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1.
Solar radiation is an important energy source for plants on the earth and also a major component of the global energy balance. Variations in solar radiation incident at the earth’s surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment, including the climate change. To provide useful information for predicting the future climate change in China, distinctive regional features in spatial and temporal variations of the surface solar radiation (SSR) and corresponding attributions (such as cloud and aer...  相似文献   

2.
The long-term trends of total surface solar radiation(SSR),surface diffuse radiation,and surface air temperature were analyzed in this study based on updated 48-yr data from 55 observational stations in China,and then the correlation between SSR and the diurnal temperature range(DTR) was studied.The effect of total solar radiation on surface air temperature in China was investigated on the basis of the above analyses.A strong correlation between SSR and DTR was found for the period 1961-2008 in China.The highest correlation and steepest regression line slope occurred in winter,indicating that the solar radiation effect on DTR was the largest in this season.Clouds and water vapor have strong influences on both SSR and DTR,and hence on their relationship.The largest correlations between SSR and DTR occurred in wintertime in northern China,regardless of all-day(including clear days and cloudy days) or clear-day cases.Our results also showed that radiation arriving at the surface in China decreased significantly during 1961-1989(dimming period),but began to increase during 1990-2008(brightening period),in agreement with previous global studies.The reduction of total SSR offset partially the greenhouse warming during 1961-1989.However,with the increase of SSR after 1990,this offsetting effect vanished;on the contrary,it even made a contribution to the accelerated warming.Nonetheless,the greenhouse warming still played a controlling role because of the increasing of minimum and mean surface temperatures in the whole study period of 1961-2008.We estimated that the greenhouse gases alone may have caused surface temperatures to rise by 0.31-0.46℃(10 yr) 1 during 1961-2008,which is higher than previously estimated.Analysis of the corresponding changes in total solar radiation,diffuse radiation,and total cloud cover indicated that the dimming and brightening phenomena in China were likely attributable to increases in absorptive and scattering aerosols in the atmosphere,respectively.  相似文献   

3.
1961～2007年西北地区地面太阳辐射长期变化特征研究   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  
利用西北地区16个甲级辐射站1961～2007年的总辐射资料,和1961～1992年的直接辐射、散射辐射资料,研究该地区地面太阳辐射的长期变化特征。发现,从1961～2007年总辐射的长期变化经历了"维持"、"变暗"、"变亮"和"回落"4个阶段。其中从70年代至80年代中期总辐射持续"变暗",之后开始转折"变亮"。"变亮"过程持续到90年代中期基本停止,之后振荡"回落"。各个季节总辐射的长期变化都表现出"变暗"和"变亮"这两个明显特征,其中冬季的"变暗"过程持续时间最长,"变亮"过程持续时间最短。从1961～1992年,直接辐射的变化过程为先下降后回升,散射辐射则是先上升后下降,两者的变化趋势和相对幅度决定了总辐射在不同阶段的变化趋势。60年代至80年代中期是西北地区直接辐射下降的主要时期,直接辐射和日照时数的下降过程具有地域性和季节性差异,表现为省会城市和冬季的下降百分率最显著。这种特征表明气溶胶排放的增加或许是影响该地区直接辐射和日照时数减小的因子之一。  相似文献   

4.
基于我国100个地面站点的地面太阳总辐射、日平均云量资料分析1961～2009年我国地面太阳辐射(Surface Solar Radiation,SSR)变化特征及云在不同时期对SSR的影响。结果显示:1961～2009年我国SSR经历了先下降后上升的变化过程,其中1961～1990年SSR显著下降("变暗"),下降速率为-4.3%/10 a(7.87 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势比较一致;1990年后SSR开始上升("变亮"),上升速率为2.8%/10 a(2.4 W m–2(10 a)–1),各地SSR变化趋势不如前一阶段一致,但没有显著的地域分布特征。晴空条件的设置对1961～1990年各站点SSR变化特征影响不大,仍为大范围下降("变暗"),但对1990～2009年的结果影响显著。相比全天空条件的结果,晴空条件下1990～2009年我国SSR变化有明显的南北特征,南方地区以"变亮"为主,而北方地区大多继续"变暗",但"变暗"速度减缓。1961～1990年我国总云量总体呈小幅下降趋势,下降速率很慢,这一时期总云量与全天空SSR没有很好的对应关系;1990～2009年我国总云量总体呈小幅上升趋势,有显著的南北分布差异,北方地区以上升趋势为主,南方地区以下降趋势为主,期间云量与全天空情况下SSR有很好的对应关系。这些结果表明,在"变暗"阶段,云对SSR的作用不显著,而在"变亮"阶段,云的作用变得较为突出。  相似文献   

