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为了解三门湾海域表层沉积物重金属的含量和分布特征，本研究对三门湾海域2019年82个站位海域表层沉积物中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As及Hg共7种重金属元素的含量进行测定，并对比10年前的数据，分析了元素含量的变化情况，追溯了其主要物质来源。结果表明，三门湾海域表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg的平均质量浓度分别是31.33、96.46、29.86、0.116、91.54、13.09、0.06 mg/kg,Cu、Cr的含量相对较高。与2009年相比，2019年三门湾海域表层沉积物Cu、Zn与Cd的含量大体上保持一致，Pb、Cr与As的含量有所上升，Hg的含量显著降低。沉积物重金属含量由近岸向外海依次降低，高值区主要集中在蛇蟠水道口、力洋港与健跳镇附近。运用主成分分析与因子分析对重金属物质来源进行解析的结果表明，重金属物质的来源与人类活动的影响密切相关。 相似文献
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分析研究了兴化湾中部表层海水Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的含量发现,表层海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合海水水质一类标准,对表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As等6种重金属含量分析表明,6种重金属含量均符合海洋沉积物质量一类标准.表层海水中重金属与环境因子相关性分析表明,6种重金属与环境的相关性在不同季节中存在差异;而表层沉积物中重金属与环境因子的分析表明,重金属具有相近的来源,有机质对沉积物中重金属的含量分布具有重要影响.主成分分析结果表明,兴化湾中部表层沉积物7种重金属主要来源为有机质的降解、沉积环境本身及工业排污的影响,其贡献率分别为59.48%、15.30%、10.98%,3个主成分的贡献率合计达到85.76%.潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As均属轻微生态危害. 相似文献
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2014年8月和2019年8月分别对大亚湾海水以及表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr的含量进行了两次调查,分析了各重金属元素的含量分布特征、超标情况及其变化趋势。结果表明,海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr在2019年的平均含量分别为0.9、0.8、4.2、0.01、0.33 μg/L,与2014年相比,各重金属元素在大亚湾湾内的含量明显下降。2014年,大亚湾海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr的高值区靠近石化区第1条排污管线排污口所在海域。受石化区第2条排污管线投入使用的影响,2019年海水中Pb、Zn、Cr含量的高值区均位于大亚湾湾口附近,呈现出湾口含量高于湾内的分布特征。表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr在2019年的平均含量分别为14.3、31.6、74.4、0.07、27.1 μg/g,与2014年相比,Cd的平均含量明显下降,Cu、Pb、Zn的平均含量出现小幅上升。表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征在两次调查中基本相似,各重金属元素含量均在湾顶的石化区南侧海域较高,这与大亚湾的水动力特征以及陆源输入等因素有关。根据2019年的调查结果,海水中Pb的含量在大亚湾湾口和大鹏澳湾口附近超过第一类海水水质标准,其他元素未出现超标现象。表层沉积物中各重金属元素含量全部符合第一类海洋沉积物标准。 相似文献
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利用2007年10月和2009年6月对长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物的监测数据,分析了其中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg等7种重金属元素和TOC的含量,并采用Hakanson生态风险指数法进行了潜在生态风险评价.结果表明:重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg元素的平均含量分别为:37.43×10-6,36.85×10-6,93.48 × 10-6,0.17×10-6,72.91×10-6,10.60 × 10-6和0.043×10-6.各重金属元素空间上呈现长江口及杭州湾高、外陆架海区低的分布趋势,且总体上调查海区南部海域高于北部海域.7种重金属元素的污染指数由大到小排序为:Cu＞Cr＞ Zn＞Pb＞As＞Cd＞ Hg,其中Cu和Cr元素是主要的污染因子;潜在生态风险系数由大到小依次为:Cd＞ Hg＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn,其中Cd、Hg和Cu元素是主要的潜在生态风险因子.研究区仅局部海域受到了重金属元素的污染,RI值均小于150,属低潜在生态危害的范畴. 相似文献
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渤海中部表层沉积物中重金属赋存相态及来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近年来由于环渤海经济圈的快速发展,渤海接受了来自周边河流、沿岸排污及海上油气开采所产生的大量的重金属等污染物质,使得渤海的生态环境系统面临前所未有的压力。本文采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）对采自渤海中部的25个表层沉积物样品中的Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd等重金属元素的含量和赋存相态进行了分析,探讨了重金属分布规律、污染状况及来源。研究结果表明,Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr在渤海湾的近岸区域和渤海中部泥质区有较高的含量,而Pb和Cd则在整个研究区的含量都较高;表层沉积物中Cu、Co、Ni、Zn、Cr主要以残渣态形式存在,而Pb和Cd则具有较高的非残渣态含量;生态风险评价结果表明该区表层沉积物未受到Co、Ni、Cr的污染,Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd则为未污染-中等程度污染。重金属元素Co、Ni、Cr以自然来源为主,在沉积物中的分布主要受沉积物物质组成的影响,而Cu、Zn、Pb,尤其是Cd,则受到了人类活动的显著影响。黄河沉积物是研究区表层沉积物中重金属的主要来源,影响范围涵盖了本区大部分区域,但在研究区的北端受到滦河来源物质的影响,渤海湾和研究区中部则受到海河物质和大气沉降来源重金属的一定影响。 相似文献
