 h的降水预报评分有所提高 ,特别是具有使预报前期 ( 0～ 6h)的降水场向观测场逼近的作用 ,但对预报后期 ( 6～ 2 4 h)降水场的影响具有不确定性。 相似文献
18.
Tao Li Xiaogu Zheng Yongjiu Dai Chi Yang Zhuoqi Chen Shupeng Zhang Guocan Wu Zhonglei Wang Chengcheng Huang Yan Shen Rongwei Liao 《大气科学进展》2014,31(5):1127-1135
As part of a joint effort to construct an atmospheric forcing dataset for mainland China with high spatiotemporal reso- lution, a new approach is proposed to construct gridded near-surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and surface pressure with a resolution of 1 km× 1 km. The approach comprises two steps： （1） fit a partial thin-plate smoothing spline with orography and reanalysis data as explanatory variables to ground-based observations for estimating a trend surface; （2） apply a simple kriging procedure to the residual for trend surface correction. The proposed approach is applied to observations collected at approximately 700 stations over mainland China. The generated forcing fields are compared with the corresponding components of the National Centers for Environmental Predic- tion （NCEP） Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset and the Princeton meteorological forcing dataset. The comparison shows that, both within the station network and within the resolutions of the two gridded datasets, the interpolation errors of the proposed approach are markedly smaller than the two gridded datasets. 相似文献
19.
基于中国科学院南海海洋研究所提供的2012年1月1日—2013年12月31日西沙自动气象站观测资料以及同时间序列的欧洲中心ERA-interim再分析风场产品,统计了ASCAT和HY-2A散射计风场产品的误差特征,分析散射计资料在南海的适用性。分析得出:ASCAT和HY-2A的风速、风向与自动站一致性高,相关系数均大于0.85,ASCAT风速和风向均方根误差分别为1.57 m/s和15.42 °,HY-2A均方根误差略微偏大,分别为2.02 m/s和24.75 °;ASCAT和HY-2A散射计与ERA-interim风速、风向有很好的一致性,在不考虑低风速（ < 3 m/s）的条件下,风速均方根误差分别为1.40 m/s和1.56 m/s,风向均方根误差分别为15.09 °和17.07 °,与设计精度一致,表明ASCAT与HY-2A风场产品在南海是适用的。此外,散射计相对再分析风场的偏差没有明显的季节性变化 相似文献
20.
探空和飞机观测资料联合同化对台风“苏迪罗”（2015）数值模拟的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
基于中尺度数值天气预报模式WRF和WRFDA三维变分同化系统,针对2015年台风“苏迪罗”二次登陆过程,利用NCEP ADP提供的无线电探空、飞机报观测资料,同时同化两种资料,并进行36 h模拟预报,从台风移动路径、强度、降水及模式初始场改进等方面分析了同化模拟效果。结果表明,同时同化两种资料能够有效改善台风移动路径、中心附近最低气压的模拟。对浙闽降水关键区24 h降水的TS评分结果表明,该同化方案对台风降水的预报评分有一定程度的改进,尤其是中雨和特大暴雨的改进最明显。对于模式初始场的温度、相对湿度、纬向风、经向风在各高度上的均方根误差,除湿度外均有不同程度的减小。并且同化对于台风结构的模拟也有所调整。 相似文献