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1.
华北地区风速变化的分析 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
本文利用华北地区1957-2006年共计50a 104个气象观测站的实测风速,分析了该地区年平均风速的空间分布特征、逐年代变化特征、近50a来的变化趋势以及风速突变现象,研究表明,华北地区风速呈西北和东南地区偏大、东北一西南向风速偏小的分布特征;风速有减小趋势,大部分台站风速减小趋势达到了-0.2～-0.5(m·s-1)/10a;华北南部风速最先开始突变,西部次之,北部和中部没有检测到突变时间. 相似文献
2.
《贵州气象》2017,(4)
该文利用四川省1961—2014年逐日的平均风速,采用一元线性方程、5 a滑动平均、M-K突变检验、EOF正交函数分解等方法,研究了四川省以及各个分区年平均风速时间和空间分布特征,得到以下结论:(1)四川省年平均风速每10 a减少为0.046 m/s,且4个分区的年平均风速均呈递减的变化趋势,其中川北地区递减幅度最大,同时得出年平均风速存在9~13 a小尺度、8~18 a中尺度的周期变化规律。(2)1990年为年平均风速年际突变年。(3)四川省年平均风速空间分布类型呈东—西型、东北—西南型空间分布特征。该文的研究为四川省风能资源的利用以及对大风造成的灾害防御工作的开展提供一定的指导意义。 相似文献
3.
第24届冬奥会海坨山赛区近两年冬季地面风场特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2017,(3)
基于北京市海坨山赛区4个自动气象站2014、2015年冬半年地面风场资料,分析第24届冬奥会海坨山赛区冬季地面风场分布特征。结果表明:(1)各站冬季地面风场具有明显的风向取向以及风速值分布区间特征,其中海拔较高的A1492站风向呈明显的西西南至西北4个方位取向,10.0 m·s~(-1)以上风速的发生频率约为49.1%,月平均风速均10.0 m·s~(-1);(2)各站月平均风速最大值均出现在1月,A1489、A1490和A1491站风速最小值均出现在11月,A1492站最小值出现在3月;(3)各站日逐小时平均风速呈典型的日变化特征,08:00—16:00风速逐渐增大、16:00—18:00缓慢减小。 相似文献
4.
5.
《气象与环境学报》2018,(5)
利用辽宁省50个气象站1956—2016年逐日降雨量资料,分析了辽宁省海绵城市低影响开发雨水系统建设首要控制目标——年径流总量控制率的分区、分区与降雨的关系,同时分析了降雨的变化特征,并研究了降雨变化对年径流总量控制率分区稳定性的影响。结果表明:辽宁省在1956—2016年、1956—1985年、1987—2016年3个时段的年径流总量控制率的分区整体呈现辽宁西部、东北部为II区,辽宁省中部、东部和沿海地区为III区,东港周围地区为V区,其余地区为IV区。其差异主要集中在辽宁省中部和东北部地区;辽宁省年径流总量控制率分区的设计降雨量(分区等级)与暴雨比例、中雨比例和暴雨总量关系密切,相关系数大部分通过0.01显著性检验,占总站点的78%,但与大雨总量基本无关;年径流总量控制率的分区受降雨变化影响而存在不稳定区域,主要分布在辽宁的中部、西部、北部以及丹东的南部(丹东和东港),其中,分区变更次数达到5次以上(含5次)的地区,建议年径流总量控制率分区选择出现过的最高等级,其余分区变更次数的地区的分区等级可选取出现频率最高的等级;因辽宁省的降雨存在10 a左右的周期变化,建议在海绵城市低影响开发雨水系统建设中以年径流总量控制率及其对应的设计降雨量为参考的设计参数每10 a进行一次修订。 相似文献
6.
《高原气象》2015,(5)
利用1975-2012年吉林50个地面气象站观测资料和3个探空站测风资料,对地面和0.5~40km高空风速的时空变化特征进行了分析,并分析了高、低空风速变化的原因。结果表明:吉林地面(10 m)年和四季平均风速均呈现中西部和东部近海区较大、东南部地区较小的空间分布特征;近38年吉林地面年平均风速平均每10年减少0.21 m·s~(-1),高于全国平均和大部分区域平均,大风区或大风季节的风速减小幅度最大;在1975-2012年期间,吉林高空风速随高度增加呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,对流层和平流层下层的夏季平均风速趋于减小,冬季平均风速趋于增加,而且冬季风速增加对年平均风速增加的贡献最大。大气环流系统对吉林地面和高空风速均有影响,城市化的发展、观测环境的改变减小了地面风速。 相似文献
7.
