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1.
根据青藏高原气象台站观测积雪日数和均一化气温数据,对高原1951—2004年积雪日数对气温的敏感度进行了量化分析。研究表明,无论是极值敏感度还是当前气候下的敏感度,空间上都呈现出高原四周积雪较中部对气温的敏感程度高的情况。各台站积雪日数对气温最敏感时的临界气温与海拔有着极好的反相关关系,而极值敏感度与海拔虽然也有一定的反相关,但相关程度远不如前者高。在当前气候状态下,有相当一部分台站的平均气温还未达到临界值,这些台站在秋、冬、春、夏季分别占总台站数的36%、39%、47%和11%。未来气候继续变暖背景下,这部分台站积雪日数对气温的敏感度会进一步加大,即积雪对气温的升高会更加敏感。 相似文献
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利用青藏高原55个地面观测站的积雪日数、积雪深度资料,按年、春、夏、秋、冬不同时段分别进行时段距平计算,选取积雪日数、积雪深度均为正、负距平的年份,划分为高原积雪偏多、偏少年,在此基础上选取距平绝对值相对较大的年份为显著多雪年、显著少雪年。然后分析青藏高原积雪异常与广西异常气候事件的关系特征以及青藏高原积雪显著多、少雪年与广西不同时段的降水、气温的关系特征。结果发现:青藏高原积雪偏多、少与广西异常气候事件的关系不十分明显,好的对应概率也只有60%～75%左右,而青藏高原积雪显著多、少雪年对广西某些时段的降水、气温存在全区性的影响。 相似文献
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选取青藏高原东部地区1967~2010年61个测站的积雪数据,分析比较了整年和不同季节高原积雪的年代际变化特征及其与降雪和气温的关系,结果表明:除了秋季以外,高原东部积雪表现出“少雪-多雪-少雪“的显著年代际变化特征,80年代末发生的由少到多突变仅在冬季积雪中表现显著,20世纪末发生的由多到少突变在冬春两季积雪中均表现显著;降雪和气温的变化是影响高原东部积雪的重要因素,降雪变化的影响更加显著,尤其是秋季降雪;在冬春季降雪偏多时段,降雪的变化主导着积雪的变化;在冬春季降雪偏少时段,气温变化的影响增大,某些时段会超过降雪,甚至达到主导积雪变化的程度。 相似文献
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《高原气象》2020,(3)
当前的全球气候模式分辨率较低,难以合理再现青藏高原降水的时空分布特征,动力降尺度方法成为一种有效的手段。本文利用全球气候模式CCSM4的输出结果驱动区域气候模式WRF进行动力降尺度模拟,评估了动力降尺度对青藏高原湿季总降水率和对流降水比例的模拟能力,对比了CCSM4和WRF模式预估的青藏高原湿季总降水、层云降水和对流降水变化差异。结果表明,相比于驱动数据,动力降尺度模拟能更好地再现1998-2005年青藏高原湿季总降水率和对流降水比例空间分布及随海拔分布的特征;WRF模式预估的高原未来(2070-2099年)湿季总降水增加,但空间上呈"北增南减"的变化特征,对流降水的增加导致高原北部总降水增加,而层云降水的减少导致高原南部总降水减少。整体而言,对流降水的增加大于层云降水的减少,且主要发生在海拔4000 m以下。 相似文献
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青藏高原冬春积雪和地表热源影响亚洲夏季风的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原冬春积雪和地表热源的气候效应是青藏高原气候动力学的两个重要内容。大量资料分析和数值试验研究均表明这两个因子对亚洲季风有一定的预测意义,本文对此做了比较系统的回顾和总结,并进一步比较了青藏高原积雪和地表热源影响东亚和南亚夏季降水的异同。结果表明,东亚夏季降水在年际和年代际尺度上均存在"三极型"和"南北反相"型的空间分布特征,高原春季地表热源在年代际和年际尺度上主要影响东亚夏季降水"三极型"模态;在年代际尺度上它是中国东部出现"南涝北旱"格局的重要原因,而高原冬季积雪的作用相反。另一方面,高原冬季积雪在年际和年代际尺度上对印度夏季风降水的预测效果均要优于高原地表热源。无论是空间分布还是时间演变特征,高原冬季积雪与春季地表热源整体上均无统计意义上的显著联系。不断完善高原地面观测网和改进模式在高原地区的模拟性能,将是进一步深入理解高原积雪和地表热源影响亚洲季风物理过程和机制的关键所在。 相似文献
