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基于湖北省近61年71个国家站逐日降水数据,本文利用降水异常指数Z和线性分析等方法,分析不同地区降水特征及与旱涝关系,得出结论如下：（1）湖北省年均降水自北向南递增,山区冬夏季雨日相当,降水量鄂西山区＞鄂东山区＞江汉平原＞汉江河谷;（2）雨日随等级减小,大等级降水多发生于鄂东南。鄂西北暴雨占比最小,鄂西南各等级降水相当,江汉平原及以东地区中雨及以上量级降水贡献率较大;（3）年均雨日呈衰减趋势,降水量相反,而山地平原夏季雨日贡献率增加。小等级降水比例减小,年代际变化中降水日数呈减少趋势,而降水量“中间偏多,两端偏少”;（4）雨日对降水量的贡献率远高于降水强度。典型涝（旱）年降水距平百分率随降水等级增大,说明暴雨的距平变化可基本反映旱涝年。 相似文献
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利用1961-2005年山东省26个观测站逐日降水资料,对山东夏季(6～8月)降水总量、雨日和暴雨日数进行时空分析,研究夏季降水气候变化成因,并划分了夏季降水旱涝年.结果表明,山东夏季降水大部分地区为减少趋势,暴雨日降雨强度的变化与夏季降水量的减少关系更为密切;夏季降水量、暴雨日降雨强度和旱涝年有明显的年代际变化特征.最后用500 hPa位势高度和环流特征量分析了夏季旱涝异常的大尺度环流背景及气候变化原因. 相似文献
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近58年柳州市汛期降水特征分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用柳州市1951～2008年的月降水量资料,采用线性倾向估计和小波分析方法,分析了近58a柳州市汛期（4～9月）降水的变化特征。结果表明：近58a来柳州市汛期降水主要呈波动性变化,线性趋势变化不明显,但前汛期降水总体呈上升趋势,降水量约增加87mm;后汛期降水量总体呈下降趋势,约减少了89mm。因此,前汛期有变涝趋势,后汛期有变旱趋势。近58年柳州市汛期降水年代际变化的主要周期为20～25a,20世纪80年代以后,汛期降水存在周期10-15a的年代际变化。20世纪80年代以前,柳州市汛期降水主要的年际变化周期2～4a,以后的年际变化周期是4～8a。 相似文献
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利用江苏省1961—2011年夏季67站逐日气象观测资料,按照不同量级的日降水量,运用趋势分析、突变分析、小波分析等方法对近51 a江苏省夏季雨日进行研究。研究发现:各级雨日分布均呈明显的由西北—东南向的变化特征;各级雨日均存在明显的年际、年代际变化和突变特征;各级雨日存在准6 a的年际振荡周期和准12 a的年代际振荡周期,但是存在的主要时段有所差异。各级雨日的趋势变化中,除微量雨日为下降趋势外,其它各级雨日以上升趋势为主。分析各级雨日对有效雨日的趋势贡献:江苏北部地区有效雨日的减少主要来自于大雨、大暴雨日的减少;中部地区的有效雨日增多来自于小雨、大雨和暴雨雨日的增多;南部地区有效雨日增多来自于小雨、大雨和大暴雨日的贡献。 相似文献
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利用四川省雅安市1951~2008年逐日降水资料和1969~2000年逐小时降水资料,统计分析了青藏高原东侧雅安地区4个典型旱年和4个典型涝年的降水量、降水频率的多时间尺度变化特征。结果表明,雅安旱年的平均年降水量为1242.9mm,涝年的平均年降水量比旱年多1010mm。旱年汛期降水量占旱年降水总量的70.4%,涝年汛期降水量超出旱年一倍,且占涝年降水总量的81.1%。旱、涝年降水量的季节变化明显,且涝年的季节差异更加显著;雨强与降水量的季节变化相似,夏季达到最大,且旱、涝年年雨强和汛期雨强的差异很明显;旱、涝年之间的雨日差异要小的多,季节差异也不突出。旱、涝年降水量和雨日的最大值、最小值出现月份不同,旱年降水量7月最多、1月最少,而涝年降水量8月最多、12月最少。另外,旱、涝年白天、夜间的月降水量和月雨日最大值出现时间不同,并且不同降水强度,旱、涝年降水量和雨日的逐月变化也有较大差异;旱、涝年降水日变化与夜雨特征都突出,但夜间降水量和频次远远大于白天。旱、涝年降水量和频次的最大值、最小值出现时间有差异,旱年最大小时降水量在01时,最小在14时。涝年夜间小时降水量为双峰结构,最大小时降水量在23时,另一最大值在03时,最小在16时。旱年和涝年最大小时降水频次均出现在00时,最小分别出现在14时和15时。并且,降水量和频次从谷值到峰值的增加速率超过了从峰值到谷值的衰减速率;进一步分析发现,随着降水强度的增加,其夜间降水量越容易出现多峰值的波动,且旱、涝年夜间降水量和频次的差值也越明显。其中,旱年中雨和大雨降水量和频次高于涝年,但涝年暴雨降水量和频次远高于旱年。 相似文献
