共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In this paper,a hindcast study of the record-breaking rainfall event occurring in Beijing on 21July 2012,is conducted by using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)model forced by National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Global Forecasting System(GFS)outputs,paired with an investigation of the impact of topography in this region.The results indicate that WRF can reasonably predict the salient features of orographic precipitation;the 24-h rainfall amount and spatial distribution compare reasonably well with the observations.The hindcast simulation also indicates that rainfall events can be predicted approximately 36 h ahead.When the topography is removed,the spatial distribution of rainfall changes remarkably,suggesting the importance of the topography in determining rainfall structure.These results also indicate that prediction of such city-scale heavy rainfall events would benefit from a high-resolution prediction system. 相似文献
2.
南京地区城市下垫面特征对雷暴过程影响的数值模拟 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
本文选取2011年7月23日发生在南京的一次雷暴个例, 利用中尺度数值模式WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model),耦合Noah/UCM,并采用NCEP FNL 1°×1°每日4次的全球分析场资料作为初始场及南京自动站观测数据等,对南京地区城市下垫面特征对雷暴过程的影响进行了数值模拟。结果表明:模拟的雷暴发生发展过程与该地区城市下垫面有着密切的联系。首先,雷暴发生前期,南京地区热岛效应明显。其次,城市上空的感热通量较高,结合城郊下垫面热力差异造成的城市热岛环流,加强了城区的辐合上升,为雷暴的形成提供了重要的抬升作用。城市下垫面扩张,使其上空边界层高度相应提升,垂直混合高度增加,有助于对流云的发展。此外,城市下垫面加强了大气低层的扰动位温,为雷暴提供了不稳定的层结条件。最后,城市地表较大的粗糙度使雷暴降水在城区低层的迎风面一侧明显增强。 相似文献
3.
To improve the accuracy of short-term(0–12 h) forecasts of severe weather in southern China, a real-time storm-scale forecasting system, the Hourly Assimilation and Prediction System(HAPS), has been implemented in Shenzhen, China. The forecasting system is characterized by combining the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW)model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS) three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR) package. It is capable of assimilating radar reflectivity and radial velocity data from multiple Doppler radars as well as surface automatic weather station(AWS) data. Experiments are designed to evaluate the impacts of data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting(QPF) by studying a heavy rainfall event in southern China. The forecasts from these experiments are verified against radar, surface, and precipitation observations. Comparison of echo structure and accumulated precipitation suggests that radar data assimilation is useful in improving the short-term forecast by capturing the location and orientation of the band of accumulated rainfall. The assimilation of radar data improves the short-term precipitation forecast skill by up to9 hours by producing more convection. The slight but generally positive impact that surface AWS data has on the forecast of near-surface variables can last up to 6–9 hours. The assimilation of AWS observations alone has some benefit for improving the Fractions Skill Score(FSS) and bias scores; when radar data are assimilated, the additional AWS data may increase the degree of rainfall overprediction. 相似文献
4.
在程锐等（2018）中,我们完成了非静力AREM（Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model）模式动力框架设计。本文将通过理想和实例试验检验其模拟能力。设计理想试验并通过与国际成熟的中尺度非静力框架比较,直接检验非静力AREM三维动力框架在细致分辨率（约1 km）下的模拟性能。可以看出,非静力AREM与ARPS（Advanced Regional Prediction System）、WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting Model）模拟出类似的积云对流结构及演变特征,从而基本确证了本文发展的非静力框架的正确性。结合原静力平衡模式的初始化和物理参数化过程,形成非静力AREM模式系统。台风实例模拟表明,粗分辨率下静力、非静力AREM模式性能接近;但在高分辨率下,非静力明显优于静力模式。我们还开展了批量降水试验检验,对非静力AREM模式性能进行了进一步的验证。 相似文献
5.
