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1.
利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。 相似文献
2.
利用1981—2020年5—9月天山南坡16个气象站逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR GDAS再分析资料,分析天山南坡暖季暴雨过程的环流形势,并采用HYSPLIT模式,模拟追踪水汽源地及输送特征。结果表明:天山南坡暖季暴雨主要发生在南亚高压双体型、500 hPa以上西南急流(气流)、700 hPa切变辐合以及天山地形辐合抬升的重叠区域。水汽主要源自中亚、大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近,经TKAP(塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、阿富汗东北部、巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部)、南疆、北疆关键区,分别从偏西、偏南、偏北通道输入暴雨区,700 hPa以上偏西通道、以下偏北通道占主导地位,且贡献最大的是南疆关键区。源自中亚的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa及以下,对暴雨的贡献较大,且沿途损失较大;源自大西洋及其沿岸、地中海和黑海及其附近的水汽主要输送至暴雨区700 hPa以上,对暴雨的贡献较小。另外,中低层还存在源自北疆、南疆、北美洲东部、蒙古的水汽。基于上述特征,建立了天山南坡暖季暴雨过程水汽三维精细化结构模型。 相似文献
3.
万瑜 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2024,18(4):9-16
利用高空、地面常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料，诊断分析了2017年2月新疆天山北坡一次区域性暴雪过程的特征及成因，结合GDAS再分析资料并采用HYSPLIT模式，模拟追踪水汽源地、主要水汽输送通道及其对水汽输送的贡献。结果表明：此次天山北坡暴雪是在典型后倾结构的高低空系统配置下产生的，中、高纬地区短波槽在东移过程中同位相叠加，为暴雪长时间维持提供了稳定的天气尺度背景；暴雪发生时位势不稳定性加强，中低层持续冷垫抬升是主要的动力机制，较强垂直风切变是降雪强度较大的重要原因，高低空急流耦合激发中尺度垂直上升支和次级环流圈，地形作用对暴雪有增幅作用；暴雪主要水汽源地位于阿拉伯半岛西侧的红海和伊朗高原西南侧的波斯湾至阿拉伯海北部一带，水汽通道主要集中在500～850 hPa，水汽辐合区位于700～850 hPa，中高层有偏西气流、中层有西南气流、低层有西北急流将水汽接力输送至暴雪区；利用HYSPLIT模式模拟发现，暴雪期间，西、东、南边界水汽输入均起重要作用，主要水汽输送通道分别为偏西路径、偏西南路径、局地水汽路径，1500 m高度的追踪，三者贡献率大致相当，3000 m高度，局地水汽和偏西路径水汽贡献率更大。 相似文献
4.
北疆典型暴雪天气的水汽特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2000-2012年11月-次年3月北疆51个测站逐日降水量资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日4次1°×1°再分析资料,分析了该时段内北疆11次典型暴雪天气的水汽特征.结果表明,北疆暴雪可分为北疆西部及北疆沿天山型、北疆北部及东部型和北疆西部及西天山型;水汽源地主要分布在地中海附近、红海或波斯湾两个海域附近;水汽输送有西方、西南和西北3条路径,以西南路径最多、西北路径较少.水汽输送最高层接近300 hPa,最强水汽输送层位于650～750 hPa之间,暴雪出现前北疆600～1 000 hPa高度之间存在一定的水汽辐合.北疆地区中低层水汽输送、辐合强度、范围及持续时间与暴雪强度具有较好的正相关关系,暴雪出现前最强水汽输送、水汽辐合以及高空、低空急流的最低阈值为北疆暴雪的定量、定点预报提供了参考依据. 相似文献
5.
