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汞、镉、铬、锌对紫菜毒性的初步试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汞、镉等重金属是当前海洋的重要污染物质,它们对海洋生物和人体都有高的毒性,像“水俣病”、“痛痛病”就是由于环境汞、镉污染使人致残、甚至丧命的公害病。有关汞等重金属对各种海洋生物的毒性试验资料,是制订海水水质标准和沿海工业、城市“三废”排放标准的重要依据。 相似文献
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汞是熟知的毒物(Bidwell 1979)。近二十年来随着工业的发展，海洋重金属的污染在世界许多海区已有发现．关于生物对汞、镉、铅等重金属的吸收、积累和代谢过程，常因生物种类、体重、性别等不同而有差异。如紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis) 相似文献
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选择典型的海洋生物进行其体内微量元素的含量测定 ,是指示生物反映环境变化的一种最根本和有效的方法［２,３］。孙道元等曾用过指示生物的有无和数量多少来反映环境的变化 ;也有不少科学家用过海洋底栖生物的群落结构作为指标 ,进行环境监测。这些方法都是粗略地对环境进行评估 ,而对海洋污染究竟是什么元素造成的 ,污染物是什么时候开始进入海洋的 ,又是什么时候造成污染的等具体表1 取自团岛中潮区和汇泉角中潮区的不同藻类的体内元素的含量Ｔａｂ .1 Ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｉｎａｌｇａｅｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｉ… 相似文献
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国家海洋局第三海洋研究所海洋生态系围隔实验组 《海洋学报》1989,11(2):203-206
本实验采用5个中尺度海洋围隔实验装置研究铜、镉、汞、铅和锌的混合液对厦门湾浮游生物生态系的影响.实验结果表明,重金属混合溶液即使在几个ppb的浓度下,也能产生对浮游生物生产力的抑制作用,浮游动物对重金属污染非常敏感,特别是幼形类浮游动物. 相似文献
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汞是熟知的毒物(Bidwell 1979)。近二十年来随着工业的发展,海洋重金属的污染在世界许多海区已有发现。关于生物对汞、镉、铅等重金属的吸收、积累和代谢过程,常因生物种类、体重、性别等不同而有差异。如紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)个体大的比小的含汞量更高(De.Wolf,1975),而个体小的美国牡蛎(Crassostreavirginica)比大的吸收汞更快(Cunnighan和Tripp,1975)。Phillips的实验证明,小而轻的生物个体比大而重的个体吸收汞等重金属的量要快。Kain和Hopkins从实验知道,汞、铜和锌对一种海带属植物Laminaria hyperborea的配子体和幼孢子体是很有毒的。Boney发现浓度为0.12ppm到1ppm的氯化汞对Plunaria elelangs的生长有抑制作用, 相似文献
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为加强连云港市海域的海洋倾废管理和海洋生态环境保护,文章在该海域主要疏浚工程区的49个站位开展采样调查,并采用潜在生态风险指数法,评价表层疏浚物的重金属污染程度及其潜在生态风险。研究结果表明:连云港市海域疏浚物质量总体较好,重金属含量的变化范围和分布的区域差异较小,其中含量最高的为锌、最低的为汞;污染程度最大的重金属为镉,较小的重金属为铬;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的重金属依次为镉、汞、砷、铜、铅、铬和锌,除镉和汞(连云港港区)外,其余潜在生态风险等级为低;潜在生态风险指数由大到小的区域依次为连云港港区、徐圩航道、外航道内段、田湾核电站取水口和外航道外段,除连云港港区外,其余区域的潜在生态风险等级为低;应高度关注镉和汞等重金属的污染状况以及近岸区域的潜在生态风险。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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Linjie Zheng Tomoharu Minami Shotaro Takano Hideki Minami Yoshiki Sohrin 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):669-685
A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r 2 = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu. 相似文献