共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
《干旱气象》2021,(2)
为揭示气候变化与人类活动对太子河流域径流量变化的影响,基于1961—2018年气温、降水量等常规观测资料以及水文站径流量资料,采用线性回归分析、累积距平等方法,对该流域径流量、面降水量及潜在蒸散量趋势特征、突变点进行统计分析。在此基础上,采用累积量斜率变化率比较法定量估算不同时期气候变化和人类活动对径流量变化的贡献。结果表明:1961—2018年,太子河流域径流量与面降水量、潜在蒸散量均呈现微弱减少趋势,径流量和面降水量分别在1975、1984、1996、2009年发生显著突变,而面潜在蒸散量仅在1983年发生显著突变。径流量与面降水量、潜在蒸散量存在极显著的相关关系,径流量随着降水量增加、潜在蒸散量减少而增大。根据径流量的突变点将研究时段划分为5个时期,与基准期1961—1975年相比,1976—1984年、1985—1996年、1997—2009年及2010—2018年气候因子对径流量变化的贡献率分别为23.24%、-0.08%、18.57%及28.45%,而人类活动的贡献率分别为76.76%、100.08%、81.43%及71.55%,表明人类活动是太子河流域径流量减少的主要影响因素。 相似文献
2.
气候波动和人类活动对南水北调中线工程典型流域径流影响的定量评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南水北调中线工程典型流域汉江上游流域和滦河流域为研究对象,采用敏感性分析法、降水?径流双累积曲线法、累积量斜率变化率比较法定量评估了气候波动和人类活动对流域径流变化的影响。结果表明：汉江上游流域和滦河流域变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期年均径流深相对于基准期分别减少了29.5% / 19.1%和49.8% / 70.0%;对于汉江上游流域,1991-1999年（变异Ⅰ期）气候波动是径流减少的主要影响因素,2000-2008年（变异Ⅱ期）人类活动则是径流减少的主要影响因素,且人类活动对汉江上游流域径流减少的影响逐步增加;对于滦河流域,1980-2010年（变异Ⅰ/Ⅱ期）人类活动一直是径流减少的主要影响因素,且气候波动和人类活动对径流减少的影响贡献率基本保持不变。 相似文献
3.
研究秦淮河流域气象水文要素变化特征及径流变化归因对该流域水旱灾害防御工作具有重要指导意义。利用秦淮河流域气象水文观测数据和遥感资料，采用β-z-h三参数综合指示法、联合突变检测法等分析该流域气象水文序列时空变化趋势、变异点和变异度，采用弹性系数法定量评估气候变化和人类活动对径流变化的贡献率。结果表明：（1）秦淮河流域年平均气温和年径流深呈显著增加趋势，且未来仍将保持显著增长趋势；年降水量和参考作物蒸散量呈不显著增加趋势，且未来仍将维持微弱上升；年平均相对湿度呈显著减少趋势，且未来仍将维持显著减少。年降水量未发生变异，年平均相对湿度在2004年发生巨变异，年平均气温在1994年发生强变异，年参考作物蒸散量在2003年发生中变异，年径流深在2002年发生弱变异。（2）基准期（1981—2002年）和变化期（2003—2019年）秦淮河流域径流深与降水量呈显著正相关，与参考作物蒸散量、下垫面指数呈负相关；变化期较基准期参考作物蒸散量和下垫面指数弹性系数增大，而降水量弹性系数减小，下垫面指数的变化对径流增加贡献量较大（91.20%），表明人类活动引起的下垫面变化是径流增加的主要因素，起正贡献作... 相似文献
4.
沁河流域实测径流对环境变化的定量响应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据1956-2000年沁河流域降水、耗水量和入黄武陟站实测径流资料,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall法和滑动t检验法分析了武陟站实测径流变化的事实,辨析了影响实测径流变化的原因,并在确定基准期的基础上,建立了降水径流双累积曲线关系,分离出了由降水、人类活动中引耗水及下垫面条件变化引起的实测径流变化量。分析结果表明：沁河入黄实测径流减少趋势明显,1972年为突变年份,且降水的减少、人类活动引耗水的增加和流域煤矿开采、地下水超采和水土保持措施等综合作用致使实测径流减少。人类引耗水、气候变化及下垫面条件变化对径流的影响总量为70.6 mm,其中,引耗水致使实测径流减少为17.6 mm,贡献率为24.9%;气候变化影响量为35.6 mm,贡献率为50.4%;下垫面条件变化影响量为17.5 mm,贡献率为24.7%。 相似文献
5.
