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二倍体和三倍体太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)繁殖前后生化成分及氨基酸组成的比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对太平洋蛎二倍体和三倍体在繁殖前后的几种生化成分和氨基酸组成进行了比较研究，为牡蛎的生理生化研究提供了基础数据。结果显示：太平洋牡蛎的总糖，糖原，脂肪和蛋白的含量与其繁密切相关，二倍体牡蛎在繁殖后的总糖，糖原，脂肪的含量比繁殖前分别降低了24．31％，30．37％，14．91％，三倍体分别降低了9．45％，7．17％，20．29％，而二倍体和三倍体牡蛎粗蛋白的含量在繁殖后较繁殖前分别增高了14．91％，12．285，表明了糖类和脂肪是牡蛎殖能量的主要来源，繁殖前三倍体牡蛎的糖原含量比二倍体高23．30％，繁殖后二倍体糖原含量明显降低，三倍体的糖原含量比二倍体高了73．83％，表明三倍体牡蛎由于可育性低而体内一直保持较高水平的糖原含量，从而在繁殖季节也保持了鲜美的口味。二倍体太平洋牡蛎与三倍体的氨基酸组成和含量的分析比较也表明，二倍体牡蛎的氨基酸组分在繁殖前后变化较大，而三倍体的氨基酸组分相对稳定。 相似文献
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为了研究长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)二倍体和三倍体壳体性状对体质量的影响,随机选取养殖20月龄的二倍体和三倍体个体各75个,分别测量它们的壳体性状(壳高、壳长和壳宽)和体质量(全湿重和软体重),并进行多元回归和通径分析。结果显示,二倍体和三倍体的软体重变异系数都最高,绝大多数性状间的相关性达到了显著水平(P<0.05),全湿重和软体重的相关性较高分别为0.866和0.675;多元回归分析结果显示,壳长、壳高和壳宽对二倍体长牡蛎全湿重的影响相当,其中壳高最大,直接作用系数为0.474,对软体重影响最大的是全湿重,直接作用系数高达0.780;壳宽对三倍体长牡蛎全湿重的影响最大,直接作用系数为0.471,壳高和湿重对软体重的直接作用系数分别为0.348和0.367;对长牡蛎二倍体和三倍体全湿重和软体重分别进行回归,结果显示其r2值均小于0.85,说明存在对质量性状影响较大的其他因素。本研究为不同倍性长牡蛎的比较研究提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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合浦珠母贝三倍体和二倍体的生长比较 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
合浦珠母贝Pinctada martensii(D.)三倍体和二倍体的生长测定表明,三倍体成贝平均壳高、壳长、壳宽和体重均超过二倍体同胞,差异极显著(P<0.01)。特别是抑制第一极体形成的三倍体,经两年养殖,壳高、体重和肉重分别比二倍体增加13.01％,44.03％和58.37％。在繁殖期,三倍体的增长率显著超过二倍体。非繁殖期的大多数月份,三倍体的增长率和二倍体相差不大。因此,可以认为三倍体生长速度快主要是由于三倍体的生殖腺发育受阻,体内积累的能量转移到体细胞生长所致。 相似文献
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三倍体牡蛎在繁殖季节的生长研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了在繁殖季节内三倍体太平洋牡蛎的生长情况。结果表明 ,三倍体牡蛎比二倍体对照组具有明显的生长优势。在整个繁殖期间 ,三倍体的体重明显高于二倍体。三倍体的生长速度较均匀 ,而二倍体变化较大。在集中排放前体重增长较快 ,集中排放后体重增长明显减慢。三倍体的平均体重在排放前比二倍体高 17%左右 ,在排放后则高达 30 %以上。集中排放前 ,二倍体的软体重增长很快并超过了三倍体 ,其出肉率比三倍体高 2 6 .4 8%。排放后二倍体的软体重明显降低 (降低 4 8% ) ,出肉率降低 4 0 .0 % ,而三倍体变化不明显 ,出肉率仅降低 5 .79%。繁殖高峰后三倍体的软体重比二倍体高 4 1.2 2 %。三倍体牡蛎较低但稳定的出肉率表明三倍体太平洋牡蛎具有高度的不育性 ,但三倍体的不育性并不是引起三倍体生长优势的主要原因 相似文献
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分别用细胞松弛素Ｂ（ＣＢ，浓度０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））和低温（１０℃）处理诱导华贵栉孔扇贝Ｃｈｌａｍｙｓｎｏｂｉｌｉｓ产生三倍体。抑制第一极体的三倍体诱导率分别达到４４．１％和３１．８％；而抑制第二极体的三倍体诱导率分别为９０．２％和７２．７％（胚胎初期检查）。ＣＢ处理组幼虫的日增长率显著超过二倍体（ｐ＜０．０１）。养殖半年后，三倍体在壳高、壳长、壳宽和体重方面均显著大于二倍体（ｐ＜０．０１）；而养殖１３个月后，三倍体的肉重和闭壳肌重分别比二倍体增加３９．５％和６７．４％。在繁殖期，三倍体在外观上没有生殖腺。 相似文献
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为探讨石斑鱼——鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus)♂×斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)♀杂交子一代青龙斑二倍体和三倍体的血液学及生化特征,采用显微观察、瑞士染色、生化指标检测等方法对青龙斑二倍体(2n=48)与三倍体(3n=72)的血细胞形态大小、血液生理生化指标以及它们的显微结构进行比较研究。结果表明,青龙斑三倍体的血细胞、红细胞、细胞核和白细胞均显著大于二倍体,容积比为3:2;红细胞数随倍性增加而减少,差异显著;在血细胞形态上,二倍体红细胞核短径/长径比值为0.79,略呈圆形,三倍体红细胞核短径/长径比值为0.69,呈椭圆形;在三倍体血细胞中存在一些异常形状的纺锤形和月牙形红细胞,在生化指标上,二倍体与三倍体存在显著性差异,其中三倍体血红蛋白、血小板含量明显小于二倍体;平均血细胞体积、平均血小板体积、血细胞压积的含量显著大于二倍体;二倍体与三倍体青龙斑鱼血液中各种无机盐的含量均在正常范围之内,但三倍体含量低于二倍体。 相似文献
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Reproductive cycles of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) from the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand, were followed between June 1998 and January 2000. Histological examination of the gonad confirms an annual cycle with a winter inactive period followed by rapid gonad development and a single short spawning period. The population gonad index correlated with seawater temperature and changes in tissue dry weight, condition index, and biochemical components. In winter, few individuals with early gametogenic stages were present and rapid development of primary oocytes (diam. 11 μm) occurred during spring (September‐November). The developmental rate and the diameter of mature oocytes (37 μm) was similar for the 1998 and 1999 seasons. For a standard 110‐mm‐length oyster, maximal tissue body weight and condition index were recorded in December. Rapid weight