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2006年夏冬季长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域表层海水溶解态重金属的平面分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用2006年夏、冬季两个航次采集的长江口、杭州湾及邻近海域表层海水水样,分别采用石墨炉无火焰原子吸收分光光度法和火焰原子吸收分光光度法,测定了海水中溶解态Cu、Pb、Cd、总Cr的含量以及溶解态Zn的含量,研究了该海域表层海水中溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和总Cr的平面分布状况,结果表明:(1)夏季表层海水中溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和总Cr的平均质量浓度分别为0.90、0.54、5.80、0.080和0.46 μg/dm3;冬季则分别为1.01、0.81、9.32、0.070和0.31 μg/dm3,上述重金属元素含量基本达到国家一类海水水质标准,仅夏、冬季Pb的部分站位以及冬季Zn的部分站位达到国家二类海水水质标准.(2)表层海水溶解态Cu、Pb、Zn的质量浓度总体平面分布规律为:冬季高于夏季;Cd和总Cr的质量浓度总体平面分布规律为:夏季高于冬季.(3)影响近岸海域表层海水溶解态重金属分布的因素比较复杂,入海径流和排污口等输入海域的重金属对海水表层的重金属分布具有决定性的作用,同时,盐度、pH值、悬浮颗粒物质、营养盐等也是重要的影响因子. 相似文献
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本文采用2008年在珠江口荷包岛近岸海域的调查数据,对表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及重金属与TOC的相关性进行了分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害程度进行了评价。结果表明:重金属Cd,Hg,Cr和As四种元素分布基本呈现荷包岛近岸海域较高的特点,重金属Zn,Pb和Cu的分布没有明显规律;重金属富集顺序为Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Hg＞As＞Cr＞Pb。相关性研究表明,重金属Cu与Zn显著相关,Hg,Cr,Cd和As极显著相关;有机质是影响沉积物重金属迁移和转化的重要因素。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,荷包岛近岸海域表层沉积物重金属总体潜在生态危害轻微;各重金属生态危害程度顺序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn;对荷包岛近岸海域生态环境具有潜在生态危害的重金属主要是Cd和Hg。 相似文献
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珠江口沉积物中重金属及其相态分布特征 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33
分析了在珠江口采集的21个表层柱状沉积物样品重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、As、Hg)的分布特征，并采用连续提取法，首次较系统地对该区沉积物中重金属元素的相态进行了研究。结果表明，珠江口表层沉积物中Zn、Cr、Cu、Cd等重金属含量呈现由西北逐渐向东南递减的变化特点，而Pb、As、Hg等重金属元素的含量分布无明显规律。重金属的相态分布表现为，Cu、Cd以吸附相为主，Cr、Hg以铁锰氧化物和有机结合相为主，Pb、Zn和As则表现为相对较为均匀地分布在3个或4个相态中，其中Pb以有机相稍占优势，Zn以铁锰氧化物相稍占优势，As则以水相稍占优势。重金属含量及相态分布的影响因素主要为污染源的排放(人为因素)和珠江口的水动力条件(自然因素)，如强径流和弱潮所引起的沉积物粒度组成、海水、底质的盐度以及pH、Eh等。 相似文献
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Changyou Wang Xiulin Wang Bodong Wang Chuansong Zhang Xiaoyong Shi Chenjian Zhu 《Oceanology》2009,49(1):64-72
Dissolved concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were measured in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. The results
indicate that the ranges of dissolved heavy metals in the studied waters are as follows: Cu = 1.0−6.9 μg/L, Pb = 0.10−0.39
μg/L, Zn = 3.2−9.1 μg/L, and Cd = 0.011−0.049 μg/L. The behavior of the dissolved Cu was essentially conservative, but a high
scatter was observed for the high salinity samples, and it is the same with Zn and Pb. The overall concentrations of dissolved
Cd increase with the salinity. There were no differences between the surface, middle, and bottom layer for Cu, Pb, Zn, and
Cd. Seasonal changes of their averages were not obvious on the whole. River discharges, sedimentary dynamics, and biological
processes might determine the profiles of heavy metals.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
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海口湾海水重金属的行为特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
本文对海口湾溶解态铜、铅、锌、镉进行了测定.铜的变化范围为:0.47～1.16μg/dm3,平均值为0.78μg/dm3;铅的变化范围为:0.94～2.36μg/dm3,平均值为1.36μg/dm3;锌的变化范围为:1.28～4.83μg/dm3,平均值为3.14μg/dm3;镉的变化范围为:0.005～0.072μg/dm3,平均值为0.030μg/dm3,Cu、Zn的溶解态含量在龙昆路生活污水排污沟口、秀英工业排污沟口及海甸溪口的测站相对较高,Pb、Cd溶解态含量较低,湾内各站平面分布较为均匀.它们的溶解态含量垂直变化趋势为:Cu、Pb、Zn底层大于表层,而Cd表层大于底层.对Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的颗粒态含量也进行了测定,指出海口湾海水中的颗粒物对重金属的净化起一定作用.对铜的溶解态中的强络合态和不稳态铜也进行了研究,强络合态占总溶解态的比例均在85%以上,对生物起毒性作用有关的不稳态铜含量很低,均小于5nmol/dm3,表明目前海口湾海水中的重金属铜不会对生物生长产生影响. 相似文献
