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近、现代黄河三角洲发育演变研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统综述了1980年以来国内有关近、现代黄河三角洲发育演变的研究进展。总结了三角洲变迁对黄河下游近口河段的反馈影响和三角洲发育模式等研究成果。重点评述了黄河三角洲的形成影响因素和冲淤演变过程,肯定了数值计算方法和遥感与GIS技术已经成为定量计算与半定量分析黄河三角洲冲淤演变的重要研究手段。并指出今后研究的主要问题,包括突发性事件在潮滩冲淤变化中的作用、人类活动影响程度的定量表达、岸滩处于不冲不淤时的最佳剖面形态、现有冲淤数值模型的完善和GIS与数值模型系统的集成研究等。 相似文献
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长江口深水航道数学模型信息系统研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用GIS二次开发软件ArcView，完成数学模拟所需的计算网格生成及线边界法中地形数据提取的优化。集成ArcView、Visual Basic及长江口潮流数学模型，实现了数值模拟计算成果的三维可视化及实时互动的动态演示。所开发的长江口数学模型信息系统能根据整治工程需要，提交各类工程数据库。 相似文献
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球体模型系统是目前GIS领域的研究热点,它以强大的空间数据管理能力,丰富直观的信息表现能力迅速成为空间信息集成共享的有力平台.以Skyline软件平台为基础,介绍了数字海洋可视化系统的体系架构、功能设计和技术实现方法.实践应用表明,该系统在多源海洋信息可视化集成共享方面具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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针对大地测量成果的数据量大、类型复杂等特点，建立了基于GIS与信息管理系统（MIS）集成的系统来实现对于大地测量成果的属性管理与地图查询及浏览。提出了大地测量成果应用系统的整体建设方案，讨论了利用GIS与MIS集成技术实现大地测量成果管理的理论及技术可行性，并对于大地成果的数据库管理技术、GIS与MIS的系统集成技术以及数据输出等方面进行了详细的阐述。 相似文献
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基于Okada模型和非线性浅水波模型，结合高精度多层嵌套网格针对我国浙江沿海的温州和台州地区建立了越洋–近海–局部的精细化地震海啸波流实时预警系统，近岸的分辨率为900 m。该预警系统包括了并行化的数值计算模块，基于Python 2D绘图库的计算结果可视化处理模块，以及通过Python语言将所有经过数值计算的图形与动画产品集成在一个网页上的产品集成模块。一旦地震发生，该系统可根据地震的震源参数信息在10 min内完成数值计算、可视化处理，以及产品集成。选取2011年日本东北9.0级地震海啸结合实测数值对该系统进行模拟验证，进一步应用该系统模拟计算了日本南海海槽和琉球海沟潜在极端海啸的影响规律。结果表明，该预警系统可有效地提高地震海啸实时预警的时效性和准确度，为海啸的预警、减灾，以及辅助决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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本系统基于.NET平台,采用C#作为开发语言,对ArcEngine 9.3进行二次开发,融.NET平台的可移植性与ArcEngine 9.3的可视化和空间显示分析功能于一体,实现了溢油行为与归宿预测模块与GIS平台的统一。把溢油漂移的计算结果与地理信息系统等平台相结合,建立了渤海海域应急预测预警系统。也集成了环境敏感资源信息数据库、应急设备、队伍信息数据库和溢油漂移模型,为溢油应急提供溢油敏感资源及应急资源的日常管理,实现溢油漂移预测结果与敏感资源图的叠加耦合,达到对环境敏感资源的快速预警,形成了溢油敏感资源及应急资源管理系统。作为该系统研制中的第二部分,主要介绍了系统的可视化、系统的预报流程、系统案例验证以及业务化应用的研究工作。 相似文献
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以风场、三维海流场数值预报结果作为输入强迫,建立了赤潮漂移扩散数值预报模型,并开发了相应的软件模块。模块基于C/S(客户端/服务器端)架构,通过数值模拟技术以及GIS、WebServices等信息技术,实现"提交预报请求—数值模式计算—预报结果可视化—预报产品生成"自动化赤潮漂移与扩散预报工作流程。该预报模块具备数据预处理、人机交互参数输入、数值模式计算、预报结果可视化和预报产品制作功能。以长江口附近海域历史赤潮为例进行后报试验,预测了赤潮藻团在风与流场共同作用下的漂移路径变化,结果与实际监测情况一致。该模块的业务化应用能进一步完善现有的赤潮预报系统,将成为赤潮防灾减灾的有力工具。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献