loss in January was length dependent and was attributed to spawning. Temperature was the environmental variable which best correlated with the timing of gametogenesis. Food availability (phytoplankton biomass) may have been responsible for inter‐annual variations. The biochemical composition (% glycogen, lipid, protein) of separated gonad and somatic tissues were variable seasonally and annually. Gametogenesis (oocyte diameter) was associated with increased gonad protein and glycogen and a decrease in lipid concentrations. These changes are similar to those in Pacific oyster populations from other parts of the world. 相似文献
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牡蛎是近海生态系统的重要成员,也是世界性海洋主养贝类。我国牡蛎养殖历史悠久,但高质牡蛎产品的长期匮乏已成为新形势下产业转型升级的卡点。在国际海鲜市场,高质牡蛎就意味着品质好、品相优。为实现产业高质量发展,研究了中国经济牡蛎物种组成和地理分布;揭示了温度是不同尺度种性形成的重要环境驱动因子之一;构建了首个贝类全基因组序列精细图谱,发现基因组的高变异性和基因家族的特异性扩张是种性形成的重要遗传基础;对全球27个长牡蛎群体487个个体进行全基因组深度重测序,构建了50M级单核苷酸多态(SNP)资源库并制成190k高密度SNP分型芯片。这些资源基因组学(Resourceomics)研究为高质牡蛎创制奠定了基础。其次进一步查清了牡蛎经济性状的遗传力及表型相关性,锚定糖原含量调控的基因组模块区域,建立品质性状基因模块选育技术,育成"海蛎1号"新品种,糖原含量提高25.37%,比传统育种效率提高65.81%,实现了单一营养物质的定向选育,破解了牡蛎肉质改良的世界性难题。所建立的基因模块育种技术使高质牡蛎遗传创制成为可能。在育成新品种的基础上,还利用牡蛎附着变态阶段的生物学特性及上升流和下降流的物理学原理,创新牡蛎单体种苗制备技术,使种苗单体化率提高3倍;建立设施塑形生态育肥技术,通过壳型重塑并结合养殖水层的增肥调控,优型率达92%,出肉率达20%—23%。单体塑形养殖技术使牡蛎品相也达到国际知名品牌的产品标准。团队建立的高质牡蛎创制技术体系在县域规模进行标准化应用示范,支撑了"乳山牡蛎"成为行业第一品牌,产业经济效益提高2—3倍,实现了牡蛎产业从低质低效到高质高效的嬗变,示范带动了中国牡蛎产业的高质量发展。 相似文献
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Recent declines in Chesapeake Bay oyster populations have been attributed to disease, and reduced water quality from pollution. The stress associated with pollutant exposure may reduce energy available for growth and reproduction. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic contaminants that may potentially affect mobilization of lipid reserves, increasing reliance on glycogen stores, which could otherwise be utilized to supply energy for gametogenesis. Thus, PCBs may indirectly affect glycogen stores in oysters in a deleterious manner. To test for this effect, reproductively inactive oysters were exposed to PCBs by feeding individuals 0.7 g of algal paste containing 0, 0.35, or 3.5 μg PCBs daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, a group of oysters was exposed to PCBs (0, 0.35, and 3.5 μg) plus 0.3 g of non-toxic artificial sediment to examine interactive effects of sediment particles and PCBs. Adductor muscle, mantle, and gonadal tissues were analyzed for glycogen content. Results suggest that glycogen content is reduced in the adductor muscle with increasing PCB exposure, but there are no effects of PCBs in the mantle and gonadal tissues. 相似文献
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Recent declines in Chesapeake Bay oyster populations have been attributed to disease, and reduced water quality from pollution. The stress associated with pollutant exposure may reduce energy available for growth and reproduction. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic contaminants that may potentially affect mobilization of lipid reserves, increasing reliance on glycogen stores, which could otherwise be utilized to supply energy for gametogenesis. Thus, PCBs may indirectly affect glycogen stores in oysters in a deleterious manner. To test for this effect, reproductively inactive oysters were exposed to PCBs by feeding individuals 0.7 g of algal paste containing 0, 0.35, or 3.5 micrograms PCBs daily for 8 weeks. Additionally, a group of oysters was exposed to PCBs (0, 0.35, and 3.5 micrograms) plus 0.3 g of non-toxic artificial sediment to examine interactive effects of sediment particles and PCBs. Adductor muscle, mantle, and gonadal tissues were analyzed for glycogen content. Results suggest that glycogen content is reduced in the adductor muscle with increasing PCB exposure, but there are no effects of PCBs in the mantle and gonadal tissues. 相似文献