共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
通过大尺度水槽波浪引起泥沙悬移的动床模型实验,研究了沙坝海岸破波带内水底悬沙浓度形成机理,通过比较时间平均水底悬沙浓度与时间平均水底波浪水质点动能或时间平均水底湍动能之间的相关性,论证了利用时间平均湍动能比利用时间平均波浪水质点动能计算时间平均水底悬沙浓度更为适用,并提出了以上时间平均水底悬沙浓度与水底湍动能之间的关系也可以用来近似表达时间变化的水底悬沙浓度与时间变化的水底湍动能之间的关系。研究针对规则波、波群和不规则波3种波浪形态进行,并分别对破波带内的爬坡区、内破波区和沙坝区3个区域实验结果进行讨论。 相似文献
2.
本文将一个基于扩展到破波带的Boussi nesq方程的二维位相分解波浪变形模块与一个波浪挟沙输运模块相结合来计算二维输沙率 ,建立了两个水动力模块来计算流及湍粘性的垂向变化 ,以及波浪悬沙浓度和悬沙输沙率。在几种情况下对该模型进行了验证 ,并做了精度分析。Elfrink等 (1 996)给出了三维模型的描述 ,即一个无界海滩位相平均的波浪模块和一个波浪挟沙输运模块的合成。需要一个波浪理论来计算波要素。Rakha等 (1 997)所描述的模型则代表一个可位相分解的海岸剖面模型 ,即由一个一维 (1D)Boussinesq模块和一个垂向一维(1DV)波浪水动力及… 相似文献
3.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(3)
通过实时观测黄河口洪季(9月)潮滩潮周期内悬沙浓度和波潮流等水动力因素的变化,并结合边界层悬浮物剖面测量仪(ASM-4)数据,讨论了悬沙浓度在潮周期内的变化及其影响因素,计算了再悬浮通量、分析了悬沙浓度的垂向分布特征。结果表明,一级海况下海流对再悬浮的贡献较大,二级海况下波浪对再悬浮的贡献较大。观测点悬沙浓度多以浓度峰的形式出现,既有潮流冲刷床面所引起的悬沙浓度峰,也存在由波致再悬浮和潮流输运所引起的悬沙浓度峰。 相似文献
4.
北戴河海滩泥沙捕获实验及其初步结果分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
介绍了利用泥沙捕获器观测破波带泥沙垂直分布结构的现场实验方法和基本程序，以及利用实验结果计算泥沙通量的方法。研究表明，近岸带泥沙运移通量及其在垂向上的分布受破波带相对位置和海滩地形变化的影响。在破波点附近，波浪的搅动和流场作用强，泥沙运移通量增大，泥沙在波浪的作用下可以大量进入垂直水体以悬移和跃移的方式运移。在本实验中，破波点附近的泥沙在距海底100cm的垂直水体中运移，通量垂向向上逐渐减小。远离破波点，泥沙运移通量和进入垂直水体的高度明显下降。在地形变化复杂的有坝海滩，沙坝顶部的泥沙运移通量最大，泥沙进入垂直水体运移的机率增加，而在沙坝问的沟槽内，波浪和海流作用减弱，泥沙通量和垂向进入水体运移的比例下降。 相似文献
5.
黄河三角洲海底土波致再悬浮研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在现代黄河三角洲采集土样,制备室内水槽试验的底床,施加波浪作用,观测波致悬沙含量的变化规律,分析不同波高、作用时间对单位面积底床再悬浮量的影响,及波浪停止作用后悬浮泥沙的静水沉降规律。研究发现,在水深一定条件下底床再悬浮量呈现随波高增大而增大的特性,两者线性拟合的相关性很好;在一定波高的波浪连续作用下,约5 000~6 000个波周期底床再悬浮过程完成;在波浪作用初始阶段底层悬沙含量与中上层的相差很大,悬沙含量垂线结构呈斜线型,稳定阶段的悬沙浓度垂向结构呈准直线型,底层与表层含沙量比值为0.98~1.25,整个水层含量分布均匀;静水沉降过程中当悬沙含量大于1 g/dm3,悬沙含量(SSC)呈现出随时间指数衰减的规律,悬沙浓度与沉降通量呈线性关系。研究结果对认识黄河水下三角洲泥沙运移规律具有一定的科学意义。 相似文献
6.
根据现场大风浪条件下的实测资料,粉质土海岸水体中的含沙量沿垂向具有上部均匀、近底突增的分布特点,即呈L型分布特征。利用黄河三角洲粉质土作为试验底床开展波浪水槽试验研究,揭示了底床粉质土在波浪作用下产生液化情况的水体含沙量沿垂向存在L型分布特征。根据试验现象以及悬沙粒度变化,分析认为底部高含沙层的形成主要受粉质土液化后细颗粒析出的影响,上部水体中悬沙由湍流脉动维持。对粉质土海岸大风天气期间水体含沙量剧烈增加采用波致粉质土液化的观点进行了初步解释。 相似文献
7.
