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在利用对流参数建立湖北省雷电潜势预报的基础上,重点研究地基微波辐射计资料在改进雷电潜势预报中的应用价值,继而修正对流参数及其阈值区间,由此建立一种可通过后续参数订正实现的雷电短期潜势预报方法。首先对2013年4月29日一次西南涡东移造成的雷电过程中地基微波辐射计资料的可靠性进行了分析,继而通过比较基于单一数值模式和微波辐射计资料计算的不稳定参数与雷电活动的相关性后发现,85%以上的雷电样本活跃在K指数≥33 ℃、T850-500≥23 ℃、A指数≥10 ℃和ΔTd850≤3 ℃等指数范围内,而微波辐射计资料计算的6个不稳定指数显示,与雷电密集区对应的指数中,和雷电相关性较高的K指数、T850-500、A指数分别为35 ℃、25 ℃和12 ℃,使用两种阈值分别对雷电潜势预报方程中的预报因子进行0,1化。个例检验效果表明地基微波辐射计在改进雷电潜势预报落区和概率方面有一定参考作用。 相似文献
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决策树法在雷电潜势预报中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用2005年7～9月、2006年6—9月、2007年6月共8个月的闪电定位仪、常规探空以及T213,数值预报产品等资料作样本,应用决策树方法生成四川省未来12小时雷电潜势预报决策树,并通过雷电潜势预报决策树作四川省2007年8～9月雷电潜势预报。结果表明：该方法对雷电潜势预报效果较好。 相似文献
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利用河南省地面观测站1960-2005年的雷暴观测资料分析了全省雷暴活动的时空分布特征.根据雷暴活动特征和雷暴天气产生的环境场条件,基于T213/T639数值模式输出产品计算了多个大气动力、热力参数,经诊断分析及相关性分析后选取与地闪关系较好的对流稳定度指数、850 hPa假相当位温、400～850 hPa垂直风切变等5个参数作为预报因子,采用ADTD地闪定位资料和T213/T639数值模式输出产品,分别建立雷电潜势预报模型.雷电潜势预报方法于2008-2009年在河南省汛期业务中应用评估表明,基于T213/T639数值产品的雷电潜势预报技术方法可以为河南省雷电天气的落区预报提供客观定量的参考和依据,且两者都对低槽切变型预报效果最好. 相似文献
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从监测、预警和预报3个方面介绍了雷电研究的技术方法,目前国内外最新面向业务应用的研究表明:不同技术共存的多源化观测设备,有效地提高了雷电探测效率;以天气形势分型为主的雷电潜势预报,其预报结果具有很大的不确定性,且其预报精细化程度不够,引入适合本地的物理量参数实现对其结果校准,可以有效地提高雷电潜势预报的准确率;随着数值模式预报向全球化、精细化的发展,基于数值模式的雷电潜势预报是未来的一个重点发展方向;建立在多种高观测频次资料融合和有效外推基础上的临近预报,可提高雷电活动预警预报的准确性,大幅提高雷电预警的提前时间。 相似文献
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以宁夏雷暴、闪电观测资料和ECMWF、T213数值预报产品为基础,采用VB、VC语言和MS SQL Server数据库等编程技术,研制开发了基于相似预报法的宁夏雷电潜势预报业务系统。系统在客观形势相似和影响系统判别的基础上进行物理量相似离度分析,可提供0～168h环流形势和物理量相似预报结果,并以相似离度最小的前10(20)个最佳相似个例中的一个作为预报蓝本,以人机交互的方式完成0～12h雷电潜势预报的制作与分发,增强了雷电潜势预报的客观化和自动化;实现了历史雷电数据的查询、统计、输出、保存、添加入库及闪电信息的统计显示等功能,成为宁夏雷电潜势预报制作发布的主要工作平台。 相似文献
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决策树方法在一次历史异常雷电活动中的预报能力检验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用ncep1°×1°再分析资料和四川闪电定位仪监测网的监测资料,基于四川雷电潜势预报决策树的三类预报因子,针对2008年9月22～25日四川盆地西北部连续性雷电活动过程,重点分析了连续性雷电活动的环流背景和主要天气影响系统、热力结构特征、动力结构特征,检验了基于决策树方法筛选出的雷电潜势预报因子对连续性雷电活动的预报能力.结果表明：1）“9·23”连续性雷暴天气过程存在对流性雷暴以及副高和地面冷空气共同作用下形成的雷暴时段.雷暴区内始终存在着高能不稳定的热力条件,具有“对流层中低层正涡度、对流层高层负涡度”的典型雷暴动力结构.2）雷电潜势预报决策树的三大类预报因子能较好地预报本次雷电活动. 相似文献
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利用气象和环保资料详细分析了武威市空气质量的特点,针对不同季节、不同时次分别建立了沙尘暴短时、短期预报模式及空气质量统计预报、潜势预报模式,经检验效果良好。应用Fortran和VB语言设计编程,建立了武威市空气质量预报系统,该系统包括沙尘暴预报预警服务系统、空气质量统计预报系统和空气质量潜势预报系统,直接和MICAPS系统接口,具有资料处理、动力统计预报、潜势预报等模式计算及资料采集、处理、模式运行、预报显示、产品分发、资料查询、预报评分等多种功能,在业务应用中效果良好。 相似文献
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利用桂林市探空资料和雷暴观测资料对桂林市雷电活动的气候特征、环境场参数与雷电活动的相关性进行分析研究,建立了桂林雷电概率潜势预报方程,为桂林市雷电天气的预报提供了客观、定量的参考依据. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献