A single-model,short-range,ensemble forecasting system (Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Regional Ensemble Forecast System,IAP REFS) with 15-km grid spacing,configured with multiple initial conditions,multiple lateral boundary conditions,and multiple physics parameterizations with 11 ensemble members,was developed using the Weather and Research Forecasting Model Advanced Research modeling system for prediction of stratiform precipitation events in northern China.This is the first part of a broader research project to develop a novel cloud-seeding operational system in a probabilistic framework.The ensemble perturbations were extracted from selected members of the National Center for Environmental Prediction Global Ensemble Forecasting System (NCEP GEFS) forecasts,and an inflation factor of two was applied to compensate for the lack of spread in the GEFS forecasts over the research region.Experiments on an actual stratiform precipitation case that occurred on 5-7 June 2009 in northern China were conducted to validate the ensemble system.The IAP REFS system had reasonably good performance in predicting the observed stratiform precipitation system.The perturbation inflation enlarged the ensemble spread and alleviated the underdispersion caused by parent forecasts.Centering the extracted perturbations on higher-resolution NCEP Global Forecast System forecasts resulted in less ensemble mean root-mean-square error and better accuracy in probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts (PQPF).However,the perturbation inflation and recentering had less effect on near-surface-level variables compared to the mid-level variables,and its influence on PQPF resolution was limited as well. 相似文献
6.
In this study, the impact of different land initial conditions on the simulation of thunderstorms and monsoon depressions is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A control run (CNTL) and a simulation with an improved land state (soil moisture and temperature) using the High Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS, experiment name: EHRLDAS) are compared for three different rainfall cases in order to examine the robustness of the assimilation system. The study comprises two thunderstorm cases (one in the pre-monsoon and one during the monsoon) and one monsoon depression case that occurred during the Interaction of Convective Organisation, Atmosphere, Surface and Sea (INCOMPASS) field campaign of the 2016 Indian monsoon. EHRLDAS is shown to yield improvements in the representation of location-specific rainfall, particularly over land. Further, it is found that surface fluxes as well as convective indices are better captured for the pre-monsoon thunderstorm case in EHRLDAS. By analysing components of the vorticity tendency equation, it is found that the vertical advection term is the major contributor towards the positive vorticity tendency in EHRLDAS compared to CNTL, hence improving localised convection and consequently facilitating rainfall. Significant improvements in the simulation of the pre-monsoon thunderstorm are noted, as seen using Automatic Weather Station (AWS) validation, whereas improvements in the monsoon depression are minimal. Further, it is found that vertical advection (moisture flux convergence) is the major driver modulating the convective circulation in localised thunderstorm (monsoon depression) cases and these dynamics are better represented by EHRLDAS compared to CNTL. These findings underline the importance of accurate and high resolution land-state conditions in model initial conditions for forecasting severe weather systems, particularly the simulation of localised thunderstorms over India. 相似文献
7.
雷达资料同化能够改善强对流天气的预报,但是不同的模式方案配置会得到不同的结果。本文针对中国南部2018年3月4日一次飑线过程,以全球预报模式GFS分析场和预报场为背景场,采用中尺度区域气象预报模式ARPS 3DVAR系统同化多普勒雷达径向速度,用云分析处理反射率数据,考虑同化间隔、频次、云分析中不同参数调整,采用1 h同化窗口,设计不同同化方案,最后用WRF模式进行预报,研究雷达资料同化对飑线系统触发及发展机制的影响。结果表明,同化间隔过短时,由于模式热动力变量没有平衡产生虚假回波,同化间隔过长时,系统触发和发展的特征普遍偏弱;采用12 min间隔同化得到了最好的初始场,并且同化频次越高得到的降水预报结果越好。此外,ARPS云分析能大大改善初始场,减少模式自调整时间,其中湿度调整、温度调整、雨水调整及水汽调整对系统动力过程和水凝物初始场分布都有较大的影响,而垂直速度相关参数调整影响较小。 相似文献
8.
