共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
长江中下游梅雨(下称梅雨)是丙南暖湿季风气流随季节增暖北进过程中的产物,是东亚副热带季风系统中的一个重要组成部分.利用气候平均资料分析和敏感性数值模式试验,研究了青藏高原(下称高原)和江南山脉地形对梅雨形成的影响.分析表明,在对流层低层,江南处于强劲西南急流风速中心的下游,有江南山脉地形对西南急流强迫抬升,具有强烈的风速和水汽辐合,这是梅雨形成的直接原因.敏感性数值试验表明,无高原时该西南急流增强,江南上空气旋性涡度增大,梅雨雨量增加2 mm/d,这反映了夏季高原巨大的感热气泵的抽吸作用使其东侧的江南地区环流的气旋性减弱,上升受到抑制,降水减少;无江南山脉地形时梅雨雨量减少2 mm/d,雨带北移到淮河流域,而加高山脉地形时则梅雨量增大,雨带位置南移,说明山脉地形对西南季风气流有强迫抬升增幅降水作用,对梅雨雨带的形成亦有重要影响. 相似文献
2.
利用美国夏威夷大学国际太平洋研究中心的区域气候模式(IPRC-RegCM)进行了一系列的数值试验,研究了青藏高原大地形和海陆热力差异对江南春雨的影响。在控制试验中,模式较好地模拟了3～4月江南春雨雨带及低层大气环流特征,由于受高原绕流作用产生的西南气流和西太平洋反气旋环流西北侧的西南气流的共同影响,在我国的江南地区形成大范围的降水雨带,即江南春雨。当在模式中去除青藏高原大地形后,高原东南侧的西南气流显著减弱,江南春雨雨带强度明显减弱,但由于受到西太平洋反气旋西北侧弱西南气流的影响,我国江南地区仍然维持一个较大的降水雨带。在模式中人为地将110°E以东,20°～35°N纬度带的海洋设置为陆地,即人为地减少海陆热力差异后,模式模拟的江南春雨明显减少。在模式的另一组试验中将海温提前61天,即人为地将海陆热力差异季节转换推迟,模式模拟的江南春雨雨带强度也明显减弱。以上模式模拟结果表明,我国江南春雨的形成不仅与青藏高原大地形有关,而且与东西向海陆热力差异有关。 相似文献
3.
使用1979-2008年NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集资料分析了全年各月经向风特征,发现青藏高原东南侧存在一个全年盛行南风的区域(22.5°～30°N、105°～110°E),即常年南风区.该区域南风呈现冬弱夏强的演变特征,尤其在春夏时期呈现双峰值状态,峰值分别出现在15候和37候左右.进一步分析表明,常年南风区南风与我国南方春季降水有着较好的对应关系.15候左右常年南风区南风第一次增强并达到峰值,持续的强南风使得我国南方地区降水随之有突然增加的趋势,进入春雨期.高原东南侧常年南风区南风两个峰值出现的原因并不相同.15候左右出现的绕流南风大值是由于高原的突然加热产生的低空气旋性环流叠加在绕流西风上,从而造成了南风的加强,湿润的偏南风给华南地区带来持续的降水,江南春雨开始.而37候左右出现的绕流南风大值是由于南海夏季风爆发后,孟加拉湾槽前强大的西南风加强了该处的绕流南风,使得南风势力变得更为强大,推进到我国长江中下游地区. 相似文献
4.
高原东南角早春雨的气候特征及其成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用1998—2013年TRMM格点及GHCN站点降水、1979—2013年CMAP降水和ERA-Interim再分析资料,研究了早春季节青藏高原东南角降水中心的气候特征及其成因。其气候特征为:雨带主要沿布拉马普特拉河谷分布(包括藏东南、滇西北、印度东北部的阿萨姆邦和缅甸北部地区),雨季建立时间在第17候,雨区上游地区(88~94°E,22~27°N)低层的西北风转为西南风是雨季建立的一个标志性环流调整特征。早春雨期间,雨区上游地区的西南风大值中心使得风速及水汽在雨区辐合,同时该西南气流沿着由喜马拉雅山脉-横断山脉-那加山脉组成的向西南方向敞开的喇叭口地形爬坡抬升,在迎风坡出现降水大值中心,这是高原东南角早春雨的直接成因。该西南风大值中心的产生既与青藏高原大地形的动力绕流作用有关,也与春季高原中南部的地表感热加热密切相连,这是高原东南角早春雨形成的根本原因。 相似文献
5.
利用1979—2010年中国753站逐日降水资料,定义了江南春雨时间范围(12—27候)和空间范围(110~120°E,23~30°N),并通过EOF方法分析了江南春雨的时空分布特征,得到3个主要模态:全区一致型、南北反相型和东西反相型。在此基础上,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料合成分析了江南春雨的旱涝年的环流差异。结果表明:江南春雨偏涝年,上游青藏高原东南侧的西南风增强,西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸,有利于来自副高南侧的水汽与高原南侧的水汽汇合向江南地区输送,而江南地区的上升运动也明显加强,有利于江南地区降水的产生。进一步分析发现在春雨期涝年青藏高原的热源强度明显强于旱年,导致高原东南侧的绕流增强,进而有利于江南地区的降水,而旱年情况大致相反。此外,比较旱涝年西太平洋—东亚大陆之间的纬向海陆热力差异发现,涝年大约在第11候发生冷热源的反转,旱年则在第16候反转。涝年江南地区春雨期热源强度也明显强于旱年,进一步说明江南地区冷热源的反转以及增强对于江南地区的降水具有重要的作用,同时对于判定江南春雨的季风降水性质具有重要指示意义。 相似文献
6.