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利用1961-2010年华东地区88个气象站逐日降水资料,采用趋势分析和突变检测等方法,研究了华东地区年、季、月雨日和降水量的时空变化特征.结果表明,华东地区年雨日和年降水量的长期趋势变化几乎相反,年雨日普遍减少(区域平均气候倾向率为-2.3d/(10a)),而年降水量除山东省外却普遍增加,反映年平均的日降水强度增加.季雨日与季降水量的长期变化较一致,秋季最相似;春季、秋季雨日和降水量都是大范围负趋势,但雨日的负趋势比降水量的范围更广、强度更大;夏季、冬季降水量在山东省呈减少趋势,在其他地区呈增加趋势,其中长三角地区夏季及江淮流域冬季的降水增加显著,而雨日在山东和福建是负趋势,其他地区为正趋势.年雨日在山东中东部、福建北部减少最多,这些地区一年四季雨日都是减少趋势,平均每10a减少3～5d.山东半岛年雨日在20世纪70年代末期发生突变,此后年雨日明显减少. 相似文献
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基于湖北省1961—2020年71个国家站逐日降水数据，利用降水异常指数Z和线性分析等方法，分析不同地区降水特征及与旱涝关系，结果表明：（1）湖北省年均降水自北向南递增，山区冬夏季雨日相当，降水量鄂西山区>鄂东山区>江汉平原>汉江河谷；（2）雨日随等级减小，大等级降水多发生于鄂东南。鄂西北暴雨占比最小，鄂西南各等级降水相当，江汉平原及以东地区中雨及以上量级降水贡献率较大；（3）年均雨日呈衰减趋势，降水量相反，而山地平原夏季雨日贡献率增加。小等级降水比例减小，年代际变化中降水日数呈减少趋势，而降水量“中间偏多，两端偏少”；（4）雨日对降水量的贡献率远高于降水强度。暴雨的距平变化可基本反映旱涝年。 相似文献
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利用1966—2016年南川国家站的逐日降水观测资料,分析了南川降水的年内分布及次季节变化和暴雨的气候变化特征、年际、年代际和趋势变化特征。结果表明:南川降水的年内分布差异大,降水量峰值出现在6月,月降水强度最大在7月;南川的降水具有明显的次季节变化,且准双周变化信号(10~25 d)大于低频季节内振荡(25~90 d);南川的暴雨日数和暴雨量与年降水量有很好的正相关性;暴雨出现在3—11月,其分布呈单峰型,峰值出现在6月;年平均暴雨日为2.5 d,暴雨日数年际变化的线性趋势不显著;暴雨日总降水量在1966—1994年存在10~12 a的年代际变化信号,在1996—2016年主要存在13~15 a的年代际变化信号,在1976—1984年还存在2~4 a的年际变化信号;南川的暴雨特征量年际、年代际变化大,但没有显著的升降趋势,说明南川暴雨的总体气候特征是比较平稳的。 相似文献
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利用贵州省19个测站1951～2000年夏季逐月降水资料,计算了降水量的月平均（区域平均）标准化距平。并进行模糊聚类分析、经验正交函数分解（EOF）和小波分析,研究了贵州夏季降水异常的区域特征。结果表明,贵州夏季降水在近50 a中存在5个明显的气候段：20世纪50年代前期为多雨期;50年代中期到60年代前期为少雨期;60年代中后期为多雨期;70～80年代为少雨期;90年代以后进入多雨期;降水呈增多的趋势。全省一致性是贵州夏季降水的最主要特征,同时还存在区域差异。贵州夏季降水异常有5种空间分布型,即：全省旱（涝）型、东旱（涝）西涝（旱）型、南旱（涝）北涝（旱）型、中东旱（涝）西南涝（旱）型和西南旱（涝）其余涝（旱）型。各型降水具有多时间尺度振荡的特点,存在10～12 a、4～5 a、2～3 a的周期。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献