振荡流层移输沙条件下悬沙层泥沙扩散系数垂向分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
层移输沙是海岸带泥沙运动的主要形式之一,其垂向悬沙浓度分布规律的研究一直是海岸工程关心的重点。一般情况下,经典的纯扩散模型被用来描述和解释悬沙浓度的试验数据,该模型认为周期平均悬沙浓度主要由参考浓度、泥沙沉速和泥沙扩散系数确定。泥沙扩散系数可以由泥沙沉速和悬沙浓度的垂向梯度反演得到。既往研究大多直接给出泥沙扩散系数的结果,对于不同反演计算方法间结果差别的研究较少。本研究汇总了已有振荡流层移输沙试验数据,采用曲线拟合方法和直接差分方法计算了相应的泥沙扩散系数,研究表明两种方法得到的计算结果在垂向位置z 0.15 m处差异不大,随着垂向位置的升高,差分方法的计算结果略微大于拟合方法。考虑到拟合方法可以得到连续的泥沙扩散系数垂向分布,本研究推荐使用幂函数形式的曲线拟合方法求解悬移泥沙扩散系数。基于此,对比分析了层移输沙悬沙层泥沙扩散系数随泥沙粒径、振荡流周期、均方根流速和振荡流类型等物理参数的变化规律。在纯振荡流层移输沙条件下,泥沙扩散系数随泥沙粒径的增大而增大,而振荡流周期和均方根流速几乎不影响泥沙扩散系数。在振荡流和定常流共同作用下,泥沙扩散系数受振荡流周期和定常流流速的影响,泥沙扩散系数随着振荡流周期的增大或定常流流速的减小而增大。 相似文献
8.
任意水深变化水域非线性波数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了较为准确地计算沙质海岸沿岸输沙率,基于网格模型建立沙质海岸波浪的传播变化模型,根据求得的波高和波向分布特征,并考虑辐射应力等,计算波生流的分布。并在此基础上通过波浪最大底部轨道速度和沿岸流的分布特点,建立估算破波带内各网格单元上沿岸输沙率的分布模型。 相似文献
9.
沙质海岸沿岸输沙率的数值模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了较为准确地计算沙质海岸沿岸输沙率,基于网格模型建立沙质海岸波浪的传播变化模型,根据求得的波高和波向分布特征,并考虑辐射应力等,计算波生流的分布.并在此基础上通过波浪最大底部轨道速度和沿岸流的分布特点,建立估算破波带内各网格单元上沿岸输沙率的分布模型. 相似文献
10.
珠江口最大浑浊带的形成与季节变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用Delft3D研究了珠江口最大浑浊带的分布以及影响因素。盐度和悬沙浓度的垂向分布揭示出最大浑浊带范围的变化。最大浑浊带在干季的悬沙浓度比湿季更大,而其中心位置与湿季相比向上游移动10 km。最大浑浊带的形成受到潮汐、径流和地形的综合影响,而沉积物的再悬浮和垂向环流为影响最大浑浊带的主要因素。 相似文献
11.
利用涌浪影响下短时段内的冲流带滩面高频高程数据和碎波带波流资料,在奇异谱分析(SSA)的基础上,对比研究了不同形态滩面的冲淤变化趋势、趋势分布形状、冲淤变化周期和冲淤变化强度,以及同一条剖面不同桩点间各因素间的变化关系;用交叉谱方法探索了每分钟滩面高频冲淤变化与碎波带长重力波间的作用关系。分析结果表明,滩角韵律地形引起的冲流分流作用促进了滩脊向滩谷的泥沙转运,冲流带滩面存在明显的长重力波频段的周期性冲淤振动,滩面冲淤振动强度由滩面下部向上部递减,碎波带长重力波对滩面高频冲淤变化起重要作用。 相似文献
12.
《Marine Geology》2005,216(3):169-189
Simultaneous high frequency field measurements of water depth, flow velocity and suspended sediment concentration were made at three fixed locations across the high tide swash and inner surf zones of a dissipative beach. The dominant period of the swash motion was 30–50 s and the results are representative of infragravity swash motion. Suspended sediment concentrations, loads and transport rates in the swash zone were almost one order of magnitude greater than in the inner surf zone. The vertical velocity gradient near the bed and the resulting bed shear stress at the start of the uprush was significantly larger than that at the end of the backwash, despite similar flow velocities. This suggests that the bed friction during the uprush was approximately twice that during the backwash.The suspended sediment profile in the swash zone can be described reasonably well by an exponential shape with a mixing length scale of 0.02–0.03 m. The suspended sediment transport flux measured in the swash zone was related to the bed shear stress through the Shields parameter. If the bed shear stress is derived from the vertical velocity gradient, the proportionality coefficient between shear stress and sediment transport rate is similar for the uprush and the backwash. If the bed shear stress is estimated using the free-stream flow velocity and a constant friction factor, the proportionality factor for the uprush is approximately twice that of the backwash. It is suggested that the uprush is a more efficient transporter of sediment than the backwash, because the larger friction factor during the uprush causes larger bed shear stresses for a given free-stream velocity. This increased transport competency of the uprush is necessary for maintaining the beach, otherwise the comparable strength and greater duration of the backwash would progressively remove sediment from the beach. 相似文献
13.
