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1.
一次弱对流天气降雹成灾的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对新疆玛河流域一次冰雹天气雷达资料及地面实况资料的分析,研究弱对流云降雹的雷达反射率因子与径向速度场的回波特征,进一步探讨弱对流云降雹与0℃层高度较低及垂直风切变的关系：弱对流天气当日零度层高度值可作为分析弱冰雹云的依据;高低空风速的差异形成的风切变造成的动压力产生垂直加速度,使对流运动得到加强和维持,也是此次降雹的动力机制。分析此次天气,揭示了新疆玛河流域弱对流云降雹天气过程生消的一些重要特征和变化,对雹云的识别和分析具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,(4)
基于常规观测资料、NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图和多普勒雷达资料等对2018年6月10日发生在甘肃省平凉市的冰雹天气过程进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)此次冰雹过程属于典型的西北气流型,高空强冷平流、冰雹发生区明显的切变线和地面辐合线以及高层气流引导地面辐合线附近生成的中尺度对流系统MCS,是造成此次强天气的主要影响系统。(2)中尺度辐合线和干线为此次冰雹天气提供了较好的触发机制;强冰雹发生区螺旋度的异常增大为雹暴系统的发展增强提供了强有力的环境场条件;强垂直风切变可促使不稳定能量释放,形成冰雹等天气,和湿斜压作用共同形成MCS发生发展的有利条件;冰雹发生区0℃层、-20℃层高度及二者之间的厚度均有利于大冰雹的形成。(3)多普勒雷达资料显示,引发强天气的回波单体附近,悬垂回波、弱回波区、钩状回波等特征明显,对应径向速度图有明显的中气旋、中层径向辐合及风暴顶辐散等特征配合,对此次冰雹等天气有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2017,(5)
利用黔东南州气象资料、三穗C波段多普勒天气雷达资料及FNL再分析资料对2016年4月3日发生在贵州省黔东南州的一次大范围弱冰雹天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次冰雹过程环流形势是典型的"前倾槽"结构,辐合线和冷锋共同触发了不稳定能量的释放,降雹前地面气温较高,冰雹在下降过程中融化较快,使黔东南州大范围性降弱雹;对流发生前垂直风切变较大,SI、K指数满足强雷暴条件,0℃层和-20℃层高度适宜,但CAPE值能量有限,不利于大冰雹的形成;对流发生时低空维持高湿状态,切变线两侧风速风向的辐合为对流的发生提供了充足的动力条件;雷达资料显示冰雹发生时,在0℃等温线高度上有50 d Bz以上的反射率因子结构,低层辐合、高层辐散,风随高度的变化是中低层顺转,高层逆转,这种上冷下暖的结构有助于空气层结的不稳定,利于对流的发生。 相似文献
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文章利用常规气象观测资料及新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,从大尺度环流背景、高低空急流的配置、局地气象条件和雷达回波的演变特征,对2013年7月21日发生在巴彦淖尔市的一次大范围冰雹天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:在亚欧大陆中高纬三槽两脊型环流背景下,高低空急流的配置为降雹提供了动力和热力条件,天气系统造成的系统性上升运动是冰雹发生的触发机制。不稳定能量、风的垂直切变、湿球温度0℃和-20℃层高度等环境场条件有利于雹暴的形成,深对流指数在冰雹发生前有明显增大的特征,风暴强度指数表明在热力学和动力学条件的共同作用下产生了此次冰雹天气。在强雷暴的发生过程中,雷达产品中最大反射率因子所在高度与单体质心高度、冰雹指数、VILmax值的"爆发式增长"和"爆发式降低"现象,对预警冰雹有很好的指示意义,高悬的强回波、多角形回波、速度图上的"大风区"和高的VILmax值等特征可作为冰雹预警的可靠信号。 相似文献
5.
