共查询到10条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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近百年来中国的严重气候灾害 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
根据１８８０～１９９７年的各种气候序列,研究了１１８年中的严重气候灾害．这里严重有两重意义,首先是影响面广,其次是强度大．因此只研究了冷冬、冷夏、多台风、全国多雨、干旱及长江与黄河多雨、干旱等９种气候灾害．以大约１０年一遇为严重灾害,以３０～４０年一遇为异常灾害．给出各种灾害出现的年份,扼要地分析了各种灾害出现的规律及可能的形成原因． 相似文献
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城市洪灾的成因是多方面的，除受地理地形、气候条件等许多自然因素影响外，也受到人类活动等人为因素影响。城市不透水地面增多，城区降水增多及绿地、植被减少，排洪能力差，水体面积减少等，是城市内涝加剧的主要原因。为减轻和预防洪水给城市居民带来生命和财产威胁，应做好防洪规划。在做规划时，除应考虑提高防洪标准、加快建设城市防洪工程并保证其质量、增加地面覆盖度、改善生态环境、妥善管理防洪设施外，还应考虑风险与脆弱性、减少地面沉降及建立现代化防洪体系。 相似文献
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在总结中国国旱涝等重大气候灾害的种类、时空分布特征及其形成机理研究的基础上,分析东亚气候系统对东亚地区水分循环和中国旱涝等重大气候灾害发生的影响;并且,从东亚气候系统各成员,特别是从大气圈中的东亚季风、西太平洋副热带高压、中纬度扰动,海洋圈中的ENSO循环、热带西太平洋暖池和印度洋的热力状态,以及从青藏高原的动力、热力作用、高原积雪等来分析和讨论中国重大气候灾害的形成机理.此外,还结合1998年夏季长江流域的特大洪涝以及从20世纪70年代末迄今华北地区的持续干旱所发生的具体实际,进一步分析了东亚气候系统异 相似文献
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This paper statistically analyzes the effects of climatic natural disasters and political risk on bilateral trade in a large-N sample of countries and years. Our theory suggests that the effects of these forces on trade need to be studied together and that the two forces may interact with one another. In the statistical analysis, the unit of analysis is a pair of countries and the model is based on the trade gravity design. The results show that the direct effects of increases in the incidence of disasters and the political risk level in the importer or the exporter countries are negative, reducing trade. The results for the interaction between the two forces show (1) as the incidence of disasters increases, the marginal effect of political risk on trade becomes more negative, which indicates a greater decline in trade and (2) as political risk declines the marginal effect of disasters becomes less negative, indicating a smaller decline in trade. Additional analyses demonstrate the robustness of these results to changes in model specification, disaster measure, and estimation method. In the bigger picture, our findings suggest that if climate change increases the incidence of climatic disasters as projections of the global science suggest, the growth of economic globalization may decline, ceteris paribus. 相似文献
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该文分析了云南近50年气候生产力变化特征以及气候变化对农业生产的影响.重点对气温、降水与小麦、水稻产量形成的关系进行了研究, 结果表明12月至翌年2月的降水是小麦增减产的关键因子, ≥10 ℃的积温比降水更有利于水稻生产.同时针对制约农业增产的重要气象灾害发生时期进行诊断, 发现小春作物的主要气象灾害是1~2月的冬旱和2~4月的倒春寒, 大春作物的主要气象灾害是5月干旱和7~8月的低温冷害. 相似文献
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Using more than 750 estimates, we perform a meta-regression analysis of studies examining the relationship between economic growth per capita and natural disasters. The studies considered are very different with respect to the type of disasters considered, the sample of countries and time periods covered, model specification, estimators used and publication outlet. After extensive testing of our results, we conclude that there exists a negative genuine effect of natural disasters on economic growth which is increasing over the period of our analysis. Still, the magnitude differs across disasters included and country sample used. In particular, it turns out that climatic disasters in developing countries have the most significant adverse impact on economic growth. However, we also find some evidence that a part of the negative impact of natural disasters found in these studies is caused by a publication bias. 相似文献