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1.
2011-03-11日本福岛核电站放射性物质发生泄漏事件,本研究基于MASNUM(Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling)海洋环流模式,建立了西北太平洋海洋放射性物质输运扩散模式,对事故释放的~(137)Cs在海洋中的输运和扩散过程进行了20a的模拟与预测。根据与观测资料的比较,验证了所建立的模式具备模拟放射性物质在海洋中的输运扩散过程的能力。结果显示:至2015年,~(137)Cs表层活度浓度已经扩散至整个中国海域,活度浓度值在0.01Bq/m~3左右;事故发生10a后,研究海域~(137)Cs表层活度浓度趋于均匀,为0.20~0.60Bq/m~3左右;20a后,~(137)Cs在海洋表层的活度浓度要小于0.15Bq/m~3。垂向扩散的结果显示:事故发生10a后,黄海海域~(137)Cs垂向分布较为均匀,东海东部陆架海域活度浓度高于西部海域,且上层海水中~(137)Cs活度浓度高于底层海水,南海北部海域~(137)Cs活度浓度高于南部海域,且略小于黄海和东海;至2030年,中国近海~(137)Cs的活度浓度的垂向分布趋于均匀,南海略高于黄海和东海;日本海~(137)Cs活度浓度主要集中在表层,最大活度浓度出现在2016年,约为0.20Bq/m~3;西北太平洋海域~(137)Cs活度浓度要高于其他4个海域;2030年以后,整个海域~(137)Cs活度浓度在水平和垂向分布均趋于均匀,均小于0.15Bq/m~3。  相似文献   

2.
本文报道2015年9月和2016年5月期间天然放射性核素224Ra和223Ra在吕宋海峡及周边海域表层和垂向水体的分布特征。为理解日本福岛核事故的影响,本文亦分析研究区域内人工放射性核素137Cs的分布特征。结果表明,224,223Ra和137Cs比活度水平均处于我国南海海洋天然放射性本底变化范围之内。224Ra在吕宋海峡以西南海北部海域比活度较高,在吕宋海峡以东菲律宾海域比活度较低。137Cs没有明显的分布趋势。基于三站位(LS3,LS5和LS8)224Ra、137Cs以及温盐的垂向分布特征,本文揭示224Ra和137Cs在热带表层水、次表层水和中-深层水中比活度水平和梯度变化的差异特征。彩虹台风事件扭转了整个吕宋海峡及周边海域的海流循环过程。大量以低水平224Ra为特征的西太平洋海水涌入南海,降低水体224Ra比活度水平。但是,西太平洋和南海北部海域水体137Cs比活度水平没有明显差异,台风导致的海流变化对水体137Cs比活度没有明显影响。  相似文献   

3.
自然环境特征对海洋开发建设有着重要影响,为了更好地为21世纪海上丝绸之路建设提供科学依据,文章重点对南海、孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海三大海域的地理概况、气候特征进行系统性统计分析。结果表明,该海域的风场、风浪、表层海流受季风影响明显,其中阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾受西南季风的影响更为明显,冬季风的影响次之,南海则相反。阿拉伯海的热带气旋主要活动于其东侧,孟加拉湾则在其中东部区域,南海主要是北部海域受热带气旋影响明显。南海—北印度洋的能见度整体乐观。夏季降水明显多于冬季,夏季大值区分布于印度半岛西部近海、孟加拉湾东北部、马尼拉西部区域。  相似文献   

4.
北黄海水体的226Ra和228Ra   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王芬芬  门武  刘广山 《台湾海峡》2010,29(2):265-276
用锰纤维富集-射气法测定了北黄海海水中的镭同位素226Ra和228Ra,研究了该海域水体中镭同位素的含量和分布.研究结果表明北黄海水体夏季226Ra的比活度为1.80~4.35 Bq/m3,平均值为3.06 Bq/m3;冬季226Ra的比活度为2.08~5.20 Bq/m3,平均值为3.28 Bq/m3.北黄海夏季228Ra的比活度为3.85~25.60 Bq/m3,平均值为10.60 Bq/m3;冬季228Ra的比活度为3.14~15.60Bq/m3,平均值为7.66 Bq/m3.该数据范围和中国近海其他海域、孟加拉湾、泰国昭披耶河口、濑户内海等海域相近.北黄海东北部海域,渤海海峡靠近山东半岛的海区和中北部海区表层镭同位素活度较高.C1断面镭同位素的分布特征从镭同位素的方面证实了渤海海峡水交换表现为北进南出特征这一结论的正确性.226Ra和228Ra的垂直分布较为复杂,大部分站位呈现出底层活度变高的趋势,其他少数站位呈现出中间层活度高的分布特征,不同来源的镭同位素输入至该海域形成了这样的分布特征.  相似文献   

