共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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综述了近10a国内外有关重金属、氨态氮、亚硝酸盐、有机污染物等几种环境因子对虾蟹类非特异性免疫影响的研究成果,以期为通过改善养殖环境条件提高虾蟹类自身免疫抗病力提供理论依据.同时,为进一步深入开展该领域的研究工作积累资料. 相似文献
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虾蟹类生物能量学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
虾蟹类生物能量学（Bioenergetics）是研究能量在虾蟹类体内转换的一门学科,其中心问题是研究虾蟹类体内能量收支各组分之间的定量关系以及环境因子（温度、盐度和pH等）、营养因子（饵料种类、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物等）和内源因子（发育阶段和体质量等）对这些关系的影响,探讨生物调节其能量分配的生理生态学机制。Klein最早提出了能量在虾蟹类体内流动和转换的基本模型,该模型可归纳为以下能量收支式：C=G＋R＋U＋F＋E,式中C为摄食能,G为生长能,R为呼吸能,U为排泄能,F为排粪能,E为蜕壳能。 相似文献
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作者根据2012年5月和2013年11月对日照近岸海域进行的底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域虾蟹类的种类组成、优势种和生物多样性。调查海域共捕获虾蟹类25种,根据相对重要性指数计算优势种为8种,其中经济价值较高的中大型虾蟹类5种,分别为:口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、戴氏赤虾(Meraenaeopsis dalei)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、日本[虫寻](Charybdis japonica)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)。分别计算了日照近岸海域春、秋季虾蟹类群落的多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)。该海域虾蟹类群落多样性整体处在较低的水平,在生物量和丰度上经济较高的中大型虾蟹类物种占据优势。 相似文献
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海洋虾蟹类是重要的捕捞对象和优良的养殖品种。许多虾类和小型蟹类又是中下层鱼类的天然饵料,在渔业生物学中占有重要地位。某些发声种类(如鼓虾)在海洋声学研究上颇受重视。因此,调查虾蟹类的种类、数量分布及变动规律,对渔业生产、资源开发利用和水声研究等都具有一定意义。三十多年来,我国在海产虾蟹类调查和研究方面取得了显著成绩,已发表了不少很有价值的专著和研究报告,为虾蟹类研究积累了资料。本文根据1980年11月(秋)、1981年2月(冬)、5月(春)和8月(夏)厦门港湾54个底栖生物定量采泥站和13个定性拖网站(图1)的季度月资料,结合1961月5月至1964年2月福建中、南部海域底栖生物调查资料,分析了厦门港湾及福建南部海域虾蟹类的生态特点,着重探讨了几个主要经济种类的生态习性。底栖生物定量调查使用0.1米~2曙光HNM型采泥器,定性调查使用网口宽1.5米的三角拖网。 相似文献
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三种常见经济虾蟹类眼柄微结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究分别检测了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)、中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)和中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)三种虾蟹类的眼柄微结构特征,根据眼柄微结构,三种虾蟹类眼柄都分为4层:表层、色素层、钙化层和膜层。表层质地均匀,色素层含有色素,钙化层内有明显的生长纹(宽带和细纹),膜层透明度最高。但是三者眼柄微结构也有差异,中国对虾眼柄色素层较薄,膜层较厚,中华绒螯蟹钙化层含有色素颗粒。研究发现,中华绒螯蟹眼柄生长纹平均间距最大。钙化层的宽带是否与年龄或脱壳次数有关,细纹是否与日龄有关需要进一步实验验证,通过眼柄微结构特征的分析,可为虾蟹类的年龄鉴定及其生长研究提供新的方法。 相似文献
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不同池塘养殖模式的环境氮磷负荷及其水质特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年3月至2009年1月研究了广东海丰县东关联安围湿地两种投饵养殖模式——对虾主养(半集约化养殖)和虾蟹混养(半集约化养殖)海水池塘的环境氮磷负荷和养殖水体氮磷含量的周年变化情况,并以不投饵的塭围虾贝混养(粗放式养殖)模式为对照。3种模式中,池塘单位面积环境氮、磷负荷以对虾主养模式最高,分别为36.52 kg/hm2和7.39 kg/hm2;虾蟹混养模式次之,分别为1.49 kg/hm2和0.52kg/hm2;而塭围虾贝混养模式最低,分别为–2.47 kg/hm2和–0.34 kg/hm2。每月1次对3种模式养殖过程中水体的总氮、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮和总磷及磷酸盐含量进行监测,结果表明,与养殖环境氮磷负荷大小相对应,塭围虾贝混养池塘水质最好,虾蟹混养池塘次之,而对虾主养池塘水质最差,这种现象尤其在养殖后期更为明显。 相似文献
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Wei Shouqing 《海洋学报(英文版)》1991,10(3):480-480
A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable 相似文献
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三疣梭子蟹与凡纳滨对虾混养实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用海水陆基围隔实验方法探讨三疣梭子蟹和凡纳滨对虾混养的适宜配比和水环境的变化,并比较其养殖效果.实验中对虾6个放养密度分别为0,15,45,75,105,135 尾/m~2;三疣梭子蟹的密度为6尾/m~2.实验结果表明,经过60 d的养殖,混养组梭子蟹的成活率、规格和净产量均优于梭子蟹单养组,其中,混养对虾密度为45尾/m~2组(45.71%,43.22 g/ind,1 191 kg/hm~2)最高,其次是75尾/m~2组(44.58%,39.13 g/ind,1 050 kg/hm~2),梭子蟹单养组(35.13%,32.87 g/ind,693 kg/hm~2)最低.混养6尾/m~2密度梭子蟹条件下,对虾的养成规格和成活率与对虾密度呈负相关.实验后期各混养组水体中总氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐和总氮含量均显著高于单养组,且随对虾放养密度增高显著上升.水体总氨氮含量各混养组在养殖50 d后均超过500 μg/L.本实验表明:三疣梭子蟹与凡纳滨对虾混养的最佳配比为三疣梭子蟹6尾/m~2,对虾45～75尾/m~2. 相似文献
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厦门筼筜湖水产生物体内重金属含量及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2001年7月厦门筼筜湖的水生生态环境调查资料,着重分析了筼筜湖鱼类、虾类、蟹类体内重金属的含量分布。结果表明:筼筜湖内的蟹类体内Cu,Pb,Cd和Zn的含量明显高于虾类和鱼类。文中还根据我国《食品中铜、铅、镉、锌限量卫生标准》,对15种水产生物体内的重金属污染程度进行评价,结果筼筜湖的鱼类和虾类体内的重金属含量基本未超标,但蟹类体内的Pb,Cd含量已超标。 相似文献
