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江苏冬季霾日数的年代际变化与环流异常和区域增暖的可能联系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近50年江苏冬季霾日数随时间线性增多,其距平变化在1970年代由负位相转变为正位相。这种变化可能与东亚气候突变有关。利用江苏气象站点资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,结合江苏冬季霾日数的年代际变化特征,探讨其与年代际气候变化的联系。结果表明,在江苏冬季霾少发期(1961—1979年),500 hPa高度场在欧亚中高纬地区表现为“正-负-正”的距平分布,即在乌拉尔山附近和阿留申群岛附近表现为正距平,而在贝加尔湖以东地区表现为负距平。这种“两脊一槽型”的分布有利于北方冷空气南下,冬季风较强,使江苏境内地面风速增大,有利于大气污染物扩散,同时大气净化次数有所增多,不利于霾天气发生。而在霾的多发期(1980—2010年),异常的大气环流型则相反。此外,江苏冬季霾日数对气温增暖存在可能的显著正响应。 相似文献
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宁波区域霾过程的天气分型及环流场特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用2001—2012年NCEP逐日再分析资料和宁波7个县（市）区的地面气象资料,运用Lamb Jenkinson客观分型方法和统计方法,分析宁波区域霾发生规律和大气环流场特征。结果表明,宁波区域霾具有冬季频发、夏季少发的季节分布特点,年均15次,2011和2012年区域霾明显增多与大气环流密切相关;区域霾的主要环流类型为A型、AN型、AS和C型,分别占总数的65.9%、12.3%、6.7%和4.7%, A型主要出现在稳定平直环流的秋、冬季,AN型出现在环流经向度明显增加的冬季,AS型出现在冷暖气流转换空隙期的春、秋季,C型出现在西太平洋高压明显加强的地面弱低压环境场的春、夏季;东部沿海500 hPa气旋性环流、偏西气流及850 hPa微风有利于宁波区域霾发生,反之,500 hPa反气旋环流、850 hPa强盛偏南气流则不利于霾发生;A型环流在弱冷空气影响或静稳天气条件下,连续霾日、重度霾出现概率增大。 相似文献
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用1975—1985年5月500 hPa 高空图资料统计晚霜冻在不同环流型下的频数。其中两槽一脊型的霜冻占67%,一脊一槽型的占22%,其他型为11%。并从冷平流强度、基础温度和天气现象等方面,分析了霜冻预报的着眼点,对加强晚霜冻预报,避免危害,收到较好效果。 相似文献
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综合利用地面空气污染监测资料、MICAPS资料、常规气象资料、探空资料、NCEP再分析资料,通过对2015—2017年渭南市11个典型霾天气过程进行分析,总结渭南市典型霾天气过程的大气环流背景特征,并运用统计学方法分析典型霾天气过程的气象要素特征。结果表明:典型持续性污染天气过程中细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))是PM_(10)的主要组成成分,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度明显高于粗颗粒物,严重污染期间PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)二者日变化明显且基本同步。严重污染期间,500 hPa欧亚中高纬度环流呈两槽一脊型,陕西处于暖脊前部、长波脊前底部,相应的700 hPa青藏高原上有短波槽,短波槽前有弱偏南气流发展;而空气质量转好时,中高纬度环流形势明显变化,陕西上空锋区加强,伴随地面东移南下冷空气的入侵,关中对流层低层偏北气流加强。PM_(2.5)质量浓度与过去1小时降水量、气温、海平面气压、10分钟平均风速负相关,与露点温度、相对湿度、总云量正相关。 相似文献
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《气象研究与应用》2018,(4)
基于1961～2017年广西87个地面观测站逐日降水资料,利用NCEP/NCAP逐日再分析资料并综合运用诊断分析方法,从月际变化的角度分析广西前汛期大范围持续性暴雨的气候特征、大气环流特点以及水汽、动力等物理机制的差异。结果表明:(1)广西前汛期大范围持续性暴雨出现频数在4、5和6月份中呈逐月递增趋势。(2)不同月份发生大范围持续性暴雨的影响机制各异,500hPa表现为4月的两槽两脊并在低纬度地区有分裂出的短波槽影响广西;5月为两脊一槽形势;6月份的一槽一脊配合中低纬度的东亚槽。低层850hPa表现为异常的气流辐合,随着月份增加辐合不断加强。(3)4～6月的主要水汽来源和水汽含量各异。(4)4～6月广西上空不稳定能量增强,为广西暴雨的产生提供了有利的触发机制。 相似文献
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利用河北省及周边73个台站1961—2010年春季、秋季降水资料及NCEP／NCAR再分析资料,应用SVD等多种统计方法探讨了河北春秋季降水异常变化及其与对流层中低层环流的可能联系.研究结果表明：河北省春秋季降水异常存在全省一致和南—北相反两种模态.春季,当500 hPa平均高度场上东西伯利亚海出现负异常,我国东北地区到日本海为正异常时,河北春季大部分地区降水偏多（石家庄表现最明显）;反之,河北春季大部分地区降水偏少.秋季,当欧洲的西北部500 hPa平均高度场为负异常时,河北大部秋季降水偏少（中部表现最明显）;反之,河北秋季降水偏多.春秋季干旱的出现与贝加尔湖阻高（或高脊）及东亚大槽偏强有关.850 hPa偏南风减弱是导致春秋季干旱的重要原因. 相似文献
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长江中下游6—7月降水异常与500 hPa大气环流的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用1951—2004年全国160站降水资料和NCEP/NCAR500hPa月平均资料,从中纬度西风环流、位势高度、纬向风、经向风、垂直速度场等方面,分析了长江中下游地区6—7月降水与500hPa大气环流的关系。结果表明,欧亚中纬度地区西风带多雨、少雨年均表现为长波的两槽两脊形势,但是槽脊系统差异显著。长江中下游地区降水与东亚500hPa上空位势高度场、纬向风、经向风、垂直速度场均有显著的关系,进一步证明了长江中下游地区6—7月降水与500hPa大气环流有密切关系。 相似文献
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2010年陕西盛夏极端多雨的气候特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对陕西省2010年盛夏极端多雨的形成机理进行了个例分析研究。结果表明:2010年盛夏极端多雨的主要成因是大尺度环流形势异常及海温异常等多种因素综合作用的结果。在500 hPa高度场上欧亚中高纬区为"两脊一槽"型分布,乌拉尔山阻塞高压与咸海到巴尔喀什湖的低压槽稳定维持,低槽分裂冷空气沿中纬度西风带东移,与西太平洋副热带高压外围西北侧暖湿气流在陕西上空相汇,是造成2010年陕西盛夏极端多雨的直接原因。来自南海的水汽输送在850 hPa、700 hPa上表现都很显著,来自孟加拉湾的水汽只有850 hPa表现明显。La Ni?a事件当年陕西盛夏降水易偏多利于出现极端降水。盛夏降水量年代际变化特征显示,陕西中部和南部2010年处于一个年代际的多雨期内,出现极端降水的可能性增大。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献