21世纪珠江流域水文过程对气候变化的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用HBV-D水文模型和多个气候模式预估了不同温室气体排放情景下珠江主干流西江的径流过程,分析了21世纪水资源量和洪水频率的变化。结果表明：2050年后年降水量和年径流量较基准期（1961—1990年）明显增加;流域平均的月降水量和径流量在5—10月间均呈增加趋势,12月至次年2月呈减少趋势;年最大1 d和7 d洪量逐渐增加,重现期逐渐缩短。2030年前枯水期径流增加有望缓解枯水期用水压力,而2050年之后丰水期径流量以及洪水强度、发生频率的增加将给珠江流域防汛抗洪带来更大压力,在制订气候变化对流域水资源影响适应性对策时应考虑这两方面的影响。 相似文献
6.
枯季是水旱、水生态和水资源问题的重要时期,枯季径流的变化直接影响着河流生态和流域水资源管理。基于中国网格气象数据和主要江河枯季径流资料,初步分析了1961—2018年中国气候变化趋势和主要江河枯季径流演变特征与成因。结果表明,全国枯季平均气温显著上升,北方地区升温较早,南方地区2001—2018年升温明显。全国约84%的地区枯季降水有增加趋势,其中约42.2%的地区增加显著;全国枯季降水呈现西北、东北和东南显著增加,中部变化不显著格局。黄河中游和海河枯季径流下降显著,2001—2018年黄河中游枯季径流较1961—1980年减少了34%,同时期海河流域枯季径流量减少幅度均超过80%;松花江上游和长江流域枯季径流增加显著,2001—2018年松花江上游枯季径流量增加了约67%,长江流域枯季径流量增加了约16%。枯季降水增加主导了松花江上游、辽河、淮河、长江以及珠江枯季径流的增加;气温的显著上升对黄河中游和海河等地枯季径流有显著负向作用;人类活动是松花江中游、黄河和海河枯季径流下降的主要影响因素。尽管全国枯季降水的增加对于缓解流域生态和水资源问题有积极作用,但人类活动和气温显著上升加速了水资源的消耗,加大了流域水资源脆弱性。 相似文献
7.
对祖厉河流域近50 a 降水资料的分析结果表明:祖厉河主流域区等降水量线纬向分布特征明显,降水量随纬度增高而减少;在流域南部和东北部高度差大的地方,降水量随高度增高而增加;受地形影响,祖厉河中下游有一条干舌自西北向东南伸到流域东部边缘,与周边区域相比,干舌区降水偏少90～140 mm.近50 a祖厉河流域降水显著减少,区域平均减少106.4 mm.小波分析表明,25 a以上和10 a左右的降水变化周期很明显,目前处于偏少期;区域平均降水量从20世纪60年代后期开始减少,1986年发生了突变,之后迅速减少.流域内降水季节分配很不均匀,夏季降水最多,占年降水的55%,春、秋季均占年降水的21%,冬季占年降水的3%;春、夏季降水减少不显著,秋季降水减少显著,但进入本世纪,秋雨开始增多,冬季降水有不显著的增多趋势.中下游过度垦殖及河流源头过多的小水利工程等人类活动造成地表状况变化,降水有加剧减少的迹象;流域外大量调水虽然对降水不足有相当的补偿作用,但地表调水显然没有使流域内的天然降水量增加;地表植被增加和人类活动对地表影响较小的区域降水减少比较缓慢. 相似文献
8.
9.
以富春江水库控制流域为研究区域,利用中国大气同化驱动数据集（CMADS V1.1）驱动SWAT水文模型,对富春江水库控制流域进行了逐日径流模拟,探讨了流域2008-2016年径流变化及水量平衡过程。结果表明：CMADS V1.1数据集驱动SWAT模型对研究区域的径流变化具有较好的模拟效果,在验证期,逐日模拟的效率系数大于0.70,决定系数大于0.75,达到了模型评价标准。在流域水量平衡各项中,地表径流和蒸散发为主要的输出项,分别占降水量的57.2%和36.2%,其中蒸散发量年际变化较为平稳。降水量、地表径流量、土壤对地下水补给、地下侧流量、蒸散发量最大值均出现在6月,最小值均出现在1月。流域径流量以地表径流为主,其在各个月份与月降水变化趋势基本一致。而基流量较小,且各月基流量对降水量的响应并不显著。 相似文献
10.