基于常规观测资料、NCEP(2.5°×2.5°)再分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图资料和多普勒雷达等资料对2018年6月10日发生在甘肃省平凉市的冰雹等强对流天气过程进行分析,得出以下结论：(1)此次强对流天气过程属于典型的西北气流型,高空强冷平流、强对流发生区明显的切变线和地面辐合线以及高层气流引导地面辐合线附近生成的中尺度对流系统MCS,是造成此次强天气的主要影响系统。(2)中尺度辐合线和干线为此次强对流天气提供较好的触发机制；强对流发生区螺旋度的异常增大为雹暴系统的发展增强提供了强有力的环境场条件；强垂直风切变可促使不稳定能量释放形成冰雹等天气,和湿斜压作用共同形成MCS发生发展的有利条件；冰雹发生区0℃层、-20℃层高度及二者之间的厚度均有利于大冰雹的形成。(3)卫星云图中MCS发展明显,容易给局地强对流输送能量,利于强对流的维持发展,且强对流区主要位于云顶亮温TBB低值区的后部和南部,多普勒雷达资料显示,引发强对流天气的回波单体附近,悬垂回波、弱回波区、钩状回波等特征明显,对应径向速度图有明显的中气旋、中层径向辐合及风暴顶辐散等特征配合,对此次冰雹等强对流天气有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
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2012年5月23日午后到夜间喀什地区8县市19个乡镇发生了有气象记录以来罕见的大范围冰雹天气过程。本文利用常规观测资料和新疆喀什多普勒天气雷达资料,分析了冰雹发生的中尺度天气特征。结果表明：对流系统为中-γ尺度,下垫面热力不均匀和水汽分布不均匀是此次强对流天气发生的主要原因。冰雹天气热力作用显著,热力参数CAPE和LI值的高低中心与冰雹天气的发生区域对应较好,且CAPE（LI）随时间增大（减小）;弱的垂直风切变、垂直涡度与倾斜涡度发展是造成大范围雹暴的层结特征;线性多单体风暴、低层弱回波区、低层反射率因子高梯度区是主要回波特征,VIL的跃增对新疆喀什冰雹的临近预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
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针对2020年4月12日发生在江苏苏州的一次大范围雷暴大风、局部伴有冰雹的强对流天气过程,基于常州S波段双线偏振多普勒天气雷达、湖州和青浦的单偏振雷达以及再分析资料,详细分析了此次过程的天气背景,不稳定机制、抬升条件和雷达回波及双偏振雷达参量演变特征,并结合双雷达风场反演技术分析超级单体的动力结构及云物理机制。结果表明此次过程发生在高空冷涡南掉、横槽南摆,上下层强烈不稳定的环流背景下,地面有辐合线提供了触发条件。苏南地面附近至600 hPa为θse随高度减小的对流不稳定层和0~6 km强烈的垂直风向切变分别为此次过程提供强热力和动力不稳定条件。此次降雹天气过程,雷达回波强度超过50 dBZ,有明显的三体散射、气旋式辐合、高层回波悬垂和强风暴顶辐散等特征;但是VIL和ET都很小,呈现非典型冰雹特征。双线偏振雷达各偏振参量(差分反射率ZDR、差分相移率KDP和相关系数CC)也都反映出冰雹云的典型特征:在ZH大、ZDR小、CC小的区域出现冰雹,ZDR值通常为-1.0~0.2 dB,CC值普遍小于0.85。上述双偏振参量特征在强对流短时临近预报和冰雹识别方面具有很强的应用潜力。利用双雷达风场反演技术对降雹时段研究,发现1~5 km各层高度的风垂直切变、辐合的存在,有利于超级单体的发展和加强。双雷达能较好地反演雷暴大风的三维风场精细结构,有助于加深对冰雹云结构的认识进而提高冰雹等强对流天气的预报预警能力。 相似文献
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利用2005-2007年5—9月榆林雷达站观测资料和同期的常规高空、地面观测资料及榆林市境内的冰雹灾情资料,对其中的14次冰雹天气过程分析,重点考察冰雹产生过程中冰雹云在新一代天气雷达图上的演变特征。通过对地面降雹资料和相应的雷达产品资料分析,结果表明：榆林新一代天气雷达对责任区内的冰雹预报预警具有较好的指示作用。冰雹云识别指标为：强反射率因子区（回波强度≥50dBz）在-20℃层高度附近及以上,且强回波强度越强,高度越高,愈有利于大冰雹的产生;反射率因子剖面图上出现有界弱回波区（BWER）或弱回波区（WER）,区域的大小影响降雹的持续时间和冰雹的大小;垂直累积液态水含量VIL的大值区（≥40kg／m^2）代表降冰雹的潜势,VIL值越大。降大冰雹的潜势越大。三体散射现象可作为冰雹的预报指标。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献