5.
用锰纤维富集-射气法测定了北黄海海水中的镭同位素226Ra和228Ra,研究了该海域水体中镭同位素的含量和分布.研究结果表明北黄海水体夏季226Ra的比活度为1.80~4.35 Bq/m3,平均值为3.06 Bq/m3;冬季226Ra的比活度为2.08~5.20 Bq/m3,平均值为3.28 Bq/m3.北黄海夏季228Ra的比活度为3.85~25.60 Bq/m3,平均值为10.60 Bq/m3;冬季228Ra的比活度为3.14~15.60Bq/m3,平均值为7.66 Bq/m3.该数据范围和中国近海其他海域、孟加拉湾、泰国昭披耶河口、濑户内海等海域相近.北黄海东北部海域,渤海海峡靠近山东半岛的海区和中北部海区表层镭同位素活度较高.C1断面镭同位素的分布特征从镭同位素的方面证实了渤海海峡水交换表现为北进南出特征这一结论的正确性.226Ra和228Ra的垂直分布较为复杂,大部分站位呈现出底层活度变高的趋势,其他少数站位呈现出中间层活度高的分布特征,不同来源的镭同位素输入至该海域形成了这样的分布特征.  相似文献   

6.
环厦门海域沉积物放射性核素分布与沉积速率   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用HPGe探测器γ谱仪测定了厦门海域两个沉积物岩心的放射性核素,研究了40K、137Cs、210Pb、226Ra、228Ra、228Th和238U 7种放射性核素的垂直分布特征.综合文献数据与我们的研究结果给出沉积物中7种核素的比活度分别为510~1 096、2.64~4.01、48.4~129、9.6~40.0、49.9~94.3、56.3~89.2、11.5~82.3Bq/kg.用210Pbex方法计算得到的厦门西南和东北海域的沉积速率为2.62、2.43cm/a.文献给出的环厦门海域沉积速率范围值为0.07~13.2cm/a,算术平均值为3.2cm/a,主要集中在0.07~2.5、3.5~6.0cm/a范围内.  相似文献   

7.
基于2003—2015年的国产自主SST多源遥感融合数据,以中国南海及邻近海域为研究区,开展了SST时空分布和变化特征分析,结果表明:SST的空间分布总体呈现南高北低的特点,在研究区内,纬度每降低1°,SST增大约0.19℃,在近赤道区域,纬度每降低1°,SST约增大0.30℃;SST区域极大值的季节变化特征明显,冬季SST极大值均分布于5°N以南海域,夏季多分布于15°N以北海域,春秋两季分布介于冬春两季之间,秋季略偏向南海北部,春季略偏向南海南部。从时间变化上看,研究区SST呈现震荡上升趋势,上升速率约0.04℃/a;南海南部SST变化比较平缓,SST年变化速率一般小于0.04℃/a;近岸海域受人类活动的影响,SST年变化速率一般在0.05℃/a以上;在河口沿岸海域,受温度较低的冲淡水影响,SST升温不明显。  相似文献   

8.
历次核试验进入海洋的~(137)Cs对中国近海影响的模拟研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1945年以来,世界各主要核国家进行了数千次核试验,这些核试验产生的绝大部分放射性物质通过多种途径进入海洋,对海洋环境造成放射性污染。本文建立了一个准全球海洋的放射性物质输运和扩散数值模式,通过数值模拟手段评估了历史核试验释放的放射性物质137 Cs对中国近海海洋环境的影响。本文借助前人工作评估了核试验释放137Cs进入海洋的途径和总量;通过比较模拟结果与观测资料,表明本文建立的放射性物质模式能够较好地模拟出137Cs在中国近海及其邻近海域的分布情况和随时间演变特征;模拟结果表明中国近海里的137Cs浓度在20世纪50年代中期达到最大,其中吕宋海峡海域137Cs浓度最高,达80.99Bq/m3;进一步分析了2011年3月份日本福岛核事故前中国近海137Cs浓度分布状况,2011年整个中国近海137Cs浓度介于1.0~1.6Bq/m3间,且其浓度垂向分布较均匀,相对封闭的南海浓度略高于其他海域。  相似文献   