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Trace metals in seawater and copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern Taiwan coast 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The distribution, partitioning and concentrations of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in seawater, including dissolved and particulate phases, and in copepods in the ocean outfall area off the northern coast of Taiwan were investigated. Normalization of metal concentrations to the background metal concentration to yield relative enrichment factors (EF), which were used to evaluate the contamination of dissolved and particulate trace metals in seawater around the ocean outfall. The EF results indicated that the outfall area was significantly contaminated by dissolved Fe and Zn, and by particulate Fe, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In addition, most trace metals were chiefly in the particulate phase. The average percentage of total metal concentrations (dissolved plus particulate phases) bound by suspended particulate matter followed the sequence Al(95%) = Mn(95%) > Pb(88%) > Cu(86%) > Fe(72%) > Zn(32%) > Cr(17.5%) > Cd(3.4%). Therefore, metal contamination is better evaluated in solid phase than in the dissolved phase. The concentration ranges of trace metals in the copepods, Temora turbinata, Oncaea venusta and Euchaeta rimana, near the outfall were: Cd, 0.23-1.81 microg g(-1); Cr, 16.5-195 microg g(-1); Cu, 14-160 microg g(-1); Fe, 256-7255 microg g(-1); Mn, 5.5-80.8 microg g(-1); Pb, 2.6-56.2 microg g(-1); Zn, 132-3891 microg g(-1); and Al, 0.21-1.13%. Aluminum, and probably Fe, seemed to be the major elements in copepods. The concentrations of trace metals in copepods, especially Temora turbinata, near the outfall were generally higher than those obtained in the background station. The mean increase in bioconcentration factor of metals in copepods ranged from 4 to 7 and followed the sequence Al(6.4) > Cu(6.2) > Fe(6.0) > Zn(5.7) > Pb(5.6) > Cr(5.5) > Cd(5.1) > Mn(4.7). Therefore, marine copepods in the waters of northern Taiwan can accumulate trace metals over background concentrations and act as contamination indicators. 相似文献
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Concentrations of P and of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) were determined in sediment cores from the Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia. Two cores were extracted, each representing one of the two basins of the estuary. Sediments were dated by surplus210Pb, by137Cs and by changes in the Fe/S ratio. Increasing exports of P from the mainly agricultural catchments have resulted in more than a doubling of both total P and acid extractable inorganic P in sediments of the estuary. Accumulation of P in the estuary is less than expected for complete retention of inputs of P from the major tributaries. Historical data show that since 1950 average concentrations of dissolved inorganic P have approximately doubled in the Peel Inlet and increased by times seven in the Harvey Estuary. Increases in concentrations in surface sediments of acid extractable Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu are noticeable in the Peel Inlet, and of Zn and Cd in the Harvey Estuary. The greatest increase, relative to background, is shown by Zn. Concentrations of extractable Zn and Cd in surface sediments are similar to those estimated from average concentrations in the water column for equilibrium adsorption to organic matter in sediments. Extractable Pb is greater than estimated for equilibrium adsorption to sediments. Extractable Cu is of the order of what can be expected for equilibrium adsorption to sediments in the Peel Inlet, but is less than expected in the Harvey Estuary. 相似文献
