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1.
垂直散度廓线可用于推断大气垂直运动情况,垂直温度平流廓线可用于推断大气层结是否稳定,有助于预报员推断本站降水演变趋势。鉴于我国多普勒天气雷达中还没有垂直散度和温度平流廓线产品,提出了这两种产品的反演方法。首先使用分层VVP方法从雷达体扫径向速度资料中反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和垂直散度廓线,然后在假设大气处于地转平衡条件下,基于温度平流与地转风随高度的变化关系,从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线。以两次大范围暴雨天气过程为例,反演了雷达站上空的垂直风廓线、散度廓线和温度平流廓线,并对反演结果进行了分析。结果表明:在雷达周围有大范围降水回波的情况下,使用分层VVP方法能合理地反演出雷达站上空的垂直风廓线和散度廓线;在这种情况下,反演的垂直风廓线代表各个高度雷达有效探测范围内的平均水平风,可近似满足地转平衡条件,因此,使用热成风方程能较为合理地从垂直风廓线中反演出垂直温度平流廓线;三个反演产品的合理性可用天气学理论和天气实况来解释。 相似文献
2.
多普勒雷达VAD风廓线资料的质量评估 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
将2004—2007年浙江省温州多普勒雷达VAD风廓线和相邻洪家探空站同期经修正的探空风廓线资料进行对比统计,分析了两者之间的差异和相关性;对不同高度层以及三种不同降水系统中(大面积连续性降水、阵性降水、热带气旋降水)VAD反演方法的精度进行了研究,并分析误差来源。结果表明,VAD方法反演的风廓线与探空廓线之间具有较高的相关性。VAD方法对大面积连续性降水的风向和风速的反演质量最好,其次是热带气旋降水。风向、风速偏差最大的均为阵性降水。 相似文献
3.
结合理论和SoWMEX试验 (西南气流试验,Southwest Monsoon Experiment) 的连续多普勒天气雷达观测资料和广东省阳江雷达资料, 对非线性速度方位显示 (非线性VAD) 方法反演低层低于2 km垂直风廓线精度和能力进行定量分析。结果表明:非线性VAD基本能反演出低层风廓线在空间和时间上的演变。但当雷达径向速度数据在方位存在较大的连续性缺测、体积扫描仰角较少时,因传统非线性VAD采用的速度方位显示 (VAD) 方法拟合阶数和垂直拟合阶数过高,反演的低层风廓线会存在较大误差,造成不合理高风速区和风廓线不连续。通过实际观测资料统计分析反演参数对非线性VAD的影响,提出基于连续性数据缺测间隔和不同仰角的多少的VAD和垂直拟合阶数动态调整方法。同锋面降水和台风降水两典型个例的实际探空比对显示,调整后的非线性VAD显著改进低层风廓线反演精度,反演的风廓线结构和变化与实况相符,反演平均误差小于2 m·s-1。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2016,(6)
为了探讨风廓线雷达资料的可用性,对2013年9月—2015年10月青岛站和济南站的风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达测风数据进行相关、误差及有效样本比率分析。结果表明:(1)济南站和青岛站绝大多数高度层00:00和12:00风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达的水平风速显著正相关,通过α=0.05及以上信度检验;(2)济南站00:00和12:00,晴天1.5 km以上及雨天0.64 km以上大多高度层风廓线雷达的水平风速比L波段探空雷达偏小约2 m·s~(-1),且当风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达水平风向差≤20°时,有效样本比率基本在70%以上,资料质量很高;(3)青岛站00:00和12:00,6.48 km以下大多高度层风廓线雷达探测的水平风速比L波段探空雷达偏小2~4 m·s~(-1),水平风速资料可用,但当2部雷达风向差≤20°时,有效样本比率仅为20%,海陆风及2种仪器的布设距离是水平风向差异的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
为探讨风廓线雷达资料的准确性和可用性,将2016年5月2017年4月张家口的风廓线雷达与L波段探空雷达测风资料进行对比分析。结果表明:1)张家口站大多高度层二者风速呈显著正相关,00:00的相关性优于12:00的,8km以上未通过显著性检验。2)4.11km以下风廓线雷达较L波段探空雷达水平风速偏大,平均误差为0.00~1.50m/s;4.11km以上风廓线雷达较L波段探空雷达水平风速偏小,平均误差为0.00~22.13m/s,并随高度的增加而增大。3)水平风速有效样本率(风速差≤3m/s)整体随高度增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,中低层(1.23~3.63km)的有效样本率较高,为60.0%~70.0%。4)2.196.03km各高度层水平风向的有效样本率(风向差≤20°)较大,稳定在70%~80%,有降水时风向有效样本率随高度的增高而增大,且各高度层波动较大。两个时次风向有效样本多集中在风向差为10°的范围内,28km各高度层有效样本率(风向差≤10°)可达到40%~60%。 相似文献
6.