9.
太湖THS孔现代沉积物137Cs和210Pb的分布及计年   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8  
太湖THS沉积物柱状岩心中存在3个明显的137Cs蓄积峰,高含水率和有机质含量是前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站核泄漏对应的137Cs蓄积峰向表层迁移的一个可能的原因。利用137Cs核素1963年和1975年对应的蓄积峰计算出沉积速率为0.34 cm/a。利用137Cs核素1963年对应的蓄积峰进行校正,采用210Pb计年的CRS模式获得不同时段的沉积速率,发现在80年代末沉积物堆积通量最高,达到0.6 g/(cm2.a)。两种计年方法的结合有助于认识沉积速率的变化情况。  相似文献   

10.
1957~2002年南海—北印度洋海浪场波候特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郑崇伟  李训强  潘静 《台湾海峡》2012,31(3):317-323
利用ERA-40海表10 m风场驱动第三代海浪数值模式WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ,得到南海—北印度洋1957年9月至2002年8月的海浪场,并分析其波候(风候)特征.研究发现如下主要特征:(1)该海域的波高波向、风速风向受季风影响显著;(2)北印度洋大部分海域的海表风速呈显著性逐年线性递增趋势,大约0.01~0.02 m/(s·a),南海线性递增的区域则较少,有效波高呈显著性逐年线性递增的区域主要集中在低纬度中东印度洋(约0.003~0.006 m/a)、索马里附近海域(大约0.002~0.005 m/a)、南海大部分海域(约0.002~0.004 m/a),线性递减的区域主要集中在孟加拉湾海域(约-0.002 m/a);(3)Nino3指数与南海—北印度洋的海表风场、浪场存在密切的关系;(4)南海—北印度洋的海表风速与有效波高存在5.2a左右的共同周期,南海的海表风速、有效波高还存在2.0a左右的共同周期,北印度洋的海表风速、有效波高还存在26.0a的长周期震荡.  相似文献   

11.
除印度尼西亚贯穿流之外,南海贯穿流也是太平洋向印度洋输送海水的重要分支。尽管基于数值模拟等方法的研究早已指出,南海分支在太平洋-印度洋洋际交换中有重要作用,但是直到2007年之前,南海分支在卡里马塔海峡处的观测几乎是空白。本文回顾了自2007年起,通过中印尼合作项目"南海-印度尼西亚海水交换及对鱼类季节性洄游的影响(SITE)"在卡里马塔海峡开展的近十年观测,以及在此基础上进一步开展的"印度尼西亚贯穿流海域水交换、内波和混合观测及其生态效应(TIMIT)"观测项目,并对SITE和TIMIT观测取得的成果进行了总结。  相似文献   

