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1.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEATING AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING ACTIVE PERIOD OF 500 hPa HIGH OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU IN SUMMER* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Duan Tingyang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(1):72-78
In correspondence with the establishment of the "upper high and lower high" pressure pattern due to the activities of 500 hPa high over the Tibetan Plateau in summer,a series of changes of the East Asia atmospheric circulation will take place.In this paper,the distributions of divergence and vertical velocity of 500 hPa high,the evolutions of atmospheric heat source,the variations of vorticity and zonal wind at 100 hPa level and vertical meridional cell over the Tibetan Plateau etc.are statistically analyzed.Thus,we can see that the ascending motion and the convective heating over the Tibetan Plateau,the South Asia high and the westerly jet on the north of the Plateau at 100 hPa level are weakned.The northern branch and the southern branch of the easterly jet on the south of the Plateau merge into a single whole and situate on the south of the former northern branch.In the meantime,thermodynamic land-sea discrepancy in South Asia and the convective heating over the Bay of Bengal is enhanced.It will play an important role in the maintenance of the easterly jet and the South Asia monsoon. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原抬升加热气候效应研究的新进展 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：26
对近4年来关于青藏高原加热影响气候的研究进行回顾.首先介绍利用位涡方程和热力适应理论,揭示;夏季高原上空低层气旋式及高层反气旋式环流结构稳定维持的动力学机理.结果表明高原加热作用造成的低层正涡源是低层气旋式环流得以稳定维持的重要原因.而边界层摩擦产生的负位涡是平衡正位涡的主要因素.高原加热还在高原上空形成负位涡,它影响着盛夏的大气环流,是青藏高原上空强大而稳定的反气旋环流得以维持的重要因素.在春夏过渡季节青藏高原非绝热加热对大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的影响力方面,进一步确认了感热加热在过渡季节早期(5月中旬以前)环:流演变中的重要作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变引起了海陆热力差异对比的变化,使副热带高压带首先在孟加拉湾东部断裂,亚洲季风因而在孟加拉湾爆发.结果还表明,用纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异.在青藏高原非绝热加热与北半球环流系统年际变化的联系方面,发现夏季青藏高原的加热强(弱)的年份,高原感热加热气泵(SHAP)高(低)效工作,使高原加热对周边地区低层暖湿空气的抽吸效应和对高层大气向周边地区的排放作用加强(减弱),高原及邻近地区的上升运动,下层辐合和上层辐散均增强(减弱),从而影响着高原和周边地区的环流以及亚洲季风区大尺度环流系统.而且高原的加热强迫还能够激发产生一支沿亚欧大陆东部海岸向东北方向传播的Rossby波列,其频散效应可影响到更远的东太平洋以至北美地区的大气环流.研究还表明,盛夏的南亚高压存在"青藏高压型"和"伊朗高压型"的双模态,它们与高原加热状态有关,且显著地与亚洲季风区的气候分布密切联系. 相似文献
3.
通过对青藏高原多、少雪年的合成分析及数值试验，研究了青藏高原积雪对亚洲 夏季风和我国东部气候异常的影响。结果表明:青藏高原积雪造成亚洲大气环流较大的年际变化。高原积雪改变了高原陆面春、夏季的热状况，使亚洲夏季风爆发推迟20天左右。高原积雪通过以下物理过程影响亚洲夏季风和我国东部气候:高原积雪多(少)→高原春、夏季的感热弱(强)→感热加热引起的上升运动弱(强)，高原强(弱)环境风场→不利(有利)于高原感热通量向上输送→高原上空对流层加热弱(强)→高原对流层温度低(高)→高原南侧温度对比弱(强)→造成亚洲夏季风弱(强)→我国长江流域易涝(旱)。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原感热气泵影响亚洲夏季风的机制 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文回顾了二十年来关于青藏高原感热驱动气泵(TP-SHAP)及其影响亚洲夏季风的研究进展,并从能量(θ)、位涡—加热(PV–Q)、和角动量守恒(AMC)的不同角度阐述其影响机制。指出高原斜坡上的表面感热加热改变了移向高原的大气质块的能量从而出现垂直抽吸的重要性。强调了高原加热产生的位涡强迫在近地层制造了强度大范围广的、环绕高原的气旋式环流,把丰沛的水汽从海洋输运到大陆,为季风对流降水提供充足的水汽条件。证明高原加热还通过改变其上空的温、压场的结构从而制造出高原上空近对流层顶的绝对涡度和位涡的最小值,在角动量平衡约束下,在亚洲季风区激发出与Hadley环流反向的季风经圈环流,从而为季风发生发展提供了大范围上升运动的背景。文中还对近年来有关青藏高原影响亚洲夏季风机制的讨论进行概述,并展望了未来的研究方向。 相似文献
5.