潮白河流域为北京主要供水源,其水资源量对北京用水保障至关重要,因此开展该流域在全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下的径流预估研究具有现实意义。利用1961—2001年WATCH数据对SWAT水文模型进行率定和验证,在此基础上,应用第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)中5个全球气候模式在典型浓度路径(RCP4.5、RCP6.0和RCP8.5)下预估的全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下的数据驱动SWAT模型,开展了潮白河流域气温、降水及径流量的变化预估研究,并量化评估由气候模式和RCPs导致的水文效应的不确定性。结果表明：(1) SWAT模型基本能较好地模拟潮白河流域的月径流特征,应用该模型进行气候变化对径流量的影响评估是可行的。(2)在全球1.5℃和2.0℃升温下,潮白河流域年平均温度较基准期(1976—2005年)分别增加1.5℃和2.2℃,年平均降水量也增加4.9%和7.0%。预估的年径流量在全球1.5℃升温下总体略有增加,盛夏和秋初的径流量占全年的比例也有所增加;在全球2.0℃升温下,年径流量增幅达30%以上,但夏季径流量占全年的比例明显减少。(3)在全球2.0℃升温下,潮白河流域极端丰水流量明显增加,洪涝发生风险增大。(4)未来气温、降水量和径流量的预估都存在一定的不确定性,在全球2.0℃升温下不确定性更大;相对而言,径流量的不确定性要远大于降水量的不确定性;无论是全球1.5℃升温下还是2.0℃升温下,预估不确定性主要来源于全球气候模式。 相似文献
11.
根据DELWARE温度和降水数据、GLDAS蒸散发数据和湄公河干流9个水文站的实测径流,采用回归分析、均值T检验和低通滤波,分析了该流域气候和径流在1950-2017年间的变化情况,经分析表明流域内气候和径流在研究时段内有较大变化,而且在不同的月份呈现不同的变化特征。流域年平均温度整体呈增加趋势,2008年后的平均温度相对2008年前平均温度有显著增加;流域年平均降水的变化幅度不大;流域平均蒸散发在12月-次年2月呈下降趋势,其他月份呈增加趋势,2008-2017年月平均蒸散发与1950-2007年月平均蒸散发相比大幅提升,尤其是在6-10月;湄公河流域年径流没有显著变化,但径流在12月-次年4月呈上升趋势,7-10月呈下降趋势,其中,上升趋势比下降趋势显著,1-4月径流上升趋势在2008年之后更为显著;最小径流在2008年后有显著增加趋势,最大径流在2008年后呈下降趋势;年流量逆转次数自20世纪90年代起有明显升高趋势。通过比较温度、降水、蒸散发和径流在不同时间段的变化情况,可以看出径流在2008年后变化趋势和气候自然变化关系不显著,但可能跟大坝蓄水能力显著提高等人为活动有较大关系。 相似文献
12.
Zengxin Zhang Qiang Zhang Chongyu Xu Chunling Liu Tong Jiang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,95(3-4):331-340
In this paper, we explored the trends of the atmospheric moisture budget, precipitation, and streamflow in summer during 1961 to 2005 and possible correlations between them by using the linear regression method in the Yangtze River basin, China. The results indicate that: (1) increasing tendencies can be detected in the atmospheric moisture budget, precipitation and streamflow in the Yangtze River basin; however, the significant increasing trends occur only in the atmospheric moisture budget and precipitation in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin; (2) both the ratio of summer moisture budget to annual moisture budget and the ratio of summer precipitation to annual precipitation exhibit a significant increasing trend in the Yangtze River basin. The ratio of summer streamflow to annual streamflow is in a significant increasing trend in Hankou station. Significant increasing summer precipitation can be taken as the major controlling factor responsible for the higher probability of flood hazard occurrences in the Yangtze River basin. The consecutively increasing summer precipitation is largely due to the consistently increasing moisture budget; (3) the zonal geopotential height anomaly between 1991 and 2005 and 1961 and 1990 is higher from the south to the north, which to a large degree, limits the northward propagation of the summer monsoon to north China. As a result, the summer moisture budget increases in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin, which leads to more summer precipitation. This paper sheds light on the changing properties of precipitation and streamflow and possible underlying causes, which will be greatly helpful for better understanding of the changes of precipitation and streamflow in the Yangtze River basin. 相似文献
13.
This paper examines trends in streamflow and their links with local climate in the Karkheh River and its major tributaries,
which originate from the Zagros Mountains, Iran. Streamflow records from five mainstream stations for the period 1961–2001
were used to examine trends in a number of streamflow variables. The studied variables were mean annual and monthly flows,
1 and 7 days maximum and minimum flows, timing of the 1-day maxima and minima, and the number and duration of high and low
flow pulses. Similarly, the precipitation and temperature data from seven climate stations for the period from 1950s to 2003
were used to examine trends in climatic variables and their correlation with the streamflow. The Spearman Rank test was used
for the detection of trends and the correlation analysis was based on the Pearson method. The results reveal a number of significant
trends in streamflow variables both increasing (e.g. December flows) and decreasing (e.g. May flows) for all stations. However,
some trends were not spatially uniform. For example, decline in low flow characteristics were more significant in the upper
parts of the basin, whereas increasing trends in floods and winter flows were noteworthy in the middle parts of the basin.