有云环境下MODIS亮温资料的变分同化Ⅱ——对暴雨预报的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卫星资料提供了大量关于云和雨的观测信息,在暴雨预报中可发挥巨大的作用,然而在数值模式资料同化中的应用水平仍然不高,特别是红外辐射资料的应用。由于有云环境下辐射传输过程的模拟难度很大,因此通常只同化晴空环境下的红外辐射资料。基于GRAPES-3DVAR(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System,全球/区域同化预报系统),根据RTTOV辐射传输模式(fast radiative transfer model for TOVS,快速辐射传输模式)的特点,增加云水含量、云冰水含量和云量作为同化系统控制变量,在改进辐射传输模式对红外资料模拟的同时,利用红外资料调整初始云参数和大气参数。针对2007年5月26日南海季风爆发后广东地区的一次暴雨过程,选取MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,中分辨成像光谱仪)传感器水汽(第27)和云顶观测(第36)通道进行了同化试验,利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,天气研究和预报模式)进行了数值模拟,结果表明同化MODIS资料,可以改进初始场水汽和温度分布,间接调整高空风场,调整趋势符合卫星观测,对短时降水预报有正面影响。 相似文献
9.
台风海葵引发浙西山区大暴雨的成因 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用中尺度数值模式WRF,结合多普勒雷达资料、卫星TBB资料和自动站资料对2012年8月6—9日由台风海葵引发的杭州西部山区强暴雨洪涝灾害进行分析。结果表明,登陆台风内部的螺旋云带中有多个中尺度云团活动,云团不断从台风螺旋云带内部分裂生成,并有一个从加强发展到逐渐消亡的过程,正是在中尺度云团的直接作用下,给台风经过地区造成了一次又一次的强降水,导致了浙西北等地区持续不断发生暴雨,因此,中尺度系统是造成台风暴雨的直接原因;台风外围的东北风、西北风和偏西风在有利地形配合下,往往会汇合形成中尺度辐合线,未来强降水区域也基本落在中尺度辐合线附近区域,中尺度辐合线是触发暴雨对流发生、发展的重要系统;浙江杭州西北部山区地形对于台风暴雨主要体现在增幅作用,对台风路径、降水范围影响不大。 相似文献
10.
ADAS(ARPS Data Assim ilation System)云综合分析采用的是一种物理初值化技术。本文以ARPS(Advanced Regional Pred iction System)云综合分析为基础,设计了一组非常规资料的应用试验,应用ARPS模式对一次典型的短时强降水个例进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明:(1)在ADAS云分析中引入雷达及卫星资料可对湿度场的水平、垂直结构有一定的调整,改善了与对流降水有重要关系的高湿区的分析;(2)引入雷达和卫星资料的云综合分析,可以明显改善强降水发生时间相对迟缓以及模拟前期降水量偏少和降水覆盖面积偏小的现象,使模拟降水场与实际观测较为接近;(3)物理初值化能有效提取非常规资料中的云微物理信息,提高了模式初值质量,从而明显改善模式对强对流降水系统的短时模拟效果。 相似文献
11.
Short-range prediction of a heavy precipitation event by assimilating Chinese CINRAD-SA radar reflectivity data using complex cloud analysis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary With the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) Data Analysis System (ADAS) and its complex cloud analysis scheme, the
reflectivity data from a Chinese CINRAD-SA Doppler radar are used to analyze 3D cloud and hydrometeor fields and in-cloud
temperature and moisture. Forecast experiments starting from such initial conditions are performed for a northern China heavy
rainfall event to examine the impact of the reflectivity data and other conventional observations on short-range precipitation
forecast.
The full 3D cloud analysis mitigates the commonly known spin-up problem with precipitation forecast, resulting a significant
improvement in precipitation forecast in the first 4 to 5 hours. In such a case, the position, timing and amount of precipitation
are all accurately predicted. When the cloud analysis is used without in-cloud temperature adjustment, only the forecast of
light precipitation within the first hour is improved.
