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1.
复杂地形下地面观测资料同化III. 两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异方法的对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
模式地形与观测站地形高度差异是地面资料同化方案设计中的一大难点。本文通过个例和单点试验对第I和第II部分 (徐枝芳等, 2007a, 2007b) 中涉及的两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的地面资料同化方法 (即增加温度地形代表性误差和温度订正方法) 进行对比分析, 并将这两种方法应用于WRF_3DVAR, 进行3个月的连续数值试验。研究结果表明: 随着地形高度差异的增加, 采用增加观测误差方法得到的估计值向其它资料同化分析值 (背景场值) 靠近, 在一定的高度差异下则失去了同化分析地面资料的意义; 温度订正方法对温度递减率的取值较为敏感, 在有探空资料参与同化分析时, 温度递减率取值敏感性相对减弱。当采用的订正值较为准确时, 采用温度订正方法较增加观测误差方法能更好地处理两种地形高度差异, 地面资料信息应用更充分, 得到的估计值最有可能接近真实值。当模式地形与观测站地形高度差异较小 (小于100 m) 时, 两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的方法达到的效果基本一致。单点及个例试验表明, 有探空资料等高质量观测参与同化分析时, 采用增加观测误差方法得到分析场更接近真实场。三个月连续试验也表明有探空资料参与同化分析时, 采用增加观测误差方法比温度订正法改进的郭永润同化方案 (Guo et al., 2002) 同化地面资料效果好, 且加入地面资料同化对所有量级降水预报都有所改善。当地面资料同化方案没处理好时, 加入地面资料同化的效果反而不如不加地面资料同化。 相似文献
2.
《大气科学》2009,33(6)
模式地形与观测站地形高度差异是地面资料同化方案设计中的一大难点.本文通过个例和单点试验对第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ部分(徐枝芳等,2007a,2007b)中涉及的两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的地面资料同化方法(即增加温度地形代表性误差和温度订正方法)进行对比分析,并将这两种方法应用于WRF_3DVAR,进行3个月的连续数值试验.研究结果表明:随着地形高度差异的增加,采用增加观测误差方法得到的估计值向其它资料同化分析值(背景场值)靠近,在一定的高度差异下则失去了同化分析地面资料的意义;温度订正方法对温度递减率的取值较为敏感,在有探空资料参与同化分析时,温度递减率取值敏感性相对减弱.当采用的订正值较为准确时,采用温度订正方法较增加观测误差方法能更好地处理两种地形高度差异,地面资料信息应用更充分,得到的估计值最有可能接近真实值.当模式地形与观测站地形高度差异较小(小于100 m)时,两种解决模式地形与观测站地形高度差异的方法达到的效果基本一致.单点及个例试验表明,有探空资料等高质量观测参与同化分析时,采用增加观测误差方法得到分析场更接近真实场.三个月连续试验也表明有探空资料参与同化分析时,采用增加观测误差方法比温度订正法改进的郭永润同化方案(Guo et al.,2002)同化地面资料效果好,且加入地面资料同化对所有量级降水预报都有所改善.当地面资料同化方案没处理好时,加入地面资料同化的效果反而不如不加地而资料同化. 相似文献
3.
针对双权重标准差法对探空温度质量控制中阈值参数不确定的问题，提出了以正态波形指标偏度和峰度为判定依据的阈值Z参数优化算法。利用2017年福建3部探空温度资料和ERA5模式再分析温度数据，对探空温度增量数据进行不同数据集质控前后对比分析总结出：峰偏值CKS随阈值Z的分布曲线表明阈值Z偏大则会造成质控不完全，阈值Z偏小则会造成过度质控；以峰偏值CKS所确定的最优阈值Z双权重标准差法比固定阈值的更符合模式同化系统正态分布要求，为探空温度数据在模式同化的应用提供了更好的质控方法。在质控前后温度增量分布特征上，温度观测增量总是以某一固定增量值在整个气压高度上剔除离群值，其中57.15%的离群点主要分布在0～100 hPa范围内，42.85%的离群点均匀分布在100～1000 hPa范围内，其中0～100 hPa范围内温度增量绝对值大于10 ℃的异常点是由于温度传感器受太阳辐射等因素影响超出了正常探测误差范围，这些异常点可以在质控前提前剔除，进一步提升探空温度数据质量。 相似文献
4.
李平 《高原山地气象研究》2014,34(3):30-35
本文以探空温度资料和T639模式资料为基础,对比双权重质量控制方法与传统标准差法质量控制的差异,结果表明:传统法得出的平均值、标准差均偏大。离群点的判断对标准差敏感度高,受平均值的影响小。两种质量控制方法得出的平均值相差较小,标准差相差较大,质量控制后,传统法对平均值和标准差的改变较大,而双权重法使平均值、标准差略有变化,因此双权重标准差法的稳定性好。质量控制结果显示:双权重法能全部剔除由传统法确定的离群点,还能检查出传统法不识别的离群点。两种方法在探空高层离群点判断上存在较大有差异,虽然双权重标准差法使得离群点增加很多,但提高了观测增量的精确度,有效保障了探空资料质量。双权重质量控制结果使探空观测与T639模式的温度增量的相关系数与标准差均有改进,尤其在西藏东部改进较大。 相似文献
5.