5.
Observations indicate that solar radiation incident at the Earth surface underwent substantial decadal variations in the second half of the twentieth century, with a tendency towards reduction from the 1950s to the 1980s (“global dimming”) and a partial recovery thereafter (“brightening”) at widespread locations. The most reliable observational records from the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) are used to evaluate the ability of the climate models participating in CMIP3/IPCC-AR4 as well as the ERA40 reanalysis to reproduce these decadal variations. The results from 23 models and reanalysis are analyzed in five different climatic regions where strong decadal variations in surface solar radiation (SSR) have been observed. Only about half of the models are capable of reproducing the observed decadal variations in a qualitative way, and all models show much smaller amplitudes in these variations than seen in the observations. Largely differing tendencies between the models are not only found under all-sky conditions, but also in cloud-free conditions and in the representation of cloud effects. The ERA40 reanalysis neither reproduces the major decadal variations in SSR, despite strong observational constraints on the temporal evolution of the state of the atmosphere, since time varying aerosol loadings are missing. Climate models and reanalyses are therefore not yet at a stage to provide regionally consistent estimates of decadal changes in SSR. Reproduction of these changes would be essential for an adequate representation of regional scale climate variations and impacts, and short-term (decadal) climate projections.  相似文献   

6.
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) with an average elevation of over 4,000 m asl is the highest and most extensive highland in the world. We used monthly mean sunshine duration from the Chinese Meteorological Administration to examine the spatial and temporal variability of sunshine duration at 71 stations with elevations above 2,000 m asl in the eastern and central TP during the 1961–2005 period. The temporal evolution of the mean annual sunshine duration series shows a significant increase from 1961 to 1982 at a rate of 49.8 h/decade, followed by a decrease from 1983 to 2005 at a rate of ?65.1 h/decade, with an overall significant decrease at a rate of ?20.6 h/decade during the whole 1961–2005 period, which is mainly due to the summer and spring seasons. This confirms the evidence that sunshine duration in the TP ranges from brightening to dimming in accordance with sunshine duration trends in the rest of China. The surface solar radiation downwards from ERA-40 reanalysis data in the same region confirms the brightening/dimming phenomenon shown by the sunshine duration before/after the 1980s. Otherwise, additional climatic variables such as low cloud amount, total cloud amount, precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure, in most cases, exhibit significant negative correlation with sunshine duration in the TP on an annual and seasonal basis before and after 1982, respectively. The trends of these variables suggest that changes in some of them might be related to the brightening and dimming detected with the use of sunshine duration measurements over the TP. We also hypothesize that the impact of anthropogenic aerosols upon the climatic variables analyzed cannot be rejected, especially in the significant increase in low cloud cover since approximately 1980.  相似文献   

7.
Surface solar radiation(SSR) is a key component of the energy budget of the Earth’s surface, and it varies at different spatial and temporal scales. Considerable knowledge of how and why SSR varies is crucial to a better understanding of climate change, which surely requires long-term measurements of high quality. The objective of this study is to introduce a value-added SSR dataset from Oct 2004 to Oct 2019 based on measurements taken at Xianghe, a suburban site in the North China Plain; two va...  相似文献   

8.
我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射变化规律   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
为进一步探讨我国地面太阳辐射的变化规律及其原因,选择我国南方中东部地区,利用该区域1961—2007年33个站点的地面太阳总辐射资料,结合云量、大气水汽含量和能见度等观测资料,综合研究该区域地面太阳总辐射的变化规律及其原因。结果表明:1961—1989年,我国南方中东部地区地面太阳总辐射呈下降趋势,之后发生逆转,1995年后其变化趋于缓和,1961—2007年总体呈现变暗—变亮—变缓的趋势。究其原因,该区域云量平均值由峰入谷、云量下降速率由快变慢可能是产生此变化趋势的原因之一;其次,20世纪80年代到21世纪初,气溶胶光学厚度上升趋势减缓,气溶胶地面辐射强迫变化趋于缓和,某些区域甚至出现下降,也导致部分站点地面太阳总辐射由暗变亮。  相似文献   