Additional analysis of surface and upper-air observations on the native ARPS grid, using the 1 degree real-time NCEP AVN analysis
as the background, helps improve the location and intensity of rainfall forecasting slightly. Hourly accumulated rainfall
estimated from radar reflectivity data is found to be less accurate than the model predicted precipitation when full cloud
analysis is used. 相似文献
12.
利用常规气象观测数据、吉林省加密自动站观测数据、NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料和卫星云顶亮温数据,对2018年8月13—15日吉林省一次暴雨过程成因进行分析。结果表明:“三带”(西风带、副热带和热带环流)是暴雨产生的大尺度环流背景。大气整层水汽通量显示副热带高压外围的西南气流与远距离台风外围东南气流共同为暴雨输送充沛的水汽。降水有两个主要阶段,大气层结特征均为高层有正值位涡扰动并沿假相当位温锋区下滑,大气层结不稳定,水汽充沛,不稳定能量较大。降水第二阶段水汽输送、动热力条件、不稳定能量均小于第一阶段。云图表现特征为中尺度对流辐合体和中尺度对流云团,中尺度对流辐合体云团发展旺盛时,低层呈现气旋式涡度、中尺度辐合,高层呈反气旋式涡度、中尺度辐散。925 hPa低空切变线和地面辐合线是暴雨发生的中尺度触发条件。 相似文献
13.
The effects of orography in indochina on wind, cloud, and rainfall patterns during Typhoon Ketsana (2009) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objective of this study is to i) investigate the effects of orography on the rainfall, wind, and cloud systems of the Typhoon Ketsana (2009) in Indochina, ii) determine rainfall distribution patterns and which parts of Indochina were most affected during Typhoon Ketsana, iii) identify trends in the cloud and rainfall distribution patterns and wind flow patterns in the synoptic scale on orographic effects during Typhoon Ketsana. Remote sensing techniques have been used to study the impacts of TCs. Using data from the remote sensing data such as Fengyun 2D (FY-2D) satellite, Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite, wind information from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), and radiosonde data were applied in this study to determine the relationship of the typhoon with the orographic effect. This study provides examples of how the orographic effect is important to weather forecasters, as high mountain ranges were able to influence the distribution of the cloud, rainfall and even wind flow patterns during the typhoon season. This remote sensing technique allows tropical cyclones to be forecasted and their impacts to be defined, and it allows disaster zones to be determined. 相似文献
14.
一次湖北暴雪天气的诊断与模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用NCEP GFS资料分析了2007年1月15—16日鄂东南地区降雪过程,对造成暴雪过程的天气系统发生、发展背景场进行分析。并利用中尺度数值天气模式WRF模拟了这次暴雪过程,探讨了其发生发展的机制。天气系统的背景分析表明,这次暴雪过程主要是受700 hPa西南急流和地面冷空气的共同影响而产生的,降水过程与西南急流的变化密切联系。WRF模式较好地再现了此次暴雪的过程。模拟结果表明西南急流的减弱和移出,对应着降雪的开始和停止;在西南急流的左侧,由于低层涡度的增加,使低空辐合、高空辐散,在连续性原理和动力机制约束下导致上升运动的加强是该次暴雪的形成机制。模式结果说明,产生暴雪的上升运动要远小于产生暴雨的上升运动,且在暴雪过程中,中层为上升运动,近地层和高层伴随着下沉运动。 相似文献
15.
16.
利用ARPS模式(Advanced Regional Prediction System)的资料分析系统ADAS(ARPS Data Analysis Sys-tem),以NCEP GFS资料为背景场对我国西北地区CINRAD-CB\CC型雷达反射率资料进行同化试验研究,并借助于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模式,对发生在黄河河套及河北地区的一次天气过程进行个例模拟试验。不同模拟方案模拟结果的对比分析和短时预报检验表明:①C波段雷达反射率资料的引入与S波段雷达反射率资料在空间覆盖上构成互补,与卫星、地面等资料的云综合分析能够分析出与实况更为接近的降水场和垂直结构信息;②同化了C波段雷达反射率资料的试验方案在模拟回波系统演变上优于未同化的,但由于模拟低层暖湿条件不足,系统逐渐衰弱与实况不符;③对比实况降水发现,区域C波段雷达反射率资料的同化对短时降水预报效果有一定改善。 相似文献
17.