黄河上游水源涵养区是黄河流域生态保护与社会经济高质量发展的重要区段,气候变化对其水资源时空分配的影响会加剧自然灾害的发生,进而影响到我国区域生态乃至人类的生存环境。本文基于1961-2016年CN05.1格点气温、降水、风速数据以及1981-2020年GLEAM V3.5a实际蒸发数据分析了黄河上游水源涵养区过去近60年的关键气候要素变化。结果表明：(1)研究区气温显著上升,气温变化趋势达0.34°C·(10a)-1,冬季升温幅度最大,其中黑河区域玛曲县及周边地区的升温最为剧烈。(2)区域降水量整体呈现上升趋势,降水变化趋势为9.3 mm·(10a)-1,春夏季增速相对较快,冬季最慢,增长趋势由西北向东南逐渐减小,西部少雨干旱地区增长显著,东南部多雨湿润地区则有较为明显的减小趋势。(3)风速在20世纪70年代初经历异常上升后便持续下降,风速变化趋势为-0.11 m·s-1·(10a)-1,在空间上大部分地区都减少,尤其是北部大通河区域。(4)实际蒸发量显著上升,增长趋势达11.89 mm·(10a)-1 相似文献
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1971—2015年大连地区低风速气象特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971—2015年大连地区7个国家气象站的气象资料, 统计低风速条件下的累积频率、日变化、月变化和持续性等特征,分析低风速频率空间分布和年际变化特征。结果表明: (1)大连地区低风速频率较低,平均约20%,地区间差异显著,近海区域长海站最低,为8%,内陆的普兰店地区较高,达32%。(2)近45年,低风速频率呈增加趋势,大连、长海和普兰店站增加趋势显著,特别是近10年增幅更大。(3)大连站低风速频率具有显著的日变化,主要表现为白天偏低、中午时段最低,夜间高,半夜达到最高。(4)3—7月,大连地区低风速频率低;9月至次年2月较高,最大值出现在9月。(5)低风速持续时间长海站最长,持续10 h以上低风速频率达到27%,持续20 h以上接近9%,大连站低风速持续时长最短,持续4 h以下的占85%。 相似文献
9.
全球气候模式对未来中国风速变化预估 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用世界气候研究计划之第三次耦合模式比较计划 (WCRP/CMIP3) 提供的, 参加IPCC AR4的19个气候模式和国家气候中心为IPCC第五次报告研发的新一代气候模式 (BCC_CSM1.0.1) 及模式集成, 考虑高排放 (A2)、 中等排放 (A1B) 和低排放 (B1) 三种人类排放情景, 预估21世纪中国近地层 (离地10 m) 风速变化。预估结果表明: (1) 21世纪全国平均的年平均风速呈微弱的减小趋势, 且随着预估情景人类排放的增加, 中国年平均风速减小趋势越显著。 (2) 冬季 (夏季) 全国平均风速呈减小 (增大) 趋势, 人类排放量越多, 冬季 (夏季) 风速减小 (增加) 程度越大。21世纪我国风速夏季 (冬季) 增大 (减小) 与全球变暖的背景下未来亚洲夏季风 (冬季风) 增强 (减弱) 有一定关系。 (3) 与20世纪末期 (1980～1999年) 相比, 21世纪初期 (2011～2030年) 中国区域年平均风速A2情景下略偏小, A1B和B1情景下年平均风速无明显变化; 21世纪中期 (2046～2065年) 和后期 (2080～2099年), 三种排放情景下中国年平均风速均比20世纪末期风速小。 (4) 21世纪初期、 中期和后期均表现为冬季 (夏季) 平均风速比20世纪末期冬季 (夏季) 平均小 (大)。 (5) 夏季中国中北部和东北地区风速偏大, 其余地区风速无明显变化或略偏小; 冬季除了东北北部和西藏东南部外, 中国大部地区风速偏小。绝大部分地区超过50%模式一致地预估上述风速变化形式, 具有一定的可信度。 相似文献
10.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2020,(2)
基于462个气象观测站1960–2016年共57年的近地面风速日资料,利用克里格空间内插,最小二乘法,相关系数检验和经验正交函数分解(EOF)等方法分析了年均和各个季节中国区域风速及有效风能密度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:在中国北部和部分沿海地区年平均风速在3 m s~(-1)以上,有效风能密度在75 W m~(-2)以上,而在中国南部地区平均风速和有效风能密度均较小。近五十多年以来,中国区域年均和季节平均风速呈明显下降趋势,北部地区春季递减率最大,沿海地区冬季递减率最大。广东部分地区年平均风速有增大的趋势,西南,华南和华中西部地区年平均风速变化不大。平均风速大的区域,递减率也大。年平均风速和年有效风能密度的主要空间分布模态表现出高度的一致性,均呈现逐年减小趋势。中国风速及风能资源的减小趋势,主要与全球变暖及土地利用变化有关。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献