Most of these trends could be attributed to precipitation changes. The results show that the decline in April and May precipitation
causes the decline in the low flows while the increase in winter (particularly March) precipitation coupled with temperature
changes lead to increase in the flood regime. The observed trends at the Jelogir station on the Karkheh River reflect the
combined effect of the upstream catchments. The significant trends observed in a number of streamflow variables at Jelogir,
1-day maximum, December flow and low pulse count and duration, point to the changes in hydrological regime of the entire Karkheh
River system and are attributed to the changes in climatic variables. 相似文献
14.
Xiaomang Liu Xiangqian Dai Yidan Zhong Jinjing Li Peng Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):183-191
The Yiluo River is the largest tributary of the middle and lower Yellow River below the Sanmenxia Dam. Hydro-climatic variables have changed in the Yiluo River during the last half century. In this study, the trends in the annual precipitation and streamflow were analyzed in the Yiluo River during 1960–2006. The results indicated that both the annual precipitation and streamflow decreased significantly (P?<?0.05) from 1960 to 2006. Pettitt’s test shows that there was a change point for annual streamflow series around the year 1986 (P?<?0.05), while there was no change point identified for the annual precipitation series from 1960 to 2006. Annual streamflow decreased more significantly than annual precipitation since 1986. The relationship between the annual precipitation and streamflow presented a non-stationary state since 1986. This non-stationary relationship was mainly influenced by human activities. The average annual amount of water diversion from the Yiluo River increased significantly since the mid-1980s, accounting for 31.3 % of the total streamflow decrease from 1986 to 2006. In addition, land use/cover change (LUCC) contributed to 27.1–29.8 % of the decrease in streamflow. Human activities, including water diversion and LUCC, together contributed to 58.4–61.1 % of the decrease in streamflow and led to the non-stationary relationship between the annual precipitation and streamflow from 1986 to 2006. This study detected the changes in the precipitation–streamflow relationship and investigated the possible causes in the Yiluo River, which will be helpful for the understanding of the changes in streamflow in the Yellow River Basin. 相似文献
15.
Runoff is a key component of the water cycle over land, with direct impact on regional ecosystems and water resources. This study investigates historical runoff variability and change over China in 1951–2008 using the Community Land Model and in situ observations of atmospheric forcing fields. Model simulations are first evaluated against in situ observations of streamflow for four major rivers, as well as soil moisture and water table depths, before further analysis is conducted. Then, quantile regression is used to analyze runoff variability and its relation to precipitation and temperature. The spatial pattern of monthly climatological runoff over China is characterized by maxima in the humid south and a gradual decrease toward the arid northwest. Runoff increases in the humid south, slightly decreases in the transition zone, and shows nonsignificant trends in the arid northwest. The footprint of decadal variability can be seen from 1951 to 2008. The annual precipitation advances the spatiotemporal variability of runoff despite locally distinct runoff–precipitation responses. The runoff-temperature relationship shows complex spatiotemporal characteristics that depend on the feedback from precipitation. 相似文献
16.
基于1933-2016年哈萨克斯坦北部伊希姆河彼得罗巴甫洛斯克水文站流量观测数据以及流域内格点气象数据，利用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall检验、相关普查法和累积量斜率变化率比较法等方法，探讨了气候变化背景下伊希姆河流量变化及其主要驱动因子。结果显示:（1）伊希姆河流域近84年来气温和降水呈上升趋势，且在20世纪70年代后增加趋势更为明显。（2）伊希姆河流量年内分布不均，年际流量变化总体呈下降趋势，但趋势不明显。（3）伊希姆河流量受流域内降水和气温共同影响，其中降水与流量相关性最大，且降水的变化对流量补给具有滞后性，6-9月气温对同时期流量影响较大。（4）T1时段（1969-1996年）和T2时段（1997-2016年）与T时段（1933-1968年）相比，气候变化对流量减少的贡献率分别为16.09%和44.83%，而人类活动对流量减少的贡献率为83.91%和55.17%。流域内水资源的开发及利用、人口数量和土地利用方式的变化等人类活动因素在很大程度上影响了伊希姆河流量。 相似文献
17.