12.
Circulations associated with the Indonesian Throughflow (IT), particularly concerning subsurface currents in the Pacific Ocean, are studied using three types of models: a linear, continuously stratified (LCS) model and a nonlinear, -layer model (LOM), both confined to the Indo-Pacific basin; and a global, ocean general circulation model (COCO). Solutions are wind forced, and obtained with both open and closed Indonesian passages. Layers 1-4 of LOM correspond to near-surface, thermocline, subthermocline (thermostad), and upper-intermediate (AAIW) water, respectively, and analogous layers are defined for COCO.The three models share a common dynamics. When the Indonesian passages are abruptly opened, barotropic and baroclinic waves radiate into the interiors of both oceans. The steady-state, barotropic flow field from the difference (open − closed) solution is an anticlockwise circulation around the perimeter of the southern Indian Ocean, with its meridional branches confined to the western boundaries of both oceans. In contrast, steady-state, baroclinic flows extend into the interiors of both basins, a consequence of damping of baroclinic waves by diapycnal processes (internal diffusion, upwelling and subduction, and convective overturning). Deep IT-associated currents are the subsurface parts of these baroclinic flows. In the Pacific, they tend to be directed eastward and poleward, extend throughout the basin, and are closed by upwelling in the eastern ocean and Subpolar Gyre. Smaller-scale aspects of their structure vary significantly among the models, depending on the nature of their diapycnal mixing.At the exit to the Indonesian Seas, the IT is highly surface trapped in all the models, with a prominent, deep core in the LCS model and in LOM. The separation into two cores is due to near-equatorial, eastward-flowing, subsurface currents in the Pacific Ocean, which drain layer 2 and layer 3 waters from the western ocean to supply water for the upwelling regions in the eastern ocean; indeed, depending on the strength and parameterization of vertical diffusion in the Pacific interior, the draining can be strong enough that layer 3 water flows from the Indian to Pacific Ocean. The IT in COCO lacks a significant deep core, likely because the model’s coarse bottom topography has no throughflow passage below 1000 m. Consistent with observations, water in the near-surface (deep) core comes mostly from the northern (southern) hemisphere, a consequence of the wind-driven circulation in the tropical North Pacific being mostly confined to the upper ocean; as a result, it causes the near-surface current along the New Guinea coast to retroflect eastward, but has little impact on the deeper New Guinea undercurrent.In the South Pacific, the IT-associated flow into the basin is spread roughly uniformly throughout all four layers, a consequence of downwelling processes in the Indian Ocean. The inflow first circulates around the Subtropical Gyre, and then bends northward at the Australian coast to flow to the equator within the western boundary currents. To allow for this additional, northward transport, the bifurcation latitude of the South Equatorial Current shifts southward when the Indonesian passages are open. The shift is greater at depth (layers 3 and 4), changing from about 14°S when the passages are closed to 19°S when they are open and, hence, accounting for the northward-flowing Great Barrier Reef Undercurrent in that latitude range.After flowing along the New Guinea coast, most waters in layers 1-3 bend offshore to join the North Equatorial Countercurrent, Equatorial Undercurrent, and southern Tsuchiya Jet, respectively, thereby ensuring that northern hemisphere waters contribute significantly to the IT. In contrast, much of the layer 4 water directly exits the basin via the IT, but some also flows into the subpolar North Pacific. Except for the direct layer 4 outflow, all other IT-associated waters circulate about the North Pacific before they finally enter the Indonesian Seas via the Mindanao Current.  相似文献   

13.
The Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011 released large amounts of radionuclides, including ~(137)Cs, into the Pacific Ocean. A quasi-global ocean radioactive transport model with horizontal grid spacing of 0.5°×0.5° and 21 vertical layers was thereafter established to study the long-term transport of the Fukushima-derived ~(137)Cs in the ocean.The simulation shows that the plume of ~(137)Cs would be rapidly transported eastward alongside the Kuroshio Current and its extensions. Contaminated waters with concentrations lower than 2 Bq/m3 would reach the west coast of North America 4 or 5 years after the accident. The ~(137)Cs tends to be carried, despite its very low concentration, into the Indian and South Pacific Oceans by 2016 via various branches of ocean currents.Meanwhile, the ~(137)Cs concentrations in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean decrease rapidly with time. Up to now the highly contaminated waters have remained in the upper 400 m, showing no evidence of significant penetration to deeper layers.  相似文献   

14.
The results obtained from an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM), the Modular Ocean Model 2.2, forced with the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data, and observational data have been utilized to document the climatological seasonal cycle of the upper ocean response in the Tropical Indian Ocean. We address the various roles played by the net surface heat flux and the local and remote ocean dynamics for the seasonal variation of near-surface heat budget in the Tropical Indian Ocean. The investigation is based in seven selected boxes in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and the Equatorial Indian Ocean. The changes of basin-wide heat budget of ocean process in the Arabian Sea and the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean show an annual cycle, whereas those in the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean show a semi-annual cycle. The time tendency of heat budget in the Arabian Sea depends on both the net surface heat flux and ocean dynamics while on the other hand, that in the Bay of Bengal depends mainly on the net surface flux. However, it has been found that the changes of heat budget are very different between western and eastern regional sea areas in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, respectively. This difference depends on seasonal variations of the different local wind forcing and the different ocean dynamics associated with ocean eddies and Kelvin and Rossby waves in each regional sea areas. We also discuss the comparison and the connection for the seasonal variation of near-surface heat budget among their regional sea areas. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
本文利用Argo表层盐度、OSCAR海流等数据,基于盐度收支方程的平流输送项来阐述海洋平流输送对热带印度洋表层盐度的调整作用;利用淡水输运量计算公式揭示6条关键断面海洋平流输送对表层盐度空间结构的调整机制。结果表明,海洋平流将赤道西印度洋和阿拉伯海的高盐水输送到低盐海域的赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾、安达曼海;将赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾、安达曼海的低盐水输送到高盐海域的赤道西印度洋、阿拉伯海以及赤道南印度洋海域,起到了调整印度洋盐度基本平衡的作用。断面淡水输运量的分析结果表明,导致苏门答腊岛西部海域的强降水中心与低盐中心不重合,澳大利亚西部海域的强蒸发中心与高盐中心不重合的主要原因是水平环流所致;夏季,来自赤道西印度洋和阿拉伯海的高盐水在西南季风环流的驱动下,入侵孟加拉湾,是导致孟加拉湾夏季表层盐度较高的主要原因。  相似文献   

