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1.
利用多时间尺度ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料、ＴＢＢ资料，通过合成分析、动力诊断、理论探讨和数值模拟等方法，对华南暴雨发生时副热带高压的短期变异进行了探讨。结果表明，华南暴雨发生前副热带高压有一西伸一东撤的过程，而华南暴雨发生在副高东撤到接近最东时。利用Ｌ９Ｒ１５谱模式模拟了孟加拉湾异常热源对副热带高压西仲的影响，数值模拟结果表明孟加拉湾异常热源可能是副热带高压西伸的可能机制。而正的涡度的局地变化可能是副高东撤的因素。 相似文献
2.
使用松花江、嫩江流域内９４个地面气象观测站１９９８年６￣８月逐日降水资料和同期的ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ再分析资料,分析了造成１９９８年夏季中国东北地区松花江、嫩江流域出现超历史纪录特大洪水大暴雨过程时的水汽输送。分析结果认为,关键来自西太平洋副热带高压南部低纬热带地区和印度洋洋面。制约水汽输送的条件主要是西太平洋副热带高压南北位置、低空偏南急流强弱等。 相似文献
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空间非均匀加热对副热带高压形成和变异的影响Ⅱ:陆面感热与东太平洋副高 总被引：37，自引：8，他引：29
在文献［４］尺度分析的基础上,通过对 Ｎ Ｃ Ｅ Ｐ／ Ｎ Ｃ Ａ Ｒ 月平均资料的分析,并利用 Ｉ Ａ Ｐ／ Ｌ Ａ Ｓ Ｇ Ｇ Ｏ Ａ Ｌ Ｓ全球气候模式进行模拟和试验,研究了东太平洋北美地区副热带高压主体的形成及变化规律。基于全型垂直涡度方程的诊断分析指出,北美陆地的表面感热通量是决定该地区副热带高压中心位置及其季节变化的关键因素。数值模拟和敏感性试验进一步表明,夏半年陆面感热加热是导致１０００ ｈ Ｐａ 太平洋副热带高压及５００ ｈ Ｐａ 北美副热带高压形成和变化的最重要原因。 相似文献
4.
海陆分布对海气相互作用的调控和副热带高压的形成 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
首先回顾了近年来关于副热带高压形成和变异研究的若干动力学进展,阐明夏季副热带“四叶型”LOS-ECOD加热分布型的内涵。在此基础上研究海陆分布对海气相互作用的调控,揭示了“四叶型”加热形成的物理基础,并进一步阐明“四叶型”加热拼图及其与副热带高压形成和变异的联系。 文章还回顾了关于副热带高压中短期变异的动力研究的最新进展。给出了影响中国江淮流域持续性降水的副热带高压三维结构的空间分布型;指出东西风带扰动的传播和高／低纬扰动的正压发展是影响副热带高压变异和中国夏季降水的一种可能机制,最后证明青藏高原夏季的强加热能激发纬向非对称不稳定发展,产生南亚高压的东／西部型双模态及准双周振荡。还证明初夏低纬的强对流降水／台风也能激发纬向非对称不稳定发展,影响西太平洋副热带高压异常和中国淮河流域的持续性降水。 相似文献
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西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率受热带多个关键海区的海-气相互作用过程调控, 但彼此间的因果关联和影响机制尚不清楚。为揭示西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率与热带海温及大气环流异常之间的内在关联特性, 定义了三个关键海区以及赤道纬向西风区的特征指数, 并分别与西太平洋副热带高压强度、脊线指数进行了交叉小波和相干小波分析。研究发现:西太平洋副热带高压指数存在显著的2~3年和准5年的周期振荡, 20世纪八九十年代后, 由于暖池区海温及赤道纬向西风区的Hadley环流强迫加强, 致使副热带高压特征指数的2~3年周期振荡加强; 从位相关系看, 先是西太平洋副热带高压减弱南撤导致纬向西风加强, 其后影响赤道东太平洋海温升高, 同时暖水向东传, 使赤道中太平洋以及暖池区海温逐渐升高, 在Hadley环流作用下使副高加强北抬。基于上述西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率与热带海温及大气环流异常变化相关性诊断研究, 进一步探讨了造成这种相关性的影响机理和因果关联, 为揭示西太平洋副热带高压年际变率与热带海温及大气环流异常的相关性做探索研究。 相似文献
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青藏高原高空流型对西太平洋台风路径影响的诊断分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用观测研究,动力诊断分析等手段,从上下游效应、中低纬相互作用的角度来探讨青藏高原高空天气系统的变化与西太平洋台风运动两者之间的关系。1970~1995年25年间的统计结果表明,青藏高原高空流型与台风路径有如下关系:高原高空500 hPa为低值系统控制时,有利于台风西行;反之,高原高空500 hPa为高压时,近海台风往往转向。动力诊断分析的结果揭示了高原上空系统影响下游系统的物理机制,即高原上游扰动动能的传递使得下游的槽发展,并进一步影响台风的引导气流。高原脊的存在,使得涡动动能的输送通道偏北;高原上为槽时,涡动动能的输送通道偏南。高原槽前的南风和台风东侧南风将低纬度的低位涡输入副热带高压,有利于副热带高压的发展,影响台风运动,体现了中低纬相互作用对天气系统的影响。 相似文献
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9.