为探讨微波辐射计和风廓线雷达探测数据的准确性和可用性,利用天津全运会期间获取的GPS探空资料,分析不同天气条件下微波辐射计探测温湿度、风廓线雷达测风的误差特征。结果表明：晴天、云天和雨天条件下,微波辐射计反演低空温度廓线效果均较好,反演高空温度廓线误差较大,云天条件下,反演的整层温度廓线与探空实测值相关性最优;3种天气条件下,微波辐射计反演相对湿度廓线的误差均较大,与探空实测值的相关性也较差;晴天和云天条件下,风廓线雷达探测风向、风速的误差均较小,雨天风廓线雷达测风效果较差;晴天和云天条件下1750 m以上,雨天3000 m以上,风廓线雷达探测风速数据与探空实测值相关性较好,低空探测风速与探空相关性较差;3500 m以下,3种天气条件下风廓线雷达探测风向与探空实测值相关性较差,3500 m以上相关性较好,数值在0.6—1.0之间波动变化。 相似文献
7.
《干旱气象》2021,(3)
利用2019年11月5日至12月13日厦门国家高空气象观测站的无线电探空仪数据和同期布设的多普勒测风激光雷达资料,对比分析二者的风速风向和通过梯度法反演的边界层高度。结果表明:(1)风速和风向的决定系数R~2分别达到0.91和0.98,一致性良好,450～1300 m高度范围内,对比效果最佳;(2)利用探空数据的温度廓线和测风激光雷达的雷达回波强度信号通过梯度法分别反演边界层高度,二者一致性很高,只是在边界层出现急流、云层和明显的污染等复杂情况时,探空数据反演的结果会明显大于测风激光雷达;(3)在出现降雨时,雷达探测高度明显降低,无法有效反演边界层高度。测风激光雷达不仅可以满足边界层内风场的精细化连续探测,也可以反演边界层高度。 相似文献
8.
采用风廓线雷达5波束探测模式的数据对测风精度进行评估分析,用垂直波束和其中两个相邻倾斜波束的探测数据构成一对计算因子,通过对同一距离高度上的4对计算因子进行误差分析,评估风廓线雷达的测风精度,得到水平风在垂直指向连续高度上的精度。对北京延庆CFL-08风廓线雷达2010年3,6,9,12月4个典型代表月份逐日连续探测资料进行了处理分析,结果表明:该雷达满足风速误差不大于1.5 m·s-1、风向误差不大于10°探测精度要求的最大探测高度6月、9月为8 km,3月、12月为6 km,基本符合该雷达探测高度的设计要求。信噪比、大气风场的不均匀性是影响雷达测风精度的主要因素:信噪比影响了高空的测风精度,-15 dB可以作为判断雷达测风可信数据最大探测高度的阈值;晴空大气出现的风场不均匀性对风廓线雷达的测风精度影响不大,降水出现时环境风场不均匀性造成水平风向、风速的测量误差较大,不能满足测风精度要求,特别是对流性降水发生前的1~2 h,水平风向、风速的方差增长迅速,可以作为强降水出现的预警指标。 相似文献
9.
针对2016年湖北梅雨期3次(“6·19”、“7·5”和“7·19”)暴雨过程,首先对比了汉口站探空数据与汉口、咸宁两个风廓线雷达站水平风速、风向,发现“6·19”和“7·5”过程汉口风廓线雷达站3 km以下水平风速和探空数据较为接近,而3次过程中咸宁风廓线雷达站8 km以下水平风向、风速和汉口站探空数据基本吻合。在此基础上利用风廓线雷达资料并结合常规、加密自动气象站资料,对3次过程中水平风场、平均垂直速度及其变率、水平风速垂直切变、大气折射率结构常数(C_(n)^(2))等进行分析。结果表明:(1)降水开始前西南风速明显增大,中层干冷空气入侵和地面冷池形成的中尺度偏东气流是“6·19”过程50站出现大于等于17.2 m·s^(-1)大风的主要原因,“7·5”和“7·19”过程西南急流长时间维持及1 km以下的偏东气流则是短时强降水持续时间较长的诱因;(2)梅雨期暴雨期间风廓线雷达观测的水平风速垂直切变、平均垂直速度及其变率随高度变化较小,较强上升运动区域主要集中在4 km高度以下;(3)C_(n)^(2)显示强降水发生前大气水汽含量有一增加过程,且整层水汽含量深厚,C_(n)^(2)大值区的消失对应降水结束。 相似文献
10.
应用常规天气图和喀什CINRAD/CC多普勒天气雷达回波资料,对2009年5月10日出现在克州境内的一次区域性强降水进行分析,认为,本次降水是以区域混合型降水为主,伴随有局地强对流降水的天气过程。反射率因子很好的反映出了影响此次降水的涡旋云系及外围云系上中小尺度天气系统发生、发展、消亡过程,径向速度反映出涡旋云系上更小尺度系统的存在,垂直风廓线较好的反应了各层气流和风向风速的变化。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献