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青藏高原积雪异常与广西气候的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用青藏高原55个地面观测站的积雪日数、积雪深度资料。按年、春、夏、秋、冬不同时段分别进行时段距平计算，选取积雪日数、积雪深度均为正、负距平的年份，划分为高原积雪偏多、偏少年。在此基础上选取距平绝对值相对较大的年份为显着多雪年、显着少雪年。然后分析青藏高原积雪异常与广西异常气候事件的关系特征以及青藏高原积雪显着多、少雪年与广西不同时段的降水、气温的关系特征。结果发现：青藏高原积雪偏多、少与广西异常气候事件的关系不十分明显。好的对应概率也只有60％-75％左右。而青藏高原积雪显着多、少雪年对广西某些时段的降水、气温存在全区性的影响。 相似文献
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利用美国大气研究中心(NCAR)的公用气候系统模式(CCSM2.01)进行了一组改变青藏高原地形高度和地球轨道(岁差)参数的数值模拟试验,以探讨青藏地区地球轨道和地形变化对高原气候的影响。结果表明:同样的岁差强迫,青藏地区与湿度相关的各种气候要素(如降水、地表径流、降雪和积雪深度)在高地形情况下的响应要比在低地形情况下的响应强烈得多。当近日点的时间由现代的1月份变为7月份时(如距今约1万年前的全新世初期),会造成高原中南部及高原南侧夏季降水和径流显著增加,冬季高原西北部降雪增加,但高原中南部的冬季降雪却会明显减少。上述区域气候变化特征与岁差强迫下大气环流的改变密切相关。这些数值模拟结果也有助于理解该地区相关地质气候记录中青藏高原隆升过程对轨道尺度气候变率的调制作用。 相似文献
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ENSO与青藏高原积雪的关系及其对我国夏季降水异常的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
文章利用1979 2005年Nino3区海温时间序列资料和中国雪深时间序列资料,分析了Nino3区海温与青藏高原积雪之间的关系,两者对我国夏季降水的影响以及两者共同作用下对我国夏季降水的影响。分析结果表明：当前期冬春季Nino3区SST为强暖（强冷）事件与高原积雪显著偏多（显著偏少）共同作用的配置下,我国东部夏季雨带往往偏南（偏北）。从月时间尺度方面,揭示了前期冬春季ENSO和冬春季青藏高原积雪对我国长江以南地区降水异常的影响在夏季各月是不一致的,前期冬春季逐月Nino3区SST和冬春季逐月高原积雪对长江以南地区6月的降水都为正相关,而对8月的降水都为反相关,并且春季逐月Nino3区SST和冬春季逐月高原积雪对长江以南地区7月的降水也都为正相关,另外,春季Nino3区SST和春季高原积雪对长江以南地区6月和7月降水更为重要。 相似文献
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为了探究青藏高原积雪不同观测资料间的差异,本文通过定义积雪覆盖率(Snow Cover Percentage,SCP)对比了NOAA-CDR卫星可见光遥感积雪资料、卫星被动微波遥感积雪资料和我国146个台站观测的积雪资料在高原地区的气候态及年际变动特征。从年平均气候态看,微波与可见光资料的SCP分布较为接近,高值区均位于念青唐古拉山与喜马拉雅山南缘之间的山区。而台站资料SCP的高值区范围则相对较小,在高原东部的巴颜喀拉山及南部的念青唐古拉山。3种资料的积雪低值区均位于高原中南部沿雅鲁藏布江一带、阿尔金山北侧以及东边界的内陆省份。从季节平均场看,不同资料的积雪分布在冬季及秋季,无论是气候态还是年际变动均较为类似。在春季时,微波和台站资料间较为一致。而在夏季,资料间差异很大,不同资料间的两两相关接近于零,甚至为负数。本文同时选取了青藏高原地区4个典型台站(索县、清水河、康定、甘孜),将卫星资料插值于台站上,对比3种资料间的异同,以及与地表气温异常间的关系。结果表明,在这4个典型站上,台站SCP在过去36 a中为线性减少的趋势,而卫星SCP主要为线性增加的趋势,且台站年平均SCP与地表气温异常的协同性最好。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献