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1.
1nm锰矿相的金属阳离子交换能力的研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
人工合成的1nm锰矿相和铜、钴、镍等二价金属阳离子的交换实验表明,1nm锰矿相具有强烈的金属阳离子交换能力.正是这种金属阳离子的交换能力,使得大洋多金属结核大量地富集了铜、钴、镍等有价金属元素.1nm锰矿相对几种金属阳离子的交换的优先顺序为:Cu>Co>Zn≥Ni>Ca>Mg.多金属结核中镍的含量往往高于铜、钴、锌等元素,但在交换顺序中它却低于铜、钴、锌等,这种不一致性说明结核成矿后期的金属离子交换并非是有价金属结合进结核的唯一途径.多金属结核富含铜、钴、镍等有价金属可能是结核初始成矿和成矿后期金属离子交换等多种因素共同作用的结果. 相似文献
2.
1nm锰矿相结构稳定性的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对在潮湿状态和经室温干燥后的人工合成Slnm锰矿相进行X衍射测定结果显示:1nm锰矿相与0.7nm锰矿相之间存在某种相变关系,那些结构不稳定的S1nm锰矿相,由于干燥等原因而失去层间-OH-H2O层,而使原先的1nm相“崩塌”成为0.7nm锰矿相.1nm锰矿相结构稳定性主要是由被结合进层间的Cu、Co、Ni等二价金属阳离子的特性与数量所决定的,其所含的金属阳离子的数量与其锰矿相的结构稳定性呈正相关,而不同的金属阳离子在稳定1nm锰矿相的结构的能力的大小可排列为:Ni>Cu>Co>Zn>Ca≥Mg>Na. 相似文献
3.
1 海底蕴藏着丰富的、具开采价值的多金属结核资源海底矿物资源种类繁多。目前所说的国际海底矿物资源主要指的是国家管辖范围以外的深海底的多金属结核、富钴的锰结壳和金属硫化物热液矿床。其中,海底多金属结核目前尤其引人瞩目。世界各大洋的深海底蕴藏有通称为锰结核的富含镍、铜、钴、锰等76种元素的多金属结核资源约3万亿吨,其 相似文献
4.
南海多金属结壳(核)铁锰矿物/海水界面效应与成矿元素的富集 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海底铁锰结壳和结核是重要的海底矿产资源,蕴含着丰富的金属元素并且具有巨大的经济价值。本文主要以南海多金属结壳（核）为研究对象,采用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析（FTIR）以及X射线光电子能谱对铁锰矿物的矿物学和谱学特征进行了系统的分析和研究。粉晶衍射和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,南海多金属结壳的矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英和长石,结核的矿物组成为钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿、石英和长石,铁相矿物均为无定形铁氧化物/氢氧化物,并且锰相矿物和铁相矿物的结晶程度均较差。红外光谱分析结果显示多金属结核和结壳中的铁锰矿物具有大量表面羟基,这些含质子表面羟基官能团,可为海水中各成矿元素的络合提供丰富的活性位点。XPS分析表明多金属结核和结壳中铁锰矿物表面以Fe、Mn和O元素为主,其中Fe呈正三价态,Mn以正四、正三价为主,可能还含有少部分正二价态。对比南海多金属结壳（核）与太平海山结壳,南海多金属结壳（核）具有更为显著的表面羟基氧（-OH）含量,而太平洋海山结壳则以晶格氧（O2-）为主,表明太平洋海山结壳铁锰矿物结晶程度较南海多金属结壳（核）高。综合研究表明,在海底铁锰结壳和结核中（氢）氧化锰/铁矿物与海水之间界面效应对金属离子的富集机理主要有：（1）金属离子与矿物表面羟基进行络合反应,形成以配位键相连的羟基络合物,或与表面的质子交换生成稳定的内层络合物;（2）矿物的带电表面与金属离子通过静电作用形成双电层,生成外层络合物;（3）金属离子与矿物结构中的Mn、Fe离子同晶置换而成为结构阳离子。 相似文献
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太平洋多金属结核中铁锰矿物分析及成因研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
铁锰矿物是大详多金属结核的重要组成,了解不同类型结核中主要铁锰矿物种类、形态、分布特点和结晶程度等,不仅有助于对锰矿物乃至多金属结核成因的研究,而且对选矿冶炼和资源的综合利用也具有现实意义.本文通过透射电子显微镜等多种手段综合分析与鉴定,指出多金属结核中主要铁锰矿物有钙锰矿、水羟锰矿、水钠锰矿、方锰矿、锰铁矿和针铁矿等.结晶程度普遍较差,钙锰矿结晶相对好于其他矿物,并在粗糙型结核中含量高,外层至核心含量稳定,变化小.水羟锰矿广为分布,但结晶差.铁矿物含量东区低于西区,结核外壳铁含量高于内核.锰矿物分布在叠层石柱体和纹层内,呈束状、纤维状和树枝状,与建造多金属结核的超微生物菌丝体形态一致.粗糙型结核是选冶的主要对象. 相似文献
6.
