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极端波浪条件下黏土质斜坡海床稳定性解析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海洋资源开发引起海底软黏土的结构性破坏,导致土体强度弱化,在百年一遇的极端波浪作用时极易发生斜坡海床的局部失稳甚至大范围海底滑坡,给海洋工程建设和正常运营带来严重影响。目前,主要采用极限平衡法评价这类海底斜坡,但该法只能给出近似解。基于极限分析上限方法,推导了极端波浪诱发的波压力对斜坡海床的做功功率,建立了外力功与内能耗散率平衡方程;利用最优化方法,结合数值积分和强度折减技术,求解了不同时刻的斜坡海床稳定性系数,并针对扰动后的斜坡海床开展了有限元解的对比验证。在此基础上,深入探讨了不同波浪参数(波长、波高和水深)和坡长小于一个波长等极端条件下的海底斜坡稳定性。 相似文献
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海王星海底长期观测系统的技术分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
美国和加拿大为建立全球最大海洋观测网而联合开展的海王星计划被誉为人类的水下“哈勃”。文中首先介绍了海王星计划的由来与背景,然后分析了其基础架构及实现的关键技术,并对我国海底观测技术的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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2003年11月,黄河水下三角洲2条海底电缆断裂,推测与该区域冲蚀沟较为发育有关。通过多波束测深、浅地层剖面探测、侧扫声呐调查等物探调查方法对埕岛海区开展地质调查,以揭示黄河三角洲地区海底滑坡诱发条件。研究发现:埕岛海区海底存在多条冲蚀沟,软弱土层较为发育,冲蚀沟地层扰动较为明显;通过波浪海流对海底土体的影响分析,判断不同水深和不同土体在浪潮流作用下海底冲蚀沟的发育程度,得出海底滑坡的诱发条件,结合人类活动和海底自然坡度等因素的影响,分析研究区仍然具有发生海底滑坡的可能性。 相似文献
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海洋灾害地质因素中,虽然海底滑坡发生频率不高、但造成的灾害损失往往会较严重,斜坡的稳定性受众多因素综合影响,且各因素对斜坡稳定性的影响程度存在差异,其敏感性分析一直是国内外研究的重要内容。本文以曹妃甸深槽海底斜坡为研究对象,分析了水下斜坡稳定性的影响因素。应用滑坡稳定性分析软件Geo-Slope对黏聚力、内摩擦角、重度、坡度等内在敏感因素以及地震动参数、附加荷载和波高这3个外在敏感因素进行了单因素敏感性分析,认为内在因素中内摩擦角最为敏感,外在因素中地震动参数的敏感度最高。通过对水下斜坡稳定性影响因素及其敏感性分析,可为海底滑坡的防治规划提供依据。 相似文献
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开展海底滑坡运动特性研究是深水陆坡区滑坡地质灾害认识与防治的基础,建立了基于非牛顿流体欧拉-欧拉两相流理论的小尺度海底滑坡数值模型。在与实验数据和BING程序结果对比验证的基础上,模拟分析海底滑坡的一般运动规律及特性,并同无水条件下的滑坡模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:环境水的存在可引发"滑水"现象,延长滑坡运动时间,增加运动距离,但端部最大峰值速度相对无水条件时较小;滑坡体物质组成、地形坡度、初始速度、初始厚度等因素,对最终的运动距离有较大的影响;滑坡体在运动过程中因扰动、混水而导致的屈服强度和粘滞系数的不断降低是海底滑坡长距离运动的主要原因。 相似文献
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The effects of variable speeds of a submarine block slide on near-field tsunami amplitudes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this study, the motion of a submarine block slide, with variable velocities, and its effects on the near-field tsunami amplitudes are investigated. The numerical results show that the amplitudes generated by the slide are almost the same as those created by its average velocity when
, where
is average velocity of the slide and
is the long period tsunami velocity in ocean of constant depth h. In contrast, the kinematic model of the slide must take into account time variations in the moving velocity, if
, especially when
. 相似文献
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Bioerosion by chemosynthetic biological communities on Holocene submarine slide scars 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and faunal observations of submarine slide scars that occur along the flanks of Monterey Canyon in 2.0–2.5 km water depths were made to identify the processes that continue to alter the surface of a submarine landslide scar after the initial slope failure. Deep-sea chemosynthetic biological communities and small caves are common on the sediment-free surfaces of the slide scars, especially along the headwall. The chemosynthetic organisms observed on slide scars in Monterey Canyon undergo a faunal succession based in part on their ability to maintain their access to the redox boundaries in the sediment on which they depend on as an energy source. By burrowing into the seafloor, these organisms are able to follow the retreating redox boundaries as geochemical re-equilibration occurs on the sole of the slide. As these organisms dig into the seafloor on the footwall, they often generate small caves and weaken the remaining seafloor. While chemosynthetic biological communities are typically used as indicators of fluid flow, these communities may be supported by methane and hydrogen sulfide that are diffusing out of the fresh seafloor exposed at the sole of the slide by the slope failure event. If so, these chemosynthetic biological communities may simply mark sites of recent seafloor exhumation, and are not reliable fluid seepage indicators. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new submarine landslide model based on the non-hydrostatic wave model NHWAVE of Ma et al. (2012). The landslide is modeled as a water–sediment mixture. The dense plume is driven by baroclinic pressure forcing introduced by spatial density variations. The model is validated using laboratory measurements of turbidity currents and of water wave generation by a granular landslide. The model is then utilized to study the dependence of landslide motion and associated tsunami wave generation on parameters including sediment settling velocity, initial depth of the landslide and slide density. Model results show that the slide motion and water waves which it generates are both sensitive to these parameters. The relative tsunamigenic response to rigid and deformable landslides of equal initial geometry and density is also examined. It is found that the wave energy is mostly concentrated on a narrow band of the dominant slide direction for the waves generated by rigid landslides, while directional spreading is more significant for waves generated by deformable landslides. The deformable landslide has larger speed and acceleration at the early stage of landslide, resulting in larger surface waves. The numerical results indicate that the model is capable of reasonably simulating tsunami wave generation by submarine landslides. 相似文献
