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利用连续气流纵向热梯度云凝结核仪对我国西北地区2007年夏季空中和地面的云凝结核(CCN)进行观测研究,并对观测结果进行了对比分析。飞机观测资料表明,西北地区的CCN主要来源于地面,近地层浓度较高,CCN浓度随高度增加而减少。污染城市上空的CCN比一般地区上空浓度高,浓度随高度变化趋势相同;地面观测结果显示,CCN具有明显的日变化,与人类活动、气象因子和下垫面相关;污染地区和清洁地区的CCN浓度在相同过饱和度下差异很大,在低过饱和度下浓度相差可达一个量级。根据关系式N=CSk拟合得到的地面CCN活化谱参数,银川地区的C值明显较大(2200),k值较高(约0.7),表明银川地区具有大陆性特征;而祁连山地区C值较低(2200)、k值较高(约0.77),属清洁型大陆性特征。 相似文献
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华北部分地区云凝结核的观测分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用美国DMT公司生产的连续气流单过饱和度云凝结核计数器对华北部分地区地面和空中云凝结核（CCN）进行了观测研究。地面观测结果表明,太原由于污染严重CCN数浓度高于石家庄。CCN数浓度日最大值、日平均值均随过饱和度的增加而增大。CCN数浓度具有明显的日变化特征,与气象因子、人类活动有关。降水对地面CCN具有明显的冲刷作用。利用关系式N=CSk拟合太原地面CCN活化谱,C〉2200cm-3,k〈l,C、k值很高,属于典型的大陆型核谱。飞机观测资料显示,CCN主要来源于地面,数浓度随高度增加明显减少。高空风向发生变化时,长距离气团输送提供CCN二次源。云对CCN有消耗作用,云内CCN比云外明显减少。 相似文献
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晴空云凝结核垂直探测个例分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用机载DMT云凝结核计数器观测了2009年10月13日陕西关中西部晴空云凝结核（CCN）的垂直分布。分析结果显示：关中西部晴天地面CCN平均浓度在过饱和度为0.2%时大于10000个/cm3,大雾天气下地面CCN浓度明显高于晴天。CCN浓度随高度增加而递减,1500 m以下为高值区,1000 m、1550 m、4100 m、5500 m高度的CCN平均浓度在过饱和度为0.4%时分别为8827个/cm3、4439个/cm3、456个/cm3、504个/cm3。 相似文献
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利用连续气流纵向热梯度云凝结核仪对华北地区空中云凝结核（CCN）进行观测研究.2009年飞机观测结果表明,同一块云内CCN数浓度变化范围和平均数浓度随高度增加逐渐减小,云的低层CCN数浓度变化趋势与云滴变化呈负相关,中高空CCN数浓度的水平分布规律与CN并不完全相关;比较三类不同天气条件下不同高度层的CCN谱分布特征发现,阴天和晴天谱型变化较小且较雨天的谱宽,雨天谱分布不连续. 相似文献
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黄山地区不同高度云凝结核的观测分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究华东高山地区云凝结核（Cloud Condensation Nuclei,CCN）沿山峰的垂直变化特征,2011年6月利用云凝结核计数器（Cloud Condensation Nuclei Counter,CCNC）在黄山三个不同高度处对CCN进行观测。观测结果表明,不同高度的CCN浓度随时间的变化趋势基本一致,CCN浓度随高度的升高而减小,过饱和度为0.8%时山顶、山腰、山底CCN浓度平均值分别为1105.62、1218.39和1777.78 cm-3,山底的高CCN浓度（大于1000 cm-3）出现频率大于山腰和山顶,表明山底受周边污染源的影响较山顶和山腰大。山顶和山底的日变化曲线均为双峰型,两个峰值分别出现在午前和午后,与大气边界层高度及山谷风变化有关。利用公式N=CSk拟合了山顶在不同天气条件下CCN活化谱,并分析了其变化特征。结果显示,晴天、雨天和雾天的C值分别为2798、384、765,小于一些污染城市,属于清洁大陆型核谱。本文结果有助于改进对华东背景地区云凝结核时空分布的认识,为该地区云雾核化在数值模式中的表达提供观测依据和参数化方案。 相似文献