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Spatial and seasonal variations of the macrobenthic community and metal contamination in the Douro estuary (Portugal) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The macrobenthic community structure and characteristics of sediments were studied in samples collected seasonally at five stations in the lower mesotidal Douro estuary, Portugal. Sediment characterisation included grain size distribution, total-recoverable metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd), acid-volatile sulphides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) and total organic matter contents. Spatial variation surpassed temporal variation both in terms of environmental parameters and community structure. Clear anthropogenic contamination in terms of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb, and a positive SEM-AVS, indicating the potential bioavailability of these metals, were detected on the north bank of the estuary. Multivariate analysis revealed that in addition to natural sediment characteristics, the anthropogenic metal contamination was influencing the macrobenthic community structure. In fact, greater concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu and Pb were associated with lower number of species and/or diversity. Finally, the dry weight-normalised metal concentrations appeared as a more useful tool than the SEM-AVS model in predicting disturbance of the macrobenthic community in the studied area. 相似文献
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Rob F. Nolting Wim Helder Hein J. W. de Baar Loes J. A. Gerringa 《Journal of Sea Research》1999,42(4):2393
Dissolved and particulate trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn) measured at six stations along the Scheldt estuary in October/November 1978 are compared with more recent data. Based on Ca content in the suspended matter, three distinct geochemical regions could be distinguished: the upper estuary (salinity 1–7) dominated by fluvial mud, mid-estuary (salinity 7–17) where the composition of the suspended matter remained relatively constant, and the lower estuary where marine mud prevailed. Re-suspension of sediments is the major factor controlling the composition of the particles in the upstream region. Anoxic conditions prevailed in the upper part of the estuary extending to a salinity of 15 in 1978, while at present the seaward boundary of the anoxic water body is located at less saline waters. Furthermore, the present-day metal load is much lower than in 1978. As a consequence of the changed situation, maxima in dissolved concentrations of redox-sensitive metals in the mid/lower estuary have moved as well, which affects the trace metal re-distribution pattern. In the anoxic zone, exchange processes between dissolved and particulate metal fractions were strongly redox regulated, with Fe and Mn as excellent examples. Iron was removed from the dissolved phase in the early stages of mixing resulting in an increase in the suspended particulate matter of the leachable ‘non-residual' Fe fraction from 2 to 3.5%. Due to its slower kinetics, removal of Mn from solution occurred in mid-estuary where oxygen concentrations increased. Cu, Cd and Zn on the contrary were mobilised from the suspended particles during estuarine mixing. External inputs of Pb, and to a lesser extent of Cu, in the lower estuary resulted in the increase of their particulate and the dissolved concentrations. Calculated Kd (distribution coefficient) values were used to assess the redistribution between the dissolved and particulate phase of the investigated metals. Due to the existence of the anoxic water body in the upper estuary, the importance of redox processes in determining the Kd values could be demonstrated. The sequence of Kd values in the upper estuary (Fe, Cd, Zn, Pb > Cu > Ni, Mn) is significantly different from that in the lower estuary (Fe > Mn > Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd). Thus, in such a dynamic estuary single metal-specific Kd values cannot be used to describe redistribution processes. 相似文献