LAPS同化GPS/PWV资料在暴雨预报中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用LAPS(Local Analysis and Prediction System)系统同化GPS(Global Positioning System)/PWV(Precipitable Water Vapor)资料,分析GPS/PWV资料对LAPS输出场的影响,并结合WRF模式,将LAPS输出场作为其初始场进行降水预报,进一步考察GPS/PWV资料对降水预报的作用。选取2009年6月28日湖北地区的一次强降水过程,设计三种方案进行试验。结果表明:同化GPS/PWV资料后对LAPS湿度场有显著的改善,而对高度场及风场的作用则不明显;GPS/PWV资料对区域平均可降水量的影响比雷达资料大一个量级;与此同时,利用多种评分方法对6 h累计降水做了检验,分析结果表明同化GPS/PWV资料能够有效地改进WRF模式的初始场,增加丰富的中小尺度信息,并对随后的确定性预报产生正影响。 相似文献
18.
GRAPES-MESO模式不同空间分辨率对中国夏季降水预报的影响分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国家气象中心业务运行的中尺度数值预报系统GRAPES-MESO（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System mesoscale model）在升级到4.0版本后采用了与以往版本不同的三维空间分辨率设置,本文通过计算精度分析、个例分析及统计分析的方法详细阐述了两者水平分辨率和不等距垂直分层的差异,并由此深入分析了不同模式三维空间分辨率对中国夏季汛期降水预报的影响。主要结论表明,GRAPES-MESO预报系统4.0版本在水平分辨率提高到10 km并同时使用更为合理的加密垂直分层设置后,不仅提高了计算精度和计算稳定性,同时仍能满足业务预报的时效要求。对个例降水特征的分析结果表明,提高模式空间分辨率可以在一定程度上改善对降水中心的预报,但对降水落区的预报改进较为有限。对2012年7月整月批量试验的统计检验结果表明,月平均技巧评分总体变化不大,但对逐日大到暴雨评分提高较大,通过各气象要素统计检验分析可以认为,模式空间分辨率提高的主要作用是通过降低了中低层高度场、温度场和水平风场的误差,改进了对流层中层环流背景场以及对流层低层降水直接触发系统的强度预报,从而能够提高大到暴雨的降水评分。 相似文献
19.
在更新的GRAPES-TCM (Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone Model)台风模式架构下,引进与发展了一个新的涡旋初始化方案。该方案对台风涡旋进行极小化订正,减少了人为因素对台风涡旋结构的影响,所产生的涡旋满足特定的动力与热力平衡,且保持了与模式动力及热力的一致性。新的涡旋初始化方案能更精细地体现初始台风的强度与结构,强度更接近于观测,结构更为合理。试验表明其可以有效地改善台风路径与强度的预报精度。 相似文献
20.
地基微波辐射计资料的等值线自动绘制方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用美国国家大气研究中心（National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR）中尺度模式（WRF-ARW）以及美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）三维变分同化系统GSI（Gridpoint StatisticalInterpolation）,对2005年6月20-21日发生在广东省中部的一场致洪暴雨进行了模拟。与雨量计观测的和卫星反演的降水混合资料相比,模式能够成功地模拟出降水的位置和强度。但数值模拟的效果很大程度上取决于3个条件：模式分辨率;物理过程方案;初始条件。在此次暴雨的模拟中,采用Eta Ferrier微物理方案、内层区域4km细分辨率与外层区域12km粗分辨率组成双层嵌套网格和卫星辐射资料同化的初始化方案是非常合适的。 相似文献