9.
This work presents evidence that ultraviolet (UV)-A solar irradiances show increasing trends at Thessaloniki, Greece, where air quality has been improving because of air pollution abatement strategies. In contrast, over Beijing, China, where air quality measures were taken later, solar brightening was delayed. It is shown that until the early 1990s, UV-A irradiances over Thessaloniki show a downward trend of –0.5% yr−1, which reverses sign and becomes positive in the last decade (+0.8% yr−1). This brightening is related to a decreasing trend in local aerosol amounts. Both the negative rate of change (dimming) and the positive rate of change (brightening) are amplified in the UV-A solar irradiances, compared with the total solar irradiance, by a factor of 2.6. Satellite derived short-wave radiation over Beijing showed negative changes of –0.4% (1984–1991) and –0.1% yr−1 during 1994–2006. The negative trend in solar radiation continued even during 2000–2006. Satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) increased by +1.0% yr−1 during 2000–2006, in agreement with in situ measurements of increasing AOD. Therefore, a statistically significant change from dimming to brightening in Beijing could not be seen in the last decade, but it is expected to occur in the near future.  相似文献   

10.
气候变化对内蒙古小叶杨叶芽开放期的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
利用趋势倾向率等统计分析方法,对内蒙古气候(1961—2006年)和小叶杨叶芽开放期(1981—2006年)的变化趋势进行了分析,并探讨小叶杨叶芽开放期与不同时段的气温、降水、日照的相关性以及气候因子的综合作用。分析发现:内蒙古地区小叶杨叶芽开放期变化趋势表现出强烈的地域差异。小叶杨平均叶芽开放期孪井滩最早,鄂温克最晚,两地相差39 d;各地区小叶杨叶芽开放期的变化趋势基本一致,除额尔古纳呈提前趋势外,其他地区表现出延迟趋势;小叶杨叶芽开放期与春季气温均呈显著负相关,即春季气温升高,小叶杨叶芽开放期提前,与降水和日照的相关性不显著;在日照充足的内蒙古地区气温和降水共同影响着小叶杨叶芽开放期的变化。  相似文献   

11.
华南地面太阳辐射状况及其转折特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
利用华南地区1961—2003年的太阳总辐射、直接辐射和散射辐射资料分析了该地区地面太阳辐射状况,包括年际变化和季节变化,重点分析了该地区太阳总辐射在1980—1990年代期间的转折过程,并与全国平均状况进行对比。结果表明：1961—2003年,华南地区的总辐射和直接辐射整体呈下降趋势,散射辐射的变化不显著,与全国平均辐射状况的变化趋势一致。1983年之前,华南总辐射处于迅速下降阶段,之后发生转折开始回升,至2001年前后已经恢复到平均水平。华南地区总辐射和散射辐射的季节变化非常明显,夏季最高,春秋两季次之,冬季最低,一年中散射辐射的最高和最低值相比总辐射提前一个月出现。另外,结合云量和能见度资料初步分析了广州市地面太阳辐射的变化和转折过程,表明广州地面太阳总辐射的下降及转折过程主要与该地区的大气清洁程度相关。  相似文献   

12.
以中国华北地区五大城市办公建筑为例,利用1961—2017年气象数据和TRNSYS软件模拟的供热制冷负荷数据,评估了气候变化背景下华北地区建筑供热制冷负荷的变化。在此基础上,对模拟负荷和气象要素进行多元线性逐步回归分析,揭示了影响建筑供热、制冷负荷的主要气象因子。结果表明：1961—2017年中国华北五大城市供热负荷均呈下降趋势,降幅为0.05（石家庄）—0.13 kWh·m-2·（10 a）-1（呼和浩特）;各城市制冷负荷的变化不同,仅呼和浩特为增多,增幅为0.04 kWh·m-2·（10 a）-1,其余城市制冷负荷无明显变化;从总负荷来看,各城市均呈下降趋势,降幅为0.05（太原）—0.10 kWh·m-2·（10 a）-1（呼和浩特）。由供热制冷负荷与气象要素的回归分析可知,冬季供热负荷主要受气温影响,五大城市的显著增温导致供热负荷减少;与此不同,夏季制冷负荷主要受气温、太阳辐射的共同影响,呼和浩特平均气温和太阳辐射均呈显著上升趋势,导致其制冷负荷显著增加。其他城市气温显著升高,而太阳辐射显著降低,二者的综合作用导致制冷负荷没有明显的变化趋势。总体来看,在气候变暖背景下,中国华北地区冬季供热负荷明显降低,而夏季制冷负荷并未明显增加,导致总负荷显著降低,气候变暖总体上对建筑节能有利。  相似文献   