在分析2016年7月28日—8月2日新疆西部罕见大暴雨过程环流形势和影响系统的基础上,利用基于拉格朗日方法的轨迹模式HYSPLIT,应用GDAS资料,模拟计算了大暴雨期间不同区域不同高度的水汽输送轨迹、主要通道及不同源地的水汽贡献。结果表明:(1)200 h Pa高空偏西急流、700 h Pa和850 h Pa低空偏东急流及辐合线和500 h Pa稳定"两脊一槽"环流是大暴雨产生的天气背景;(2)大暴雨过程中阿克苏地区北部、伊犁河谷地区和博州地区东部1500、3000和5000 m水汽输送轨迹、主要通道及不同源地的水汽贡献存在差异,其中,阿克苏地区北部1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自中亚地区、中亚地区、地中海北部,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的38%、46%、48%;伊犁河谷地区1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自哈萨克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、黑海南部,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的100%、50%、68%;博州地区东部1500、3000、5000 m水汽分别主要来自西西伯利亚、中亚地区、东欧,水汽贡献分别占该高度水汽的58%、54%、82%。水汽在输送过程中高度多变,以偏东和偏南路径为主输送到大暴雨区上空;(3)欧洲大陆、西西伯利亚、中亚地区等陆地及黑海、里海等海洋是此次大暴雨水汽主要来源。南疆低层偏东风和辐合线在水汽的聚集及向上输送中发挥了重要作用,高空急流产生的次级环流的下沉气流在将高空水汽向下输送中扮演了重要角色。 相似文献
6.
《气象科学进展》2021,(4)
利用气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料、GDAS资料,结合HYSPLIT模式分析2018年1月3—4日鄂北地区大暴雪的异常环流形势和水汽输送特征。结果表明:1)100 hPa极涡向亚洲东北部分裂,极锋急流位置偏南,500 hPa乌山的阻塞形势和偏强偏东的东亚大槽,有利于将强冷空气向我国中东部输送;700 hPa强盛的西南急流配合850?hPa偏东风辐合,提供有利的动力、水汽;地面冷高压势力偏强,从东路南下并不断补充,有利于降雪天气长时间的维持。2)整层水汽通量高值舌从华南沿海伸至长江沿线,鄂北地区水汽输送强度、水汽辐合偏强;4条水汽输送路径分别是650 hPa干冷空气在黄海转向从东北路输送水汽,水汽贡献率排第二;650～700 hPa气团将孟加拉湾的水汽输送至暴雪区,水汽贡献率排第一;500 hPa干冷空气自偏西方向过来,水汽贡献率最少;近地层暖湿气团将南海水汽自偏南路径输送至暴雪区,水汽贡献率排第三。与一般降雪过程比,增加了偏南的输送路径,且水汽贡献最多和次多路径的气团水汽含量更高。 相似文献
7.
2018年3月17-18日乌鲁木齐达坂城谷地出现一次极端暴雪天气过程,降雪量达28.7 mm,为冬半年历年平均降水量的4.35倍,实属罕见。本文利用区域自动气象站小时监测资料、常规与加密观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY-2G卫星相当黑体亮温(TBB)资料,分析此次极端暴雪天气过程。结果表明: 此次极端暴雪发生在3月中旬的初春时节,以500 hPa低涡、700 hPa西南低空急流、切变线及气旋性辐合中心、850 hPa偏北气流作为环流背景的低涡型暴雪；水汽来源主要是地中海、红海的水汽沿着偏西气流经波斯湾-阿拉伯海加强后,随低涡前西南气流输送至暴雪区,另一支通过北大西洋沿西南路径输送至中天山北坡中段,同时有由低涡前偏西气流接力输送的里、咸海水汽补充。2～4 km水汽密度较高,2 km水汽密度最大值为8 g/m3以上；850～700 hPa乌鲁木齐附近为强上升运动区,西北急流受天山阻挡强迫爬升,对中尺度垂直上升支起加强作用,为此次暴雪提供持续的动力支持；乌鲁木齐城区至达坂城一线受斜压不稳定增长,利于暴雪的持续与增强；中尺度云团是造成暴雪最直接的影响系统,强降雪区均位于中尺度云团的北至东北侧TBB等值线梯度最大区。 相似文献
8.
