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针对北京地区城镇化快速发展带来的气象环境问题,选取夏季晴天典型个例,采用数值模拟的方法,研究了2004—2020年北京城市总体规划方案中新城建设、绿地增加和水体恢复的环境效应。结果表明:规划对夏季六环内高温、小风、低湿的气象环境有所改善。其中,城镇用地增长地区,气温增幅达1~2℃,夜晚最大;风速和比湿的降幅分别在0.2~1 m·s~(-1)、0.2~1 g·kg~(-1)之间,白天降幅最大;在城镇扩张周边地区,气温的受影响范围最大,白天可达城镇增长面积的3倍,增幅在0.2~1℃;风速和比湿的降幅影响范围都在城镇增长面积的0.3~0.5倍之间,且晚上风速影响范围广,比湿白天影响幅度和范围大。以亦庄为例,基于地理信息系统的精细分析表明,城镇用地增长率与气温增幅、风速降幅和比湿降幅都成线性正相关关系。当城镇用地增长率达到15%~30%时,气象要素的变化幅度会急剧加大。因此,初步建议在城镇规划中将建设用地的增长率控制在20%以内,将用地扩张对局地气象环境造成的不良影响降到最低。 相似文献
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根据架空导线载流量的计算需求,选择河北南部电网,利用94个气象站1974—2018年月平均最高气温、月极端最高气温和14:00的平均风速资料,结合箱线图方法,分析了各月平均值、中位数、四分位数、异常值截断点和异常值等变化特征,并确定了各月高温分析区间和小风速分析区间,将高温分析区间和小风速分析区间进行组合作为气象参数组合;利用94个站点自动站建站至2018年09:00—20:00的逐时气温和风速资料,逐月分析了各种气象参数组合出现的频率和对应的气象风险分布。结果表明最高气温和最小风速组合出现的概率很小,仅6、7、8、11月出现过4、1、130、1站时;总体上,高风险气象参数组合出现概率在12个月都很小,中风险和低风险气象参数组合在夏季出现概率相对较高;气象参数组合综合风险呈现一定的空间分布,沧州、保定和雄安新区风险相对较低,太行山和山前平原风险相对较高。本研究对了解高影响天气状况下的电网运行风险有一定帮助。 相似文献
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基于MOD16产品的科尔沁草原地表蒸散时空变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《干旱气象》2021,(5)
草原是科尔沁地区的主体生态系统,定量研究该地区地表蒸散发对掌握科尔沁草原的生态效应具有重要意义。基于2000—2019年MOD16地表蒸散数据集和气象站点观测数据,探讨分析科尔沁草原地表蒸散的时空变化特征及其气象影响因素。结果表明:(1)MOD16地表蒸散产品在科尔沁草原地区具有较好的适用性,其地表潜在蒸散产品数据与蒸发皿实测数据的决定系数达0.9以上。(2)近20 a科尔沁草原ET与PET均呈现"先升后降"的单峰型月际分布特征,ET的年际波动较PET明显,且ET整体以28.86 mm·(10 a)~(-1)的速率显著增加,增加区域超过研究区的75%,而PET整体则以13.35 mm·(10 a)~(-1)的速率显著减小,但速率增加的区域大于减小的区域。(3)ET高值区集中在科尔沁草原西北部,PET高值区则集中在中部地区,且二者存在一定的反向空间分异特征;不同土地利用类型下地表蒸散不同,ET自林地、草地、农田依次减小,而PET则相反。(4)近20 a科尔沁草原ET分别在2003年和2011年发生由弱至强的突变,而PET则在2015年发生由强至弱的突变,且未来约20%的区域地表实际蒸散可能持续目前的变化趋势。(5)科尔沁草原ET、PET与各气象因子的相关性一致,均与降水量、日照时数呈显著正相关,而与气温、相对湿度、风速等相关性不明显。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2020,(3)