湿过程对北半球夏季大气环流的作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文在Lorenz低谱湿模式中,引进温度和全露点温度垂直递减率随空间、时间的变化,积云对流调整和地形,设计与实施了十个时间积分大于90天的数值试验.结果指出:小尺度湿对流与大尺度环境场的相互作用,使对流上层增暖,下层变干,平均纬向风速极大值减小,非绝热加热场水平梯度加大,流型经向度及副热带高压强度增加. 从不同的初始场、不同的湿对流调整范围、不同的副热带高压强度演变方向所进行的试验均表明:湿过程与大尺度环境场的相互作用,使模拟的副热带高压加强.这意昧着湿过程在夏季副热带高压的形成、发展和维持方面,可能有着实质性的作用. 相似文献
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11.
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) has been shown to play an important role in climatic diagnosis
and long-term prediction and research. With the OLR data 1974 ~ 1997 as observed by satellites, the
characteristics are computed. The results are used to depict the location and intensity of the subtropical high in
the study of the relationship between the annual frequency of tropical cyclones affecting the Fujian province and
ITCZ / subtropical high. It is shown that in years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones, the ITCZ is southward
(northward) located with weaker (stronger) intensity, and the subtropical high is southward (northward). As
shown in the relationship between the anomalous years of tropical cyclones and characteristics of preceding
OLR fields, the OLR anomalies are just oppositely distributed in the Pacific Ocean for years of more (fewer)
tropical cyclones. In other words, the years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones are associated with positive
anomalies of OLR in the tropical west Pacific but negative (positive) anomalies in the equatorial central and
eastern Pacific. It is hoped that our study be setting foundation for short-term climatological prediction of tropical cyclones. 相似文献
12.
1 INTRODUCTION Locating in mid-latitude East Asia monsoon region, the Shandong province is marked by significant monsoon climate. Precipitation in summer (from June to August) takes up about 60% of the annual total[1] and drought and flood damages take place frequently. The province is in a zone where the northern and southern climates change into each other for it is between two plains, the North China Plain and Chang Jiang R (the Yangtze).-Huai He R. Plain. Droughts and floods in … 相似文献
13.
利用中国测站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了近35年华南降水季节演变的年代际变化特征及其相关的大气环流异常特征。华南地区降水季节分布型在1990年代初期发生了年代际转变,其中,华南西部降水在1990年之前为双峰型分布,1990年之后变为以6月为峰值的单峰型分布;华南东部降水在1990年之前是以5月、8月为峰值的弱双峰型分布,1990年之后变为以6月、8月为峰值的显著双峰型分布。华南东、西部降水季节分布的年代际变化分别与华南全区6月降水量的年代际增加以及8月华南东、西部降水显著反相的年代际变化（东多西少）密切相关。1990年之后,大雨及以上强降水事件发生频率的增强是导致上述年代际变化的主要原因。华南6月降水年代际的增强与南海区域的西北太平洋副热带高压（简称西太副高）脊线位置的年代际异常偏南密切相关。7月华南地区降水的年代际增加与西太副高年代际东撤及影响华南地区的热带气旋频数年代际增多有关。8月华南东、西部降水显著反相的年代际变化（东多西少）,一方面受印度洋及南海上空夏季风年代际减弱的影响,使得输送到华南西部的水汽减少,另一方面西太副高的年代际增强并西伸,使得源自副高西南侧的水汽更直接输送至华南东部地区有关;同时也与登陆和影响华南东、西部的热带气旋的年代际增多和减少有关。 相似文献
14.
ON THE PROCESS OF SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER EAST ASIA 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 andNCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,thedistribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in thispaper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asianregion from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropicalmonsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and therecurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.Thelatter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South ChinaSea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northwardshift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-floodrainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfallappeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China thenformed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoononset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into SouthChina Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
15.
利用JMA最佳TC路径资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,普查了1961—2010年宁夏的暴雨个例,并对影响宁夏的热带气旋远距离暴雨进行了统计和合成分析。结果表明:宁夏各测站远距离暴雨日数在暴雨总日数中普遍占比达30%~46%,是宁夏暴雨类型里十分重要的一类。远距离暴雨主要集中发生在8月,较宁夏暴雨气候多发期推迟10~20天。台湾岛及其以东洋面和海南岛附近是宁夏产生远距离暴雨的热带气旋高频影响关键区,在两个TC高频影响区域之间还存在一个少台风甚至无台风影响的海域。进一步诊断分析表明,热带气旋、中纬度槽(涡)、副热带高压、水汽通道及高空急流是产生远距离暴雨的主要影响系统。根据诊断特征将远距离暴雨分为两类,揭示其环流差异主要体现在热带气旋和副高位置、水汽输送通道及海平面气压场,并在此基础上归纳了两类远距离暴雨的预报概念模型。 相似文献
16.