青藏高原增暖对东亚夏季风的影响——大气环流模式数值模拟研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
20世纪50年代以来,随着全球海表面温度年代际变化和全球变暖现象的出现,东亚夏季风降水和环流场也出现相应的年代际变化。是什么原因引起这个长期的变化趋势？研究表明青藏高原增暖可能是导致东亚夏季风年代际变化的重要因子之一。为了能够更好地理解青藏高原地表状况对下游东亚季风的影响,作者使用德国马普气象研究所大气环流模式（ECHAM）进行一系列数值试验。在两组敏感性试验中,通过改变高原上的地表反照率从而达到改变地表温度的目的。数值试验结果表明:青藏高原增暖有助于增强对流层上层的南亚高压、高原北侧西风急流和高原南侧东风急流以及印度低空西南季风;与此同时,东亚地区低层西南气流水汽输送增强。高原增暖后降水场的变化表现为:印度西北部季风降水增加,长江中下游以及朝鲜半岛梅雨降水增多;在太平洋副热带高压控制下的西北太平洋地区和孟加拉湾东北部,季风降水减少。对数值模拟结果的初步诊断分析表明:在感热加热和对流引起的潜热加热相互作用下,南亚高压强度加强,东亚夏季低层西南季风增大、梅雨锋降水增强,高原东部对流层上层的副热带气旋性环流增加,以及对流层低层的西太平洋副热带高压增强。另外,在青藏高原增暖的背景下,孟加拉湾地区季风降水减弱。本项研究有助于更好地理解东亚夏季风年代际变化特征和未来气候变化趋势。 相似文献
6.
利用2000～2016年MODIS地表反照率和ECMWF/ERA-Interim再分析资料,选取有代表性的高原季风指数DPMI,统计分析了青藏高原地表反照率与高原季风之间的联系,结果表明:1)11月高原地表反照率大小与次年高原夏季风爆发存在密切关系:11月高原地表反照率偏低(高),次年4月高原夏季风爆发偏早(晚),强度偏强(弱)。2)可能的影响机制为:当前期11月高原地表反照率偏低时,后期高原主体对大气的感热加热信号更强,从而引起4月高原上空近地面层上升运动明显加强,这有利于热量向高空传输,导致对流层加热作用加强,高原上空对流层温度偏高,使得高原季风环流系统加强,最终导致高原季风季节变化相应提前;反之亦然。 相似文献
7.
In this paper, the dynamical effects of divergent wind on the intraseasonal variability of atmospheric circulation over East Asia are analyzed by using the function of Rossby-wave source and the energy exchanging function be-tween divergent component and rotational component of the flow.The results analyzed from the observed data show that the advection of vorticity by divergent wind caused by the heating due to the monsoon rainfall in the south to the Yangtze River and the strong convective activities around the Philippines may play an important role in the northward jump of westerly jet stream during the seasonal transition from spring circulation to summer circulation over East Asia. Due to the northward movement of the advection of vorticity by the divergent wind, the energy transformation from divergent component into rotational component can be caused over the Yellow River basin and Northwest China and will cause the intensification of the zonal flow there. Thus, the jet stream abruptly shifts northward to North China.Moreover, the analysed results also show that the advection of vorticity by divergent wind caused by the heating due to the strong convective activities around the Philippines also plays an important role in the intraseasonal varia-bility of the circulation over East Asia during the seasonal transition from summer to winter. With the southward movement of the advection of vorticity by the divergent wind, the energy transformation from divergent component into rotational component can be caused over East Asia, especially over the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin. Therefore, the jet stream gradually moves southward from North China to the Yangtze River basin. 相似文献
8.