第I部分研究结果(徐枝芳等,2007)表明模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对地面观测资料同化效果有较大影响。此文在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析,考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对同化效果的影响,提出在地面观测误差中增加地形代表性误差来解决这个问题。研究结果表明:地面资料同化分析时,在其观测误差中加入一项新的误差——地形代表性误差,能较好地解决地面资料同化分析中模式与观测站地形高度差异问题;地面资料参与同化分析,在观测误差中加入与模式和实际观测站地形高度差异大小相关的地形代表性误差时,地面观测值对分析值的影响随着地形高度差异代表性误差的加入而减小,同时又部分地将地面观测信息通过变分分析融进分析场,使得低层分析更接近真实场,且地面资料利用率更高,24小时降水数值预报(模拟)的效果较好。 相似文献
6.
第Ⅰ部分研究结果 (徐枝芳等, 2007) 表明模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对地面观测资料同化效果有较大影响.此文在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析, 考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异对同化效果的影响, 提出在地面观测误差中增加地形代表性误差来解决这个问题.研究结果表明: 地面资料同化分析时, 在其观测误差中加入一项新的误差--地形代表性误差, 能较好地解决地面资料同化分析中模式与观测站地形高度差异问题; 地面资料参与同化分析, 在观测误差中加入与模式和实际观测站地形高度差异大小相关的地形代表性误差时, 地面观测值对分析值的影响随着地形高度差异代表性误差的加入而减小, 同时又部分地将地面观测信息通过变分分析融进分析场, 使得低层分析更接近真实场, 且地面资料利用率更高, 24小时降水数值预报 (模拟) 的效果较好. 相似文献
7.
利用2006—2013年南京站、安庆站和杭州站探空资料,讨论华东地区探空气球的漂移特征。设计不考虑气球漂移、考虑全部气球漂移和考虑部分气球漂移3个试验,比较3种情况下三角形法计算的散度差异。结果表明:气球漂移主要受大气环流及其变化影响,纬向上7月和8月气球随高度增加,先向东漂移、后向西漂移,其他月份以向东漂移为主,冬季漂移距离大;经向上受季风影响明显。考虑全部和部分气球漂移与不考虑气球漂移的散度对比表明,平均绝对偏差各月在对流层顶附近均有极大值;相对偏差季节分布明显,前者在6—9月较大,极大值略大于7%,后者冬季大,1月在200 hPa达到25%,在50 hPa超过50%。因此,利用三角形法计算散度所在层次较高或所使用资料中传统探空和特种探空并存时,均需考虑气球漂移影响。 相似文献
8.
L波段分钟数据在WRF模式中的变分同化应用试验 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为探讨蕴含气球漂移信息的高垂直分辨率L波段分钟探空数据在同化预报中的应用及影响,在初步讨论其基本特征的基础上,采用廓线和逐点两种同化方式,开展单站、降水个例及批量分钟探空同化试验,并与常规探空同化试验对比,得到以下主要结论:分钟数据可补充常规探空无法解析的垂直信息并提供气球漂移精确定位数据;同化分钟探空可有效增加观测在分析中的权重,使分析场更接近实况,逐点较廓线同化的结果差异主要在对流层上层;同化整个预报区域的分钟数据对模式的分析和预报性能有一定影响,漂移造成的风场同化差异在200 hPa及我国北方高空急流位置更明显;整体而言同化分钟数据可一定程度提升模式初始场(高层风场和低层水汽场)品质,主要改善对流层高空风和大量级降水预报性能. 相似文献
9.
做好风廓线雷达水平风探测数据与气球探空的对比分析,对于更进一步用好这种仪器十分必要。采用北京南郊2014—2018年5年探空资料,对该站同期风廓线雷达水平风资料从总体平均、早中晚、不同天空状况及平均年变化等方面进行对比分析。结果表明:①5年平均均方根误差U分量在2.2～5.0m/s之间,V分量在2.3～3.6m/s之间,均在850hPa高度最小。平均误差U分量均为负,表明近5年风廓线雷达所测U分量比气球探空的偏小;且随高度其绝对值是增大的。V分量仅在700hPa高度为负,也在该高度最小。U、V分量分别在500hPa和850hPa高度相似程度最好。5年综合来看,850和700hPa高度风与气球探空更接近。②中午误差低于早晚,这与中午大气湍流比较强盛有关。③云量较多时误差相对较小,云量少时(特别是晴空)误差较大,反映出这种仪器对湿度比较敏感。④夏季或夏半年U、V分量与气球探空的差异较小、相似程度好,尤以6或7月最突出;冬季或冬半年差异较大、相似程度较差,尤以12或1月明显。这在实际业务和科研使用时需注意。 相似文献
10.
不同观测资料在西南地区数值预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用3.4版WRF同化与预报系统开展自动站、探空、GPS大气可降水量和云迹风资料的同化对比试验,了解现有业务中已同化观测资料在新版系统中的应用效果,确定资料同化优选方案,为西南区域中心数值预报业务改进提供参考。试验表明:(1)自动站资料测站多、分布不均,对初猜场低层要素调整作用大,会减小温度、相对湿度误差;探空资料站点少、垂直信息丰富,对初猜场各层误差减小均有贡献;云迹风资料垂直分布不均,集中在对流层中高层,因此对初猜场的最大调整集中在中高层,会减小位势高度误差;GPS测站少,被剔除的比例高,对初猜场调整作用很小;(2)单独同化试验发现探空、云迹风资料有助于该地区降水预报改进,而自动站和GPS资料对降水预报有负作用;(3)同时同化探空、云迹风资料有利于西南地区降水预报准确率提高,尤其对大降水中心预报。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献