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海缆安全影响因素评述 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
通过对国内外威胁海缆安全因素的研究资料和研究成果的分析，全面论述了影响海缆安全因素的种类及其对海缆的可能破坏方式和破坏的严重程度。简要说明了不同因素对海缆威胁的可能原因与相应的预防措施，为海缆安全运营提供科学的理论依据。 相似文献
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Submarine landslide and even its evolution to high-speed sliding masses can seriously threaten the safety of ocean engineering. Earthquakes are the most frequent trigger factors for landslides, and thus, seismic instability evaluation of submarine slopes has become a hot topic. However, the mechanism of submarine slope failures triggered by earthquakes is enormously complex. Although certain satisfactory results have been achieved in specific slopes, submarine landslides are still difficult to monitor and control, meaning that prevention-oriented research remains the mainstream. Regional slide predictive analyses of vast submarine slopes should be emphasized, but relevant research is notably rare. In this paper, a regional assessment methodology for submarine slope instabilities under seismic loads is proposed, and susceptibility mapping of landslides is established. First, considering the quasi-static bidirectional seismic action and the marine soil strength-weakening effect, an infinite slope sliding mode is used to establish the stability evaluation formula for a multiple soil-layer slope. Second, according to water depth data and GIS techniques, slope gradients are investigated, and the safety factors of submarine slopes located at specific stations are acquired. Furthermore, discrete stations are taken as sample points, and susceptibility mapping of submarine landslides is achieved using the inverse distance weighted and GIS techniques. Finally, regional seismic instability assessments of submarine slopes are conducted in the northeastern South China Sea, and various factors that influence submarine landslides are briefly discussed. This study offers an important basis for the development of marine resources and the risk assessments in ocean engineering. 相似文献
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Fan Yunlin Chang Dezhi Associate Professor Dept. of Ocean Eng. Tianjin University Engineer Construction Committee of Weihai City Shandong Province 《中国海洋工程》1991,(4)
The Wei- Liu water supplying submarine pipeline is at present the longest one of the kind in China. It is about 4 kilometers long from Weihai City to Liugong Island in Shandong province. It took only half a year to design and construct it. The project was of a high economic efficiency and some practical experiences were achieved. In this paper a general introduction to the design and construction of this pipeline is presented and such problems as the stability of the pipeline in very soft clay, design of curved slide for launching and estimation of dragging forces are expounded. 相似文献
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波致海底缓倾角无限坡滑动稳定性计算分析探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
波浪作用下海底无限坡滑动稳定性计算的极限平衡法中,忽略了坡体水平向应力状态的影响,为此,针对波浪作用下海底缓倾角无限边坡的特点,提出直接基于滑动面处土体应力状态的滑动稳定性计算方法(简称应力状态法),并分析了其适用范围。对具体算例的分析表明,应力状态法计算得出的安全系数大于极限平衡法的安全系数,且随着滑动面深度的增加、土体泊松比以及边坡坡角的增大,两种计算方法得出的安全系数的差异会逐渐增大;对于波浪作用下的海底缓倾角无限边坡,在失稳时极可能沿具有一定厚度的滑动带而不是单一的滑动面而滑动,且波致最大剪应力所在的深度,常常不是斜坡体最易失稳滑移的深度。 相似文献
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东沙海域是南海北部一个重要的天然气水合物成藏区, 其陆坡广泛发育滑塌构造。文章对采自东沙陆坡中部973-4柱样和下部平坦区973-5柱样开展了沉积学粒度、底栖有孔虫种属特征和稳定同位素等的综合分析。研究结果表明: 两个柱样中底栖有孔虫的δ13C在末次冰期均出现明显负偏现象, 同时δ18O增高, 指示该时期东沙海域存在持续的天然气水合物分解事件; 末次冰消期以来, δ13C负偏现象逐渐消失, δ18O值降低, 可能是由于海平面上升阻止了天然气水合物分解。973-4柱样仅在末次盛冰期对应层位440~600cm段存在明显的滑塌沉积, 且该层段对应的特征底栖有孔虫Uvigerina spp.和Bulimina spp.的数量突增, 推测该区的海底滑塌可能是由于末次盛冰期海平面大幅度下降引起天然气水合物大量分解诱发所致; 973-5柱样同样记录到了海底滑塌现象, 但其滑塌沉积晚于973-4柱样的滑塌时间, 且其规模较小。 相似文献
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深基坑支护设计的弹性抗力有限元法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用弹性抗力有限元方法讨论多支撑锚桩的深坑支护设计问题。该方法与传统的静力平衡法相比有其优越性,能够计算出不同开挖阶段的桩顶位移,桩身弯距随深度的变化,模拟开挖过程,最大限度地协调支护结构与土体的变形关系,并能确定出最小的桩身弯距设计值及各层锚杆的锚固力。并以实例运用该方法对青岛某基坑工程的支护进行了设计,取得了满意效果 相似文献