江南春雨的两个阶段及其降水性质 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据1970—2009年平均的逐候NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和1979—2008年平均的逐候CMAP降水资料,分析了第1—27候江南地区(110～120 °E,23～30 °N)降水的阶段性特征。通过滑动t检验方法,发现江南地区的春季降水分别在第10、16候出现突增,达到99%的统计信度。为此,将第10候确定为江南春雨的建立日期,并将江南春雨期划分为两个阶段:第10—15候为第一阶段,第16—27候为第二阶段。伴随着江南春雨降水量的两次突增,青藏高原东南侧(105～112 °E,20～25 °N)的西南风也有两次突增,但时间要比江南春雨早1～2候。与第一阶段相比,第二阶段东亚经度上的冬季型Hadley环流消失,江南地区的上升运动向上扩展至200 hPa高度,纬向海平面气压场梯度由大陆高、海洋低的冬季型转为大陆低、海洋高的夏季型,大气层结不稳定性和对流性降水率均增加,这表明第二阶段的江南春雨已具有副热带季风降水的性质。 相似文献
7.
本文利用1961—2016年中国汛期逐候降水的旋转经验正交函数分解(Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function, REOF)方法对中国汛期雨带进行客观划分。根据REOF模态空间分布以及主成分的气候态平均确定了中国汛期6个主要雨带的落区和时间,并揭示了各雨带气候态环流特征。江南春雨雨带主要发生在长江以南地区,对应时间为26—27候;南方雨季的雨带落区主要在两广至福建地区,对应时间为33—34候;江南及中下游梅雨主要落区在长江以南和长江中下游流域,对应时间分别为34—35和36—37候;华北东北雨季落区在华北至东北地区,发生时间为41—42候;华西秋雨落区在秦岭及其周围地区,对应发生时间为49—52候。在雨带划分的基础上,进一步揭示了各个雨带典型的对流层中高低气候态环流特征。可为客观定义汛期雨带及各雨带气候预测提供参考。 相似文献
8.
利用美国国家大气研究中心发布的较高分辨率大气环流模式CAM 5.1,进行了中国东部(20~50°N,100~125°E)城市土地利用变化对江南春雨影响的数值试验。结果显示:较中国东部无城市土地利用的试验相比,城市用地增加后,江南春雨推迟约3候建立而提前1候结束,持续时间缩短,同时降水强度减弱。进一步分析表明:东部城市土地利用增加可改变地表能量收支,使得东部大部分地区的地表增暖,导致地表感热增强,对大气的异常加热使得该区域上空等压面抬升,缩小了低层青藏高原东南侧至西太平洋间的位势梯度,使得形成江南春雨的直接原因——西南风减小,从而减少春季江南地区的降水。中国东部城市土地利用改变可能是影响近几十年江南春雨年代际变化的原因之一。 相似文献
9.
东亚副热带季风雨带建立特征及其降水性质分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用1961—2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集和TRMM、CMAP多年平均逐候降水资料,分析了中国东部副热带季风雨季的起始时间、建立特征及其降水性质。结果表明,第16—18候,在中国江南南部和华南北部地区(25°30°N)日降水率达到6 mm/d,且范围较大,在低层该雨带的水汽主要来源于西太平洋副热带高压南侧转向的西南水汽输送,其源地即为西太平洋副热带季风雨季开始。雨带建立同时,东亚副热带地区中东太平洋的纬向海平面气压梯度首先在中纬度发生反转,即西低东高(相应于西暖东冷)。中国东部副热带地区出现加热中心并伴有上升运动,强度逐渐增强,并伸展至对流层顶,其强度及对流高度与热带地区相当,对流层中低层大气呈对流不稳定,降水已具有对流性降水性质。与此同时,南海西太平洋地区仍在副热带高压控制之下,盛行下沉运动,无降水产生,南海夏季风及其相应的水汽输送尚未建立。东亚副热带季风雨带的建立(3月底4月初)早于热带夏季风雨带,两雨带分别具有独立的热源中心和上升运动。南海夏季风即将爆发之际,赤道地区加热中心快速北移至南海地区,与副热带地区热源相互作用。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原东南侧复杂地形下冬季大风诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了对青藏高原(下称高原)东南侧复杂地形下大风形成的物理条件有一定认识,利用NCEP资料和WPR、PBL等非常规资料,以大理国家气候观象台为代表站,选取近年大理的5个大风个例,对高原东南侧复杂地形下的冬季大风天气进行分析。结果表明,高原东南侧大风环流背景具有相似性,15°N附近的低纬地区有多个高压系统出现,35°N以北的中高纬地区有长波或者低压槽活动;高原东南侧大风的发生受垂直运动的影响,主要表现为垂直运动对高空动量的牵引作用;高原东南侧大风有低空急流的背景,低空急流的向下传输受低层风场的旋转影响;感热向下传输和潜热释放给大风的产生和维持提供了热力条件;WPR探测高度和信噪比强度可以作为大风预警的定性指标之一,并且当感热通量和潜热通量呈反位相变化时,可对大风天气进行预警指导。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献