浅谈大洋富钴铁锰结壳拖网作业 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
富钴铁锰结壳富舍重要金属元素铜、钴、镍等，是海洋最重要的金属矿产资源之一，已引起世界各国尤其是发达国家的日益关注。结壳拖网是目前调查富钴结壳最主要的手段，但调查难度大，危险系数高。本文对结壳拖网作业需要考虑的几个因素进行探讨，并结合实际作业的典型例子进行说明。 相似文献
7.
东太平洋多金属结核中稀土元素的测试及其地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了大洋多金属结核中稀土元素的测试方法.多金属结核这种特殊地质样品,含铁、锰一般在20%～40%左右,而铁、锰属富线光谱元素,对稀土元素谱线均有干扰.本文根据样品特性,仅取250mg多金属结核样品,碱熔后,通过小型阳离子树脂交换柱,采用不同类型酸和不同酸度,洗脱交换柱上的杂质和稀土元素,使稀土元素与杂质元素分离.采用此方法测试国家一级多金属结核标准物质GBW07249中的稀土元素,取得了满意结果.同时利用本法测试了东太平洋多金属结核中稀土元素,并对其地球化学特征进行了初步研究. 相似文献
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深海多金属结核开采系统中的计算机系统华克强，朱齐丹，赵连惠（哈尔滨工程大学）１深海多金属结核开采系统介绍深海矿产资源的开发是人类利用海洋资源的一个重要部分，世界大洋底沉积着极为丰富的多金属结核，其中含有几十种元素，尤以铜、铁、钴、锰含量最高，也是最有... 相似文献
10.
西太平洋深海盆地同时发育多金属结核和富稀土沉积物,但针对多金属结核及其表层沉积物之间关系的研究较少。通过多金属结核-表层沉积物地球化学分析,揭示关键金属元素在结核、沉积物中的富集和分馏过程,探讨沉积过程与环境对多金属结核生长的影响。研究区多金属结核具有相对高的Co、REY含量,低的Mn/Fe比值,显示为典型的水成成因。主成分分析及相关性分析结果指示结核的成矿过程是在水成作用、成岩作用以及陆地碎屑、生物碎屑输入的作用下,Fe-Mn氧化物对海水及孔隙水中各类金属元素的选择性富集。研究区表层沉积物主要为深海黏土,相较于多金属结核富集大部分金属元素,深海黏土更为富集Si、Al、Na、K等元素。沉积物中Co、Ni、Cu等金属元素的富集与Fe-Mn微结核的含量相关,而REY与磷酸盐组分更为密切。Fe-Mn氧化物组分对海水中金属元素选择性吸附形成多元素的富集及显著的Ce正异常、Y负异常,而磷酸盐组分主要继承海水的稀土特征,它们的含量决定了沉积物中金属元素及稀土元素的含量和模式。结核及沉积物在关键元素富集的过程中有相似的过程,Fe-Mn氧化物组分是二者元素富集过程的载体。研究区的低生物生产力和低沉积速... 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献