13.
RegCM4.3, a high-resolution regional climate model, which includes five kinds of aerosols(dust, sea salt,sulfate, black carbon and organic carbon), is employed to simulate the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) from 1995 to 2010 and the simulation data are used to study the possible impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on EASM.The results show that the regional climate model can well simulate the EASM and the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols. The EASM index is reduced by about 5% by the natural and anthropogenic aerosols and the monsoon onset time is also delayed by about a pentad except for Southeast China. The aerosols heat the middle atmosphere through absorbing solar radiation and the air column expands in Southeast China and its offshore areas. As a result, the geopotential height decreases and a cyclonic circulation anomaly is generated in the lower atmosphere. Northerly wind located in the west of cyclonic circulation weakens the low-level southerly wind in the EASM region. Negative surface radiative forcing due to aerosols causes downward motion and an indirect meridional circulation is formed with the low-level northerly wind and high-level southerly wind anomaly in the north of 25° N in the monsoon area, which weakens the vertical circulation of EASM. The summer precipitation of the monsoon region is significantly reduced,especially in North and Southwest China where the value of moisture flux divergence increases.  相似文献   

14.
人为气溶胶对中国东部冬季风影响的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
采用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的公共大气模式CAM5.1研究了人为气溶胶排放增加对中国东部冬季风的影响,同时通过对比中国东部地区不同人为气溶胶排放源的敏感性试验结果,探讨了人为硫酸盐、黑碳及总人为气溶胶(硫酸盐+黑碳)增加对东亚冬季风的影响。结果表明:冬季硫酸盐气溶胶排放增加的直接和第一间接效应减少了到达地表的短波辐射通量,引起了陆地地表和对流层低层降温,海平面气压升高,增加了海陆间气压梯度,使得东亚冬季风增强。其第二间接效应导致中国南部大尺度降水率减少;黑碳气溶胶排放增加导致到达地表的短波辐射通量减少和大气中短波辐射通量增加,其半直接效应部分抵消了直接效应,故地表温度变化微小且不显著。加热的对流层低层导致中国南部对流活动和对流降水率增加;总人为气溶胶排放增加导致的大气温度变化表现为弱的降温作用,引起中国北部对流和大尺度降水率减少,而南部对流降水率增加。总人为气溶胶和黑碳气溶胶排放增加是导致中国北(南)部的东亚冬季风增强(减弱)的重要因素。  相似文献   

15.
基于长江流域147个站点的气象数据,利用气候学计算方法估算1960年以来的太阳总辐射数据,运用线性回归和相关分析等方法,探讨1960年以来太阳总辐射在长江流域的时空变化特征,并分析太阳总辐射的影响因子.结果表明:太阳总辐射在整个长江流域(除去上游源头区金沙江流域)自东向西递减,且上游地区变化波动大,中下游地区下降趋势显著;自1960年以来太阳总辐射在长江流域呈现下降趋势,1990年以后开始呈现上升趋势;近50a来太阳总辐射的减少趋势与云量和大气水汽含量没有显著相关性.  相似文献   

16.
东亚夏季风可显著影响中国季风区气候变化,但是季风区植被净初级生产力(NPP)对夏季风气候变化的响应机理尚不明确。利用大气—植被相互作用模型(AVIM2)模拟了中国季风区植被NPP,分析了其与夏季风指数的相关关系,探讨了其对夏季风变化的响应机理。研究发现,我国南、北方植被对夏季风强度变化的响应方式和机理并不相同。强夏季风年北方植被NPP增加,而南方植被NPP减少。东亚夏季风对中国华北平原植被生长季NPP的作用主要是通过影响该地降水量实现的;京、津、冀地区植被NPP受东亚夏季风带来的气温和降水量变化的叠加影响,因而成为北方对夏季风变化最敏感的区域。东亚夏季风对我国南方江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北、江西植被NPP的作用是通过影响太阳辐射实现的,强夏季风导致太阳辐射减弱,从而使各省植被NPP减少。南方沿海的浙江和福建,强季风年带来的弱太阳辐射和低温是该地植被NPP减少的原因。广东、台湾植被NPP则主要受强夏季风带来的低温影响。  相似文献   