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Three species of estuarine invertebrates, Palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp), Pagurus longicarpus (hermit crab) and Argopecten irradians (bay scallop), were exposed to Cd in flowing seawater at concentrations of 0·06, 0·12, 0·25, 0·5 and 1·0 mg/litre. Incipient LC50 values of 0·53 and 0·07 mg/litre were estimated for bay scallop and hermit crab, respectively. The toxicity curve for grass shrimp had not stabilised, but the incipient LC50 value was estimated to fall within a range of 0·2 to 0·3 mg/litre. Short-term response, as measured by time to 50% mortality at the highest Cd concentration, was 10, 21 and 23 days for the bay scallop, hermit crab and grass shrimp, respectively. Scallop growth was inhibited at all exposure concentrations with a measured 42-day EC50 value of 0·078 mg/litre Cd. Byssal thread detachment precedes death in bay scallops. An EC50 value of 0·54 mg/litre Cd for byssal detachment was measured on day 8 of the bioassay before appreciable mortality. This compared favourably with the incipient LC50 value of 0·53 mg/litre Cd. Cadmium accumulation occurred at all concentrations in bay scallop and grass shrimp. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2000,43(7):557-571
Sustainable farming is a critical issue in aquaculture development. The concept is well understood but the issue is that of methodology for implementing it. It is well recognized that fragmented holdings have been a major constraint in the implementation of farming practices by small-scale farmers. In India 80 per cent of the shrimp production comes from small and marginal holdings which follow different systems of production, including the traditional `pokkali’ farms of Kerala state, improved traditional farming, and scientific methods. Group farming, which was highly successful in paddy farming, was tested among small-scale shrimp farmers practicing paddy and shrimp farming in rotation in a cluster of `pokkali’ fields in Kerala. The model served as an effective extension intervention to educate farmers on sustainability while helping them to improve their farming practices. The farmers, including women, could be equipped with the technology for farming not only shrimp but also finfish, crab and aquaculture feed production by strengthening the farmer–extensionist–researcher–political–administrative linkages. The work was done during 1993–1996 at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin, India. The study formed a part of the action research project on empowerment of rural communities through extension. 相似文献
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研究并建立了水产品中的7种多氯联苯残留的气相色谱检测方法，用该方法对鱼、虾、贝、蟹、甲鱼等多种水产动物中多氯联苯的残留量进行了分析测定。结果表明，7种多氯联苯的峰面积与其质量浓度在1.0～200ng／mL范围内呈线性关系，相关系数均大于0．999。鳕鱼和牡蛎样品中添加1.0ng／g的多氯联苯标准液时，多氯联苯的回收率为81．33％～85．33％；相对标准偏差为7．33％～9．21％。方法的测定低限为0．3ng／g。另外，通过优化前处理方法，使用硅胶净化柱，缩短了样品的前处理时间，减少了试剂消耗，提高了回收率。 相似文献
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Satellite remote sensing of the geographical distribution of suspended particle size in an energetic shelf sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Natural and created Spartina brackish marsh habitats in the Guadalupe Estuary, adjacent to the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, USA were surveyed during spring, summer, and fall 2004 to evaluate the equivalence of nekton assemblages in an old (>30 years) created marsh. During each season, six replicate samples were collected in each marsh type using a 1-m2 drop sampler. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in nekton assemblage structure among marsh type, both within and across seasons. Species richness was significantly higher in the natural marsh in spring and summer but not in fall. Several species that were dominant in the natural marsh but rare or absent in the created marsh had strong correlations with the presence of oyster substrate that was only encountered in natural marsh samples. Although cumulative richness was greater in the natural marsh, eight species were collected only from the created marsh. Shrimp and fish biomass was significantly higher in natural marsh. Analysis of the density, biomass and size structure of three commercially important crustaceans indicated that the created marsh supported similar biomass of some species (white shrimp, blue crab); however, the size structure of some populations was variable among marshes (blue crab, brown shrimp). We conclude that lower substrate complexity (specifically oyster) and soil organic content in the created marsh reduced measures of nekton similarity and recommend that these features be addressed in future restoration efforts. 相似文献