Streamflow trend analysis by considering autocorrelation structure,long-term persistence,and Hurst coefficient in a semi-arid region of Iran 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Due to the substantial decrease of water resources as well as the increase in demand and climate change phenomenon, analyzing the trend of hydrological parameters is of paramount importance. In the present study, investigations were carried out to identify the trends in streamflow at 20 hydrometric stations and 11 rainfall gauging stations located in Karkheh River Basin (KRB), Iran, in monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales during the last 38 years from 1974 to 2011. This study has been conducted using two versions of Mann–Kendall tests, including (i) Mann–Kendall test by considering all the significant autocorrelation structure (MK3) and (ii) Mann–Kendall test by considering LTP and Hurst coefficient (MK4). The results indicate that the KRB streamflow trend (using both test versions) has decreased in all three time scales. There is a significant decreasing trend in 78 and 73 % of the monthly cases using the MK3 and MK4 tests, respectively, while these percentages changed to 80 and 70 % on seasonal and annual time scales, respectively. Investigation of the trend line slope using Theil–Sen’s estimator showed a negative trend in all three time scales. The use of MK4 test instead of the MK3 test has caused a decrease in the significance level of Mann–Kendall Z-statistic values. The results of the precipitation trends indicate both increasing and decreasing trends. Also, the correlation between the area average streamflow and precipitation shows a strong correlation in annual time scale in the KRB. 相似文献
18.
Bin Li Hongbo Su Fang Chen Haibin Li Renhua Zhang Jing Tian Shaohui Chen Yongming Yang Yuan Rong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,118(1-2):271-283
The Taoer River, a representative ecologically sensitive area in Northeast China, has undergone great climate changes and rapid social developments since 1961. Subsequently, a substantial alteration of the streamflow regime was observed and severe eco-environmental problems were becoming prominent. To provide decision makers the scientific basis for effective resource management and sound future planning, it is crucial to understand and assess the impacts of the climate variability and human activities on streamflow in this region. In this study, we combined an observation-based statistical analysis and physical modeling experiments to address this broad question. The Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope were used to examine the trends and the moving t test was used to identify change points for the streamflow, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration datasets. A statistically significant upward trend (α?=?5 %) was found for annual streamflow. An abrupt change point was identified in 1985 for the basin outlet station at Taonan. Accordingly, the streamflow was divided into baseline and changed period for attribution analysis. To investigate the impacts of climate change and human activities on annual streamflow, we applied a distributed hydrological model and six Budyko-type functions during the two periods. The results indicated that climate change and human activities accounted for about 45 and 55 % of the changes in streamflow, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Dejuan Jiang Kun Wang Zhi Li Qiuxian Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,104(3-4):501-509
The variability of extreme summer precipitation over Circum-Bohai-Sea region during 1961?C2008 was investigated based on the daily precipitation data of 63 meteorological stations using the linear regression method, the non-parametric Mann?CKendall test, and the continuous wavelet transform method. The results showed that there were large spatial differences in the trends of extreme summer precipitation indices. Decreasing trends were found in summer total precipitation, extreme precipitation frequency, intensity and proportion, the maximum consecutive wet days (CWD), and the maximum 1- and 5-day precipitation, and the largest decrease was observed in the central coast area (except CWD), although the trends were not statistically significant at the 5% level at most places. Inversely, the maximum consecutive dry days exhibited non-significant increasing trends. Additionally, the significant 2?C4-year periods were detected for eight indices, showing the significant interannual variability of extreme summer precipitation. Overall, the results of this study indicated that in the last 48?years, there was severe water stress over Circum-Bohai-Sea region, especially in the central coast area, which exerted negative effects on economic development and natural ecosystems. 相似文献
20.
Lisa J. Graumlich Michael F. J. Pisaric Lindsey A. Waggoner Jeremy S. Littell John C. King 《Climatic change》2003,59(1-2):245-262
Climate variability, coupled with increasing demand is raising concerns about the sustainability of water resources in the western United States. Tree-ring reconstructions of stream flow that extend the observational record by several centuries provide critical information on the short-term variability and multi-decadal trends in water resources. In this study, precipitation sensitive Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menzeisii) tree ringrecords are used to reconstruct annual flow of the Yellowstone River back to A.D. 1706. Linkages between precipitation in the Greater Yellowstone Region and climate variability in the Pacific basin were incorporated into our model by including indices Pacific Ocean interannual and decadal-scale climatic variability, namely the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation. The reconstruction indicates that 20th century streamflow is not representative of flow during the previous two centuries. With the exception of the 1930s, streamflow during the 20th century exceeded average flows during the previous 200 years. The drought of the 1930s resulted in the lowest flows during the last three centuries, however, this probably does not represent a worst-case scenario for the Yellowstone as other climate reconstructions indicate more extreme droughts prior to the 18th century. 相似文献