17.
Surface solar radiation (SSR) can affect climate, the hydrological cycle, plant photosynthesis, and solar power. The values of solar radiation at the surface reflect the influence of human activity on radiative climate and environmental effects, so it is a key parameter in the evaluation of climate change and air pollution due to anthropogenic disturbances. This study presents the characteristics of the SSR variation in Nanjing, China, from March 2016 to June 2017, using a combined set of pyranometer and pyrheliometer observations. The SSR seasonal variation and statistical properties are investigated and characterized under different air pollution levels and visibilities. We discuss seasonal variations in visibility, air quality index (AQI), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and their correlations with SSR. The scattering of solar radiation by particulate matter varies significantly with particle size. Compared with the particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5?10), we found that the PM2.5 dominates the variation of scattered radiation due to the differences of single-scattering albedo and phase function. Because of the correlation between PM2.5 and SSR, it is an effective and direct method to estimate PM2.5 by the value of SSR, or vice versa to obtain the SSR by the value of PM2.5. Under clear-sky conditions (clearness index ≥0.5), the visibility is negatively correlated with the diffuse fraction, AQI, PM10, and PM2.5, and their correlation coefficients are ?0.50, ?0.60, ?0.76, and ?0.92, respectively. The results indicate the linkage between scattered radiation and air quality through the value of visibility.  相似文献   

18.
1961-2007年云南太阳总辐射时空变化特征   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文
根据云南省7个辐射站太阳总辐射资料和113个台站日照百分率资料,建立了1961-2007年全省太阳总辐射时间序列,运用旋转主分量方法将全省分为4个区,并在此基础上研究云南太阳总辐射的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明：云南太阳总辐射呈中部多,西南部次之,东部及西北部少的分布特征。1961-2007年呈波段减少的变化趋势,线性倾向率为-0.64%/10a,其中中部及东部显著减少,西南部略有增加。其间出现两次突变,一次是1986年的显著减少,另一次是1993年以后的回升。分析表明,相对湿度和云量是影响太阳总辐射变化的主要气象因子。  相似文献   

19.
An atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) and an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) are asynchronously coupled to simulate the climate of the mid-Holocene period. The role of the solar radiation and ocean in the mid-Holocene East Asian monsoon climate is analyzed and some mechanisms are revealed. At the forcing of changed solar radiation induced by the changed orbital parameters and the changed SST simulated by the OGCM, compared with when there is orbital forcing alone, there is more precipitation and the monsoon is stronger in the summer of East Asia, and the winter temperature increases over China. These agree better with the reconstructed data. It is revealed that the change of solar radiation can displace northward the ITCZ and the East Asia subtropical jet, which bring more precipitation over the south of Tibet and North and Northeast China. By analyzing the summer meridional latent heat transport, it is found that the influence of solar radiation change is mainly to increase the convergence of atmosphere toward the land, and the influence of SST change is mainly to transport more moisture to the sea surface atmosphere. Their synergistic effect on East Asian precipitation is much stronger than the sum of their respective effects.  相似文献   

20.
An understanding of the relative impacts of the changes in climate variables on crop yield can help develop effective adaptation strategies to cope with climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the interannual variability and trends in temperature, solar radiation and precipitation during 1961–2003 on wheat and maize yields in a double cropping system at Beijing and Zhengzhou in the North China Plain (NCP), and to examine the relative contributions of each climate variable in isolation. 129 climate scenarios consisting of all the combinations of these climate variables were constructed. Each scenario contained 43 years of observed values of one variable, combined with values of the other two variables from each individual year repeated 43 times. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used to simulate crop yields using the ensemble of generated climate scenarios. The results showed that the warming trend during the study period did not have significant impact on wheat yield potential at both sites, and only had significant negative impact on maize yield potential at Beijing. This is in contrast with previous results on effect of warming. The decreasing trend in solar radiation had a much greater impact on simulated yields of both wheat and maize crops, causing a significant reduction in potential yield of wheat and maize at Beijing. Although decreasing trends in rainfed yield of both simulated wheat and maize were found, the substantial interannual variability of precipitation made the trends less prominent.  相似文献   

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