Impact of Indian summer monsoon on the South Asian High and its influence on summer rainfall over China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
By using the monthly ERA-40 reanalysis data and observed rainfall data, we investigated the effect of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) on the South Asian High (SAH) at 200 hPa, and the role played by the SAH in summer rainfall variation over China. It is found that in the interannual timescale the east–west shift is a prominent feature of the SAH, with its center either over the Iranian Plateau or over the Tibetan Plateau. When the ISM is stronger (weaker) than normal, the SAH shifts westward (eastward) to the Iranian Plateau (Tibetan Plateau). The east–west position of SAH has close relation to the summer rainfall over China. A westward (eastward) location of SAH corresponds to less (more) rainfall in the Yangtze-Huai River Valley and more (less) rainfall in North China and South China. A possible physical process that the ISM affects the summer rainfall over China via the SAH is proposed. A stronger (weaker) ISM associated with more (less) rainfall over India corresponds to more (less) condensation heat release and anomalous heating (cooling) in the upper troposphere over the northern Indian peninsula. The anomalous heating (cooling) stimulates positive (negative) height anomalies to its northwest and negative (positive) height anomalies to its northeast in the upper troposphere, causing a westward (eastward) shift of the SAH with its center over the Iranian Plateau (Tibetan Plateau). As a result, an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) is formed over the eastern Tibetan Plateau and eastern China in the upper troposphere. The anomalous vertical motions in association with the circulation anomalies are responsible for the rainfall anomalies over China. Our present study reveals that the SAH may play an important role in the effect of ISM on the East Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
9.
高空急流对青藏高原切变线影响的数值试验与动力诊断 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP 1°×1° FNL分析资料和中尺度数值模式WRF对一次青藏高原（简称高原）切变线过程进行了数值试验,主要研究高空急流强度对高原切变线的影响,并结合ω方程分析了影响高原切变线上垂直上升运动的若干因子。研究得出高空急流的强度对低层风场有重要影响,急流增强会使高原切变线上的风切变增大,切变线变长,同时高空急流强度的增强也有利于高原切变线上水汽的辐合。高空急流可通过影响高层辐散、低层辐合的散度场垂直配置对高原切变线上的正涡度柱与辐合上升运动产生作用。ω方程的诊断分析表明,温度平流的拉普拉斯项对高原切变线上的垂直上升运动起主导作用,低层暖平流有利于切变线上产生上升运动。高空急流强度的变化对差动涡度平流项的影响要大于温度平流拉普拉斯项,高空急流强度的增强会放大差动涡度平流项和温度平流项的正贡献,从而更加有利于上升运动及高原切变线的维持。 相似文献
10.
Factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation in the upper Yangtze River Valley 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Extreme precipitation events in the upper Yangtze River Valley (YRV) have recently become an increasingly important focus in China because they often cause droughts and floods. Unfortunately, little is known about the climate processes responsible for these events. This paper investigates factors favorable to frequent extreme precipitation events in the upper YRV. Our results reveal that a weakened South China Sea summer monsoon trough, intensified Eurasian-Pacific blocking highs, an intensified South Asian High, a southward subtropical westerly jet and an intensified Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) increase atmospheric instability and enhance the convergence of moisture over the upper YRV, which result in more extreme precipitation events. The snow depth over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) in winter and sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over three key regions in summer are important external forcing factors in the atmospheric circulation anomalies. Deep snow on the Tibetan Plateau in winter can weaken the subsequent East Asian summer monsoon circulation above by increasing the soil moisture content in summer and weakening the land–sea thermal contrast over East Asia. The positive SSTA in the western North Pacific may affect southwestward extension of the WNPSH and the blocking high over northeastern Asia by arousing the East Asian-Pacific pattern. The positive SSTA in the North Atlantic can affect extreme precipitation event frequency in the upper YRV via a wave train pattern along the westerly jet between the North Atlantic and East Asia. A tripolar pattern from west to east over the Indian Ocean can strengthen moisture transport by enhancing Somali cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
11.
关于亚洲夏季风爆发及北半球季节突变的物理机理的诊断分析:Ⅱ青藏高原及邻近地区地表感热加热的作用 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
本文是系列文章的第二篇,首先分析了１９８９年亚洲夏季风爆发时期青藏高原及邻近地区地表感热通量和大气温度场季节变化的基本特征,着重讨论了春季高原地表感热加热和亚洲季风爆发的联系,然后分析了１９８０～１９８９年１０ａ南海季风爆发的气候学特征。上述工作表明,在春末初夏过渡季节,高原上空大气温度变化出现阶段性的跃升,并同亚洲夏季风阶段性的爆发有很好的对应关系。高原地表感热通量的持续增大导致了对流层高层局地反气旋式扰动环流的出现,使南亚反气旋北进的过程明显受到高原局地热力环流的调制,而热带东风急流入口区所产生的强烈的高层辐散,提供了有利于热带季风对流在南海地区首先爆发的动力学条件。此外,从５月份至６月中下旬,青藏高原、伊朗—阿富汗上空强大暖中心相继建立的结果,直接导致了热带地区上空大气南北温度梯度的反向依次在南海—孟加拉湾东部和阿拉伯海—印度次大陆由东向西相继建立,从而决定了亚洲季风建立的过程在不同地区爆发的时间不同。 相似文献
12.