16.
The influences of the large-scale interannual variations in the eastern Indian Ocean on the variability of the Indonesian throughflow are investigated by using an ocean general circulation model, driven by the ERS satellite winds from July 1992 to June 1997. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the simulated surface dynamic height variability captures two dominant modes on an interannual time scale, which are quite consistent with the available observations. The first mode indicates large amplitude in the western tropical Pacific and has a strong relation to the El Niño events, while the second EOF exhibits the large amplitude in the eastern Indian Ocean. The simulated net Indonesian throughflow shows an interannual variation of amplitude of about 15 Sv, with large transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean during 1994/95 and small transport during 1992 and 1997. It turns out that the net throughflow variation shows a high correlation with the second EOF mode (r = 0.51) for the whole five-year simulation. On the other hand, the correlation with the first mode is rather low (r = ?0.07). However, the relative importance of the EOF modes to the throughflow variability changes with time. The upper-layer transport above a depth of 230 m in the Indonesian archipelago is also affected by the second mode. The difference in the upper-layer transport across 1°S and 110°E generates warm water convergence/divergence with a magnitude of 4 Sv within the Indonesian Seas on the interannual time scale, which shows good correspondence with sea surface temperature variation averaged over the Indonesian archipelago.  相似文献   

17.
基于1951—2018年哈德里中心海温资料、美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料和第四代欧洲中心汉堡模式, 针对1994年、2018年等西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)生成异常多的年份, 研究了引起TC增加的海表温度异常(SSTA)模态及其影响机制。结果表明, 北半球热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋变冷是夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数增加的主要原因, 北大西洋负三极型式SSTA促使TC生成的进一步增加。热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋冷却在菲律宾以东激发出西风异常和气旋性环流异常。北大西洋负三极型式SSTA在我国南海、菲律宾至东南沿岸激发出气旋性环流异常。前者在西北太平洋中部, 后者在南海产生有利于TC生成的局地环境。1994年和2018年夏季热带中太平洋出现暖SSTA、印度洋为冷SSTA、北大西洋呈现负三极型式SSTA, 西北太平洋TC生成频数极端增多。近30年来, 当出现热带中太平洋增暖和印度洋冷却时, 北大西洋表现出比1989年以前更强的负三极型式SSTA, 使西北太平洋TC生成频数和北半球热带印度洋-太平洋SSTA梯度的线性相关更显著。  相似文献   

18.
赤道印度洋海温偶极子的气候影响及数值模拟研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
在分析研究印度洋海温变化的基本特征,尤其是在分析赤道印度洋海温偶极子及其影响的基础上,利用IAP9L大气环流模式模拟研究了赤道印度洋海温偶极子异常对亚洲季风区气候变化的影响.其结果表明,印度洋、亚洲南部和东部地区的流场和降水都对印度洋海温异常的强迫作用比较敏感.正位相印度洋偶极子的作用使得赤道东印度洋-印度次大陆南部-阿拉伯海一带出现距平东风,孟加拉湾-中南半岛出现异常反气旋性环流,从而对减少印度南部和中南半岛南部、印度尼西亚地区的夏季降水,以及增加中国南部和东非的夏季降水有十分重要的作用.与此相反,负位相印度洋偶极子的作用将使赤道东印度洋附近出现西风异常,孟加拉湾-中南半岛存在异常气旋性环流,从而使印度次大陆和中南半岛南部、印度尼西亚地区的降水增加,使中国西部和孟加拉湾的降水减少.数值模拟结果与资料分析相互映证,切实地揭示了印度洋海温偶极子对亚洲季风区的气候变化有重要影响.  相似文献   

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