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长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属分布和潜在生态危害评价 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
对长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe、Hg、Cd的含量分布以及富集状况进行分析,并采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价该海域中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Hg、Cd污染的程度及其潜在的生态危害,结果表明:长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn、Cr、Fe的分布特征表现为由近岸向远岸递减的趋势,整体上象山县和舟山群岛近岸海域的含量高于研究区北部含量;Hg在长江口南端含量较高,呈由西向东递减的趋势;Cd在长江口南端以及象山县东含量较高,在研究区中部含量较低。潜在生态危害评价结果表明,长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物只有部分站点处于生态危害的中等级别,大多站点生态危害轻微,污染程度顺序为Cd>Hg>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn;对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境具有潜在影响的重金属元素首先是Cd,其次是Hg。对底质环境质量进行系统聚类分析结果显示,象山县和长江口外以及济州岛西南近海海域的底质环境较差,应予以重视。 相似文献
18.
Lars-Göran Danielsson Bertil Magnusson Stig Westerlund Kerong Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(1):73-85
The concentrations of the trace metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in the Göta River estuary have been investigated. The following metal fractions have been determined: acid-leachable, dissolved, labile and particulate.The estuary represents a salt wedge type estuary and is situated in a densely populated region of Sweden. The metal concentrations found for the dissolved fraction is in the range of what can be considered as background levels for freshwater. It is difficult to evaluate any estuarine processes other than conservative mixing for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn. The dissolved levels in the freshwater end member are Cd, 9–25 ngl?1; Cu, 1·1–1·4 μgl?1; Fe, 20–75 μg l?1: Ni, 0·7–0·9 μg l?1: Pb 0·09–0·2 μg l?1; and Zn, 6–7 μg l?1:The results from the acid-leachable fraction show that at high suspended load the particles sediment in the river mouth. The trace metal levels in this fraction are subject to large variations. 相似文献
19.
Speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Xiamen Bay surface sediment 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Based on the survey of surface sediment in Xiamen Bay in October 2011, the speciation, distribution, and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cr） in this area were studied us-ing the sequential extraction method and ecological risk assessment method. The results indicated：（1） the total concentrations of these heavy metals were influenced by runoff, industrial wastewater, and sewage, and were all higher in the coastal area than the offshore area while the highest area of Pb was a little far-ther away from the coastal water due to atmosphere deposition;（2） sequential extractions suggested that Cu was mainly composed with residual and Fe/Mn-oxide bound fractions, Pb was bound to Fe/Mn-oxide, Zn and Cr were dominated by residual, and Cd bound to exchangeable and carbonate fractions; （3） the order of migration and transformation sequence was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr and the degree of pollution was Cd＆gt;Pb＆gt;Cu＆gt;Zn＆gt;Cr;and （4） the ratios of the secondary and primary phases showed that Zn and Cr were both clean, Cu may be polluted, Pb was moderately polluted, while Cd was heavily polluted. 相似文献