利用浙江省沿海宁波市鄞州站(城区)和石浦站(海岛)1956—2018年逐日最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度和风速资料,结合宁波1978—2017年城市化进程参数,研究城市化进程对人体舒适度气象指数(BCMI)及相关气象要素的影响。结果表明:(1)宁波沿海城市城区和海岛年平均最高气温、最低气温均呈增高趋势,城市化进程对城区最高气温、最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为32.3%、48.8%;(2)城市化导致城区年平均相对湿度呈减小趋势,海岛站相对湿度变化不明显;(3)城区和海岛年平均风速均呈减小趋势,城区风速突变年份相对更早,但风速的减小主要是气候自然变化所致,与城市化进程关系不大;(4)气温对人体舒适度指数BCMI的影响最大,城区夏季和冬季极端气温下的BCMI均表现出增大趋势,夏季往炎热不舒适方向发展,冬季则往舒适方向发展;(5)宁波城市化进程参数K与城区BCMI表现出明显的正相关性,城市化进程对城区夏季最高气温和冬季最低气温增幅的贡献率分别为57.8%和46.1%。 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2018,(5)
该文利用贵阳市8区县国家级地面观测站1987—2016年的逐日地面观测资料,运用统计分析、相关分析、通径分析等方法分析了贵阳地区的气温、相对湿度、风速等气象要素的气候特征,并对人体舒适度指数的时空分布特征进行了分析,探讨了各气象要素与人体舒适度指数之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)贵阳地区的气温分布存在南北差异,南部最高,中部次之,北部最低;贵阳各地每月的平均相对湿度都比较大,均在75%以上;月平均风速在1. 5～2. 5 m/s之间,空间分布差异不大。(2)4—10月,到贵阳各地旅游都较为舒适,尤其是在夏季(6—9月),最为舒适。从空间分布来看,人体舒适度指数分布为南部中部北部。(3)人体舒适度指数与气温呈明显的正相关关系,与相对湿度、风速为负相关关系。其中气温对人体舒适度指数的影响最为显著。 相似文献
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本文利用贵阳市8区县国家级地面观测站1987-2016年的逐日地面观测资料,运用统计分析、相关分析、通径分析等方法来分析了贵阳地区的气温、相对湿度、风速等气象要素的气候特征,并对人体舒适度指数的时空分布特征进行了分析,探讨了各气象要素与人体舒适度指数之间的相关关系。结果表明：(1)贵阳地区的气温分布存在南北差异,南部最高,中部次之,北部最低;贵阳各地每月的平均相对湿度都很大,均在75%以上;月平均风速在1.5-2.5m/s之间,空间分布差异不大。(2)4月到10月,来贵阳各地旅游都较为舒适,尤其是在夏季(6-9月),最为舒适。从空间分布来看,人体舒适度指数分布为南部＞中部＞北部。(3)人体舒适度指数和气温为明显的正相关关系,与相对湿度、风速为负相关关系。其中气温对人体舒适度指数的影响最为显著。 相似文献
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1971—2015年大连地区低风速气象特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1971—2015年大连地区7个国家气象站的气象资料, 统计低风速条件下的累积频率、日变化、月变化和持续性等特征,分析低风速频率空间分布和年际变化特征。结果表明: (1)大连地区低风速频率较低,平均约20%,地区间差异显著,近海区域长海站最低,为8%,内陆的普兰店地区较高,达32%。(2)近45年,低风速频率呈增加趋势,大连、长海和普兰店站增加趋势显著,特别是近10年增幅更大。(3)大连站低风速频率具有显著的日变化,主要表现为白天偏低、中午时段最低,夜间高,半夜达到最高。(4)3—7月,大连地区低风速频率低;9月至次年2月较高,最大值出现在9月。(5)低风速持续时间长海站最长,持续10 h以上低风速频率达到27%,持续20 h以上接近9%,大连站低风速持续时长最短,持续4 h以下的占85%。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献