Using IAP-AGCM, a model developed by the institute of atmospheric research, Academia Sinica,controlled numerital expertrients on SST and east Asian circulation have been performed and some conclusions have been reached as follows. The abnomality of subtropical high has a two-month remote lagging response to SSTA of the western tropical Pacific, the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Theabnormality always appears in pair for the western Pacific subtrphal high and the eastern Pacific subtropical high, with the latter beginning earlier than the former. When the SST of the western trophal Pacific, South China Sea and Bay of Bengal anomalously decreases(increases), the subtropical high iskept anomalously more to the south(north),consistently so is the location at which two zonal geopotential waves meet in the subtropical western Pacific. Under the action of the SSTA above and when ablocking pattern over east Asia continent appears, the assembling location of the joinin8 waves for thewestern Pacific is closely related to that of the blocking high, which is especially important to consistentabnormality of the subtropical high. 相似文献
17.
IMPACT OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION ON THE TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this work,an index of tropical 20-90 d oscillation(intra-seasonal oscillation;ISO)in the western North Pacific(WNP)was determined via the combined empirical orthogonal function(EOF)method using daily outgoing longwave radiation(OLR)field data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA),daily wind field data(at 850 hPa)from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and referencing the Madden-Julian oscillation(MJO)index proposed by Wheeler and Hendon.An in-depth investigation was conducted to examine the impact of the ISO on changes in tropical cyclone(TC)tracks in the WNP during different ISO phases.The research results indicate that during the easterly phase of the ISO,under the impact of the northeastern airflow of anti-cyclonic ISO circulation,the easterly airflow south of the western Pacific subtropical high is relatively weak,and TCs generated in the subtropical high tend to change their tracks east of 140°E;during the westerly phase,there is a relatively high probability that TCs change their tracks west of 140°E.This work also analyzed the ISO flow field situation in cases of typhoons and determined that the track of a tropical cyclone will experience a sudden right turn when the center of the ISO cyclonic(anti-cyclonic)circulation coincides with that of the cyclone. 相似文献
18.
Using daily observational rainfall data covered 194 stations of China from 1961 to 1995 and NCEP model analyzed pentad precipitation data of global grid point from 1979 to 1997,the distribution of onset date of rainy season over Asian area from spring to summer is studied in this paper.The analyzed results show that there exist two stages of rainy season onset over East Asian region from spring to summer rainy season onset accompanying subtropical monsoon and tropical monsoon respectively.The former rain belt is mainly formed by the convergence of cold air and the recurred southwesterly flow from western part of subtropical high and westerly flow from the so-called western trough of subtropical region occurring during winter to spring over South Asia.The latter is formed in the process of subtropical monsoon rain belt over inshore regions of South China Sea originally coming from south of Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin advancing with northward shift of subtropical high after the onset of tropical monsoon over South China Sea.The pre-flood rainy season over South China region then came into mature period and the second peak of rainfall appeared.Meiyu,the rainy season over Changjiang-Huaihe River Basin and North China then formed consequently.The process of summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea in 1998 is also discussed in this paper.It indicated that the monsoon during summer tropical monsoon onset over South China Sea is the result of the westerly flow over middle part of South China Sea,which is from the new generated cyclone formed in north subtropical high entering into South China Sea,converged with the tropical southwesterly flow recurred by the intensified cross-equatorial flow. 相似文献
19.
夏季西太平洋副热带高压准双周振荡的动力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用动力学分析的方法对西太平洋副热带高压准双周振荡的机制进行了探讨。结果表明:在东亚特定的环流条件下,东亚大陆季风雨带和南海至西太平洋地区热带雨带凝结潜热的热力强迫作用均可激发出天气尺度的准双周CISK波动,其波动动能向东亚大陆副热带地区的频散变化存在一种“自我调整”过程,从而引导西太平洋副热带高压的进退。 相似文献
20.
The formation of a tropical cyclone is the result of a process in which an initial disturbance evolves into a warm-core low-pressure system; however, the origin of the initial disturbance and the features of the initial fields are overlooked in most existing theories. In this study, based on FY-2C brightness temperature data and the Japan reanalysis dataset, the origin and evolution of the tropical disturbance that became Typhoon Fung-Wong (2008) were examined. The results demonstrated that the initial disturbance emerged within a saddle-type field with large vertical tropospheric wind shear. The vertical wind shear decreased with the adjustment of the upper circulation; moreover, accompanied by convection over the warm section around the upper cold vortex, it provided favorable thermal and dynamic conditions for the development of a tropical vortex. During its development, the zone of associated positive relative vorticity strengthened and descended from the mid-troposphere to lower levels. This rapid strengthening of lower-level vorticity was due to increasing convergence related to the intensification of the pressure gradient southwest of the subtropical high. This indicated that the upper cold vortex and West Pacific subtropical high played very important roles in this case. 相似文献