In this paper,flume experiments are focused on sediment transport inside and outside the surf zone.According to the energy dissipation balance principle of sediment-laden flow and the similarity between energy dissipation of spilling breaking wave and hydraulic jump,formulas are proposed to predict time averaged suspended sediment concentration under both non-breaking and breaking waves.Assuming that the sediment diffusion coefficient,which is related with energy dissipation,is proportional to water depth,formulas are proposed to predict close-to-bed suspended sediment concentration and vertical distribution of suspended sediment under spilling breaking waves,and the prediction shows a good agreement with the measurement. 相似文献
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15.
A phase-resolving wave transformation module is combined with an intra-wave sediment transport module to calculate the on-/offshore sediment transport rates. The wave module is based on the Boussinesq equations extended into the surf zone. The vertical variation of the mean undertow and the intra-wave sediment concentrations are calculated. The net sediment transport rates are calculated, and the equation for conservation of sediment is solved to predict the beach profile evolution. The results of the present paper showed that the undertow contribution to the sediment transport rates is not dominating in all parts of the surf zone, even for eroding beaches, suggesting that other contributions should not be neglected. The present model also showed that for the same offshore wave energy the time series of the oscillatory motion is important and that the effect of wave groups cannot be disregarded. 相似文献
16.
Time-series of nearbed horizontal flow velocities and suspended sediment concentrations obtained from a colocated electromagnetic current meter (EMCM) and optical backscatter sensor (OBS), respectively, are used to examine the relative importance of steady and fluctuating components to the total sediment transport over a full tidal cycle on a macrotidal, intermediate beach (Spurn Head, UK). Fluctuating sediment fluxes are decomposed into gravity and infragravity contributions using co-spectral techniques. The relative importance of the oscillatory (gravity and infragravity) and steady (mean) transport components to the total sediment transport is analysed throughout the tidal cycle.
A continuum of 34 discrete suspended sediment-cross-shore velocity co-spectra are computed over a full tidal cycle for the OBS and EMCM measurements 0.10 m above the bed. These net transport spectra vary greatly both with cross-shore location and tidal state. In particular, a marked asymmetry in transport processes is evident between the flood and ebb tides, with high levels of sediment resuspension and transport occurring on the ebbing tide approximately two hours after high water (just seaward of the breakpoint). At this time the dominant transport was directed offshore (co-spectral peak, 0.04 kg/m2/s) at incident wave frequency.
Typical patterns are observed in transport spectra outside the surf zone and within the inner surf zone. Outside the narrow surf zone cross-shore transport spectra show weak offshore transport (co-spectral peak = 0.002 kg/m2/s) associated with bound long waves and stronger onshore transport (co-spectral peak = 0.006 kg/m2/s) at incident wave frequencies. Conversely, co-spectra computed within the inner surf zone show the offshore sediment fluxes (spectral peak = 0.010 kg/m2/s) at infragravity frequencies to be greater in magnitude than the corresponding onshore transport (co-spectral peak = 0.008 kg/m2/s) occurring at incident wave frequencies. 相似文献
17.
P.S. Pereira L.J. Calliari R. Holman K.T. Holland R.M.C. Guedes C.K. Amorin P.G. Cavalcanti 《Marine Geology》2011,279(1-4):210-221
Besides the different scales within which coastal processes manifest their energy, the majority of the world's coastal regions exhibit forms of sediment heterogeneity that are physically significant. One example of a heterogeneous environment is Cassino beach, located at the southernmost part of Brazil, a fine-grain-sized sandy beach where fluid mud sporadically is transported to the nearshore and eventually onto the beach. At this site in 2005, as part of a field experiment, a video system was installed. Three years after the installation, a large mud transgression event took place in February 2008 and had 5 km of extension. In this context, the goal of the present work is to characterize the mud deposition pattern across the surf zone, describing the consequences of mud on nearshore dynamics using remote sensing techniques, beach profiles and suspended matter concentration. The surveyed beach profiles registered the deposition of fluid mud at the inner surf zone with concentrations up to 12 mg/l. The material was deposited close to the shoreline and had a cross-shore width of 100 m during the first deposition day occupying the entire water column. From surf zone time series of pixel intensity, it was possible to detect the attenuation of the surface wave spectra due to the presence of fluid mud. The combination of video techniques and field data allowed one to follow the formation of a double-layer system, where fluid mud overlays the sandy bottom. The video-based system at Cassino demonstrated that remote detection of fluid mud and quantification of its effect on the nearshore dynamics is feasible. The combination of beach profiles, measurements of suspended matter concentration and intensity timestacks allowed the analysis of the short-term evolution of the mud depositional processes. 相似文献