2016年7月31日至8月1日,新疆伊犁河谷发生了一次极端强降水事件,多站突破降水极值。利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°和2.5°×2.5°再分析资料、中国地面卫星雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品、新疆地区常规观测资料、基于地基GPS观测的大气可降水量资料及基于拉格朗日方法的HYSPLIT轨迹模式结果,通过对水汽输送流函数、势函数、水汽输送轨迹和暴雨区水汽收支计算,结合伊犁河谷GPS观测分析,揭示了此次强降水期间的大尺度水汽输送、辐合特征及伊犁河谷局地水汽变化特点。结果表明:（1）强降水期间大西洋及红海均对伊犁河谷的水汽供应具有贡献,河谷处于水汽通量辐合区,向西开口的地形辐合和抬升为局地暴雨的发生提供有利的动力辐合条件。低纬度印度夏季风环流和中纬度大西洋向东输送的气流共同构成伊犁河谷极端降水天气的水汽输送通道,其中印度夏季风西南水汽输送主要集中在对流层低层,对流层中层水汽的输送以大西洋向东气流和低槽自身水汽输送为主。（2）HYSPLIT模拟结果表明暴雨区3000 m中纬度偏西路径的水汽输送最为强盛,偏南路径水汽源于阿拉伯海,对流层底层偏西、偏东路径和中层偏北路径水汽通过垂直运动补充对流层低层的水汽;5000 m水汽输送轨迹以偏西路径和低槽自身携带的水汽为主。（3）降水期间水汽集中在对流层低层,通过垂直输送项向高层输送;强降水时段暴雨区对流层低层南边界水汽流入量迅速增强,中高层水汽流入主要集中在西边界。（4）降水前槽前西南气流造成伊犁河谷测站GPS-PWV明显跃升,强降水时段受印度西南季风影响,测站PWV快速增高并维持,局地GPS-PWV的增加与大尺度水汽输送辐合增强有关。 相似文献
9.
河南省一次区域暴雪和雾凇天气分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用NCEP资料，对2006年2月26—27日河南省出现的区域暴雪过程进行动力、热力和水汽条件诊断分析，并对暴雪过后出现的雾凇天气进行了研究。结果表明：来自孟加拉湾、南海的西南急流以及低层偏东风水汽输送，为暴雪产生提供了充足的水汽条件；高层辐散、低层辐合，为暴雪形成提供了有利的动力条件；暴雪区与700hPa等θse线密集带和散度高值区对应；雪后转晴以及850hPa暖平流，为豫北雾和雾凇的形成提供了合适的暖平流和冷下垫面条件。 相似文献
10.
利用地面观测、高空探测常规资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析以及FY-2G红外云图资料，综合分析了2016年11月10—13日北疆北部的暖区暴雪过程成因，结果表明，此次暴雪天气是在“单阻型”经向环流和有利的高低空天气系统配置下发生的，主要表现为500 hPa东欧阻塞高压脊稳定，西西伯利亚低涡和冷槽东南下至北疆境外的中亚地区，200～500 hPa低涡和冷槽系统深厚且呈前倾结构，低涡底部极锋锋区加强并压至北疆上空，700～850 hPa北疆北部有暖平流和暖脊发展，地面气压场呈“两高夹一低”形势，北疆在地面冷锋前部和暖锋后部的暖区内。中高层西北急流、低层偏西气流和偏东气流三支气流在暴雪区上空汇合，暴雪区位于高空低涡底部西北急流、低层暖平流和切变线、地面暖低压南部的高低空重叠区域内。500 hPa以下仅有一条西方水汽输送路径，最强水汽输送在600～700 hPa，最强水汽辐合位于850 hPa附近，最大暴雪中心（裕民）的水汽输送强度更强、厚度更厚、时间更长，其平均云顶黑体亮温TBB值较富蕴偏高10℃左右。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献