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气溶胶的时空分布及其核化成云的转化过程是云降水物理研究的重点,也是气候变化中气溶胶间接效应关注的热点问题。利用2013～2014年期间在华北中部山西地区开展的9架次夏季晴天和积云天气情况下的气溶胶、云凝结核（CCN）及云滴数浓度观测资料,分析研究了气溶胶的垂直分布、谱分布、来源特征及其与云凝结核、云滴数浓度的转化关系。研究结果表明,大气边界层逆温层结对气溶胶、CCN垂直分布有重要影响,不同天气条件下气溶胶谱型在低层差异较大而高层基本一致;垂直方向上CCN数浓度与气溶胶数浓度有较好的相关性,过饱和度0.3%条件下CCN比率（云凝结核/凝结核）与气溶胶有效直径呈线性关系;积云云下气溶胶与云滴的线性拟合方程为y=1.3x?616.3,拟合相关系数为0.96,气溶胶转化为云滴的比率可达到47%。在过饱和度0.3%条件下,云下CCN与云滴的线性拟合方程为y=1.6x?473.8,拟合相关系数也为0.96,CCN转化为云滴的比率可达到69%。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(3)
2009年秋季利用夏延飞机观测平台对河北中南部雾霾天气条件下的气溶胶及云凝结核CCN进行观测,得到气溶胶、CCN数浓度及尺度的垂直廓线及粒子谱等特征,研究雾霾天大气气溶胶的分布、来源特征以及气溶胶与云凝结核的转化关系。研究发现:霾天气条件下边界层附近的气溶胶垂直分布特征有很大不同。边界层以上气溶胶浓度随高度递减,数浓度量级约101~102个·cm~(-3);边界层附近和近地面气溶胶浓度有峰值出现,近地面数浓度量级达103个·cm~(-3)。气溶胶粒子平均直径范围为0.16~0.18μm。600 m、1 000~2 000 m之间的气溶胶平均粒子谱大体呈单峰分布;3 000~4 000 m、6 000~6 900 m之间的粒子谱呈双峰分布。受气溶胶来源及特性差异的影响,在0.3%过饱和度下,3 000 m以下的气溶胶活化为CCN的比例不到20%,3 000 m以上活化比例高达50%。Hysplit后向轨迹模拟的气团移动轨迹显示,6 000 m以上的大气高层受我国西北地区远距离输送作用影响,沙尘粒子吸湿活化为CCN。低层气溶胶主要受下垫面及近地面污染排放影响,气溶胶尺度相对较小,气溶胶转化为CCN的比例低于高层。CCN浓度随过饱和度的增加呈增大趋势。利用多项式对气溶胶浓度和CCN浓度进行拟合,拟合结果与实测谱吻合较好。 相似文献
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山西云微物理特征的地面观测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用连续气流纵向热梯度云凝结核仪和激光降水粒子谱测量仪对山西地面的云凝结核和雨滴谱进行了观测研究.研究结果表明,云凝结核(CCN)数浓度具有明显的日变化特征,1天出现了两次峰值,数浓度日变化与气象因子、人类活动有关.降水对CCN具有冲刷作用.利用关系式NCCN=CSk拟合得到的地面CCN活化谱参数C值明显较大,k值较高,属于典型的大陆型核谱.对层状云、层积云降水雨滴微物理特征参量分析发现:3次层状云、层积云降水雨滴数密度变化范围分别为74～229 m-3、305～743 m-3,平均含水量量级分别为10-2 g/m3、10-1g/m3,最大雨滴直径分别为1.78 mm、4.7 mm.对层状云降水雨滴的数密度和雨强贡献较大的分别是小于1 mm、0.2～2 mm的雨滴;对层积云降水雨滴的数密度和雨强贡献较大的分别是0.2～2 mm、1～3 mm的雨滴.层积云出现稳定谱的比例高于层状云.从瞬时谱型分布看,层状云出现单、双、三峰多,第四、五峰值的频率比较少,层积云雨滴谱分布没有出现指数型,常有多峰.从平均谱分布看,层状云谱宽窄于层积云,层状云雨滴平均谱服从指数分布,层积云曲线呈向下弯曲的趋势.对汾阳2008年7月17日一次积层混合云降水雨滴谱资料分析发现积层混合云降水雨滴微物理量起伏大,降水雨强主要由雨滴数密度决定.相同雨强下,若有相对更多的大雨滴,雷达反射率会更大一些.随着强回波云块的过境,雨滴数浓度、雨滴谱峰值个数、谱宽均明显增大. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献