利用逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料分析了春夏过渡季节青减高原非绝热加热和大气环流季节变化以及亚洲季风爆发的关系.结果表明,过渡季节的早期(5月中旬以前)青藏高原总非绝热加热与感热加热的时间演变曲线趋势一致,感热加热在过渡季节早期的环流演变中有很重要的作用.青藏高原非绝热加热的时间演变与北半球环流的季节变化和亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的相关.在过渡季节里,青藏高原非绝热加热的变化引起了海-陆热力差异对比的变化,给亚洲夏季风的爆发建立了有利的背景环境,对亚洲夏季风爆发有明显的影响.结果还表明,用各区域纬向风垂直差异的时空分布能更准确地表示季节变化的区域差异. 相似文献
13.
Mechanisms determining the tropospheric temperature gradient that is related to the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon are examined in an intermediate atmospheric model coupled with a mixed-layer ocean and a simple land surface model with an idealized Afro–Eurasian continent and no physical topography. These include processes involving in the influence of the Eurasian continent, thermal effects of the Tibetan Plateau and effects of sea surface temperature. The mechanical effect on the large-scale flow induced by the Plateau is not included in this study. The idealized land–sea geometry without topography induces a positive meridional tropospheric temperature gradient thus a weak Asian summer monsoon circulation. Higher prescribed heating and weaker surface albedo over Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau, which mimic effects of different land surface processes and the thermal effect of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, strengthens the meridional temperature gradient, and so as cold tropical SST anomalies. The strengthened meridional temperature gradient enhances the Asian summer monsoon circulation and favors the strong convection. The corresponding monsoon rainbelt extends northward and northeastward and creates variations of the monsoon rainfall anomalies in different subregions. The surface albedo over the Tibetan Plateau has a relatively weak inverse relation with the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon. The longitudinal gradient of ENSO-like SST anomalies induces a more complicated pattern of the tropospheric temperature anomalies. First, the positive (negative) longitudinal gradient induced by the El Niño (La Niña)-like SST anomalies weakens (strengthens) the Walker circulation and the circulation between South Asia and northern Africa and therefore the intensity of the Asian summer monsoon, while the corresponding monsoon rainbelt extends northward (southward). The El Niño (La Niña)-like SST anomalies also induces colder (warmer) tropospheric temperature over Eurasia and warmer (colder) tropospheric temperature over the Indian Ocean. The associated negative (positive) meridional gradient of the tropospheric temperature anomalies is consistent with the existence of the weak (strong) Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献
14.
15.
本文对1979年夏季印度西南季风活跃、中断和撤退时欧亚地区大范围环流和温度场进行了分析。结果表明,该年季风活动的变率与欧亚中高纬环流形势的演变有明显关系。季风活跃期,高空西风带显著北移,西藏高原上空有高空反气旋环流建立、发展,苏联西部阻塞高压发展、维持;季风中断期,西藏高原西部有高空槽存在;苏联西部阻塞高压减弱、崩溃或有高空槽发展;季风的撤退也与东亚冷空气活动关系密切。 相似文献
16.
亚——非季风区非绝热加热与夏季环流关系的诊断研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于热力适应理论,本文利用 ＮＣＥＰ／ ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料对撒哈拉沙漠、青藏高原和孟加拉湾地区的非绝热加热与夏季环流进行了诊断研究。在非洲撒哈拉沙漠地区,以感热输送为主的加热仅局限于近地面层,边界层以上的大气则以辐射冷却占优势。因而除了边界层内存在着浅薄的正涡度和微弱的上升运动以外,整个对流层几乎都维持负涡度并盛行下沉运动。对于青藏高原地区,强大的表面感热通量引起的垂直扩散是近地面大气加热的主要分量,与大尺度上升运动相关的凝结潜热对低层大气的加热也有一定的贡献。长波辐射造成的对流层中、上层大气的冷却则主要由深对流潜热释放来补偿。夏季高原地区总非绝热加热是正值,且最大加热率出现在边界层内。低空大气辐合产生正涡度,而中、高层大气辐散伴有较强的负涡度。因而高原盛行上升运动,最大上升运动位于近地面层。夏季孟加拉湾地区的深对流凝结潜热释放远大于长波辐的冷却作用,因而整个对流层几乎都保持较强的非绝热加热。４００ｈＰａ层附近的最大加热率引起３００－４００ｈＰａ最强的上升运动。对流层上层是负涡度区,而中、低层为正涡度区。结果还表明,垂直和水平辐散环流与大气的热源和热汇区密切相联：在高层,辐散气流从热源区流向热汇区;在低层则相 相似文献
17.
Diurnal variations of circulation and precipitation in the vicinity of the Tibetan Plateau in early summer 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
A regional climate model (RCM) has been applied to simulate the diurnal variations of the Asian summer monsoon during the
early summer period. The ERA40 reanalysis data and the TRMM precipitation data are used to evaluate the performance of the
model. The 5-year simulations show that the RCM could simulate well the diurnal cycle of the monsoon circulation over the
region. A strong diurnal variation of circulation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be observed at the 500-hPa level, with
strong convergence and upward motion in the late afternoon. The diurnal variation of the 500-hPa relative vorticity over the
TP associated with the corresponding diurnal variation of convergence may lead to the formation of a prominent plateau-scale
cyclonic circulation over the TP during the evening to midnight period. The simulated diurnal variation of precipitation over
land is generally better than that over the ocean, particularly over the regions close to the TP such as the Bangladesh region
in the southern flank of the TP, where the well-known nocturnal maximum in precipitation is well captured by the RCM. However,
the late-afternoon maximum in precipitation over the Southeast Asia region is not well simulated by the RCM. The model results
suggest that the diurnal variation of precipitation over the southern flank of the TP is associated with the strong diurnal
variation in the circulation over the TP. 相似文献
18.
宋玉成，黄荣辉ＴｈｅＤｙｎａｍｉｃａｌＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＤｉｖｅｒｇｅｎｔＷｉｎｄｏｎｔｈｅＩｎｔｒａｓｅａｓｏｎａｌｖａｒｉａｂｉｎｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎＣｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎ￥ＳｏｎｇＹｕｃｈｅｎｇａｎｄＨｕａｎｇＲｏｎｇｈｕｉ（Ｉｎｓ... 相似文献
19.
通过多源资料诊断分析,本文讨论了盛夏（8月）青藏高原大气热源与菲律宾海对流活动之间的联系及可能的机制。结果表明,与青藏高原热源相联系的环流形势在夏季各月明显不同,因此对夏季青藏高原热源的影响应当分月讨论。在夏季各月中,菲律宾海对流活动与青藏高原热源在8月份的联系最为紧密,二者存在显著的反相关关系。而8月青藏高原热源、菲律宾对流活动、西太平洋副热带高压（简称西太副高）、印度季风低压、南亚高压、西风带槽脊和西北太平洋季风环流存在相互耦合的过程。青藏高原热源与菲律宾海对流活动之间联系的机制为:菲律宾海对流弱（强）年,西太副高偏西（东）偏南（北）,西北太平洋季风环流减弱（加强）,印度季风低压减弱（加强）,西风带南压（北抬）,又加之副高西侧有强（弱）的水汽输入,兼以高层南亚高压加强（减弱）,使得高原南部降水显著增强（减弱）,高原热源整体加强（减弱）,高原热源的加强（减弱）又造成了高原南部到东亚区域低层西南（东北）风异常,又利于西太副高偏西（东）偏南（北）,从而造成菲律宾海对流减弱（加强）。这一机制在高原热源强弱年均有表现,但强年表现得更为显著,并在个例中也有所体现,说明盛夏青藏高原热源异常和菲律宾海对流异常存在显著的相互作用。 相似文献
20.
基于1961—2016年5—8月西藏高原环流指数、NCEP再分析资料和新疆96个气象观测站点的降水资料,通过相关分析和合成分析,研究了5月青藏高原上空环流与北疆夏季降水的关系,以及两者之间可能影响的物理机制。结果表明:(1)5月西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ与北疆夏季降水有较好的相关性,相关系数为0.38;(2)5月西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ的强弱变化会影响500hPa的夏季环流特征、夏季地表至300 hPa的水汽通量输送,当指数偏强时,夏季环流形势的配置和水汽输送均有利于北疆夏季降水,反之,则不利于北疆夏季降水;(3)夏季西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ和北疆夏季降水、5月西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ的关系密切,并且5月西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ和青藏高原5月、夏季的感热通量有明显的负相关,通过高原的热力持续性作用,5月西藏高原环流指数Ⅰ的强弱可以影响北疆夏季降水的多少。 相似文献