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1.
经野外取样和地球化学测试分析,即墨温泉喷流沉积物呈现元素的富集并形成Fe,Ba,Li,La,Ce,Sc等10种元素的正异常.喷流沉积物中的Fe/Ti,(Fe Mn)/Ti及Al/(Al Fe Mn)比值分别为22.63,22.76和0.36～0.39,具有高铁低铝的热水沉积地球化学标识特征,符合Bostrom K.的热水沉积的标识;越流沉积物呈现诸多元素的亏损与负异常;越流沉积的Fe/Ti,(Fe Mn)/Ti及Al/(Al Fe Mn)比值仅为5.91,5.97和0.65,不具备热水沉积标识特征;通道-喷口沉积物呈现元素的富集并形成La,Ce,Sc,Sr元素的正异常.通道-喷口沉积中的Fe/Ti,(Fe Mn)/Ti及Al/(Al Fe Mn)比值分别为17.14,17.26和0.42,与＞20,＞20±5,＜0.35比值比较,基本具备热水沉积特征,符合Bostrom K的热水沉积的标识.根据上述地球化学标识特征,结合温泉沉积的沉积学、矿物学标识,将即墨温泉沉积物划分为喷流相沉积、越流相沉积和通道-喷口亚相沉积并阐述其 "盆下源"沉积模式. 相似文献
2.
陆相断陷湖盆沉积物磁组构特征及环境意义--以泥河湾盆地为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
选取陆相湖盆泥河湾盆地的郝家台和东谷坨两剖面,共取样２８６块,研究喾物磁组构参数特征及其环境意义。结果表明,沉积物磁组构参数的变化与沉积物粒度参数、磁化率的变化密切相关,蕴含着环境变化的信息。磁化率各向异性度（Ｐ）、磁线理（Ｌ）、沉积物磁化率的高值和细粒物质含量的低值指示湖水平面下降,气候较为干燥;相反,则说明湖水平面上升,气候较为湿润。据此,将泥河湾盆地沉积过程中湖水平面的变化过程划分为２个大的 相似文献
3.
根据对山东半岛地热场特征、区域地质构造、岩浆活动与温泉分布关系的研究以及地热水化学特征的分析，认为温泉的形成与分布主要受断裂构造的控制。温泉的形成机理为深循环－地热增温，即大气降水或第四系潜水沿断裂带深循环，在正常地温梯度下吸收地球内热增温形成热水，再沿断裂破碎带上涌至地表而形成温泉。温泉水温取决于地下水循环深度，按笔者提出的经验公式推算，山东半岛１４处温泉水的最小循环深度界于１５０３～３０８４ｍ间。温泉水循环深度大致指示控泉断裂构造发育的最小深度 相似文献
4.
利用X射线衍射（XRD）技术对冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站700年以来的黏土矿物组成以及结晶学特征进行了研究和分析,并对该区的沉积特征、物质来源以及黏土矿物所记录的东亚季风的演化历史进行了探讨。研究发现冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站黏土矿物组合总体是以伊利石（59–77 %,平均含量69 %）和绿泥石（11–17 %,平均含量14 %）为主,而蒙脱石（5–23 %,平均含量12 %）和高岭石含量（2–6 %,平均含量4 %）则相对较低。通过黏土矿物研究对物源进行分析,发现冲绳海槽南部研究站位的黏土矿物中,蒙脱石主要是来自于长江或者东海大陆架的再沉积。伊利石,绿泥石以及高岭石主要来自于台湾河流,尤其是兰阳溪。蒙脱石/（伊利石+绿泥石）比值的大小可以用来指示东亚夏季风的强弱变化。1320 AD以来的黏土矿物组合的变化较好地记录了部分中世纪暖期后期、小冰期以及现代暖期3个时期在百年时间尺度上的气候波动。该指标显示,相对于中世纪暖期后期,东亚季风强度在小冰期（1405–1850 AD）和在现代暖期（1955 AD）均存在明显的减弱,指示该时期台湾东北部-冲绳海槽南部地区处于相对湿润强降雨的气候环境。 相似文献
5.
对漳州地区温泉的水文地质特征的研究表明,本区地下热水热流值高,呈NE 向狭长条带状展布,含较多的可溶性SiO_2、F~-和Rn。温泉出露与NW、NE 和E-W向断裂关系密切,且大部分来自燕山早期的花岗岩和花岗闪长岩体。根据温泉分布与构造的关系及水化学特征,将本区温泉出露分为四个区。对地震前后温泉的水化学组成和水位变化的若干实例的分析表明,温泉的水文地质特征具有较好的映震效应。因此,加强地下水观测,对本区的地震监测和预报具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
6.
粉砂是现代陆架和河口沉积物最主要的粒级组分,但由于其复杂的沉积动力学行为,我们对于不同粉砂粒级的沉积学特征和行为并没有完全掌握。本文分析了山东半岛近海表层沉积物中不同粉砂粒级组分含量的空间分布特征,探讨了其控制因素。结果表明,山东半岛周边近海沉积物类型以泥质沉积为主,但不同粉砂粒级组分具有明显的空间分布差异性。极细粉砂、细粉砂与黏土组分的含量变化一致,表明了其相似的沉积动力学行为。粗粉砂组分的含量空间变化最大,在山东半岛的北部泥质条带、东部“泥楔”和南部近岸具有明显的高含量,其含量与其他各粉砂组分具有明显的负相关性。从表层沉积物的粒度组分与分布规律,可以证明研究区表层沉积物主要以黄河携带物质为主,但流入本区的一些中小型河流也明显提供了部分物源,只是其提供物质的扩散范围有限。结合水动力分析和物理海洋学等方面的认识,我们认为造成不同粉砂组分空间分布差异性的原因主要受物源、区域水动力学条件、局部地形（底形）等因素控制。另外,还发现了山东半岛“泥楔”沉积物的粗粉砂组分含量偏高、现代沉积速率也偏大,这些现象在空间上与“海洋锋面”位置一致,对于海洋锋面的沉积学意义还需要进一步的调查研究和数值模拟工作。 相似文献
7.
Jesper Kresten Nielsen Yanan She Jan Kresten Nielsen Nils - Martin Hanken Sten- Andreas Grundvag 吴峧歧 《海洋地质》2008,24(3)
在东格陵兰盆地，晚二叠Ravnefjeld组（FoldvikCreek群）海相沉积物属Wuchiapingian期（Stemmerik等，2001），遍布整个东格陵兰盆地的Ravnefjeld组由三套生物扰动粉砂岩夹两套薄层状泥页岩组成（Piasecki和Stemmerik，1991）。这些富含有机质的薄层沉积是易于生油的烃源岩，其平均总有机碳含量为4wt％，HI值为300～400mg／g TOC，属于Ⅱ型于酪根（Christiansen等，1993）。黄铁矿莓球的含量表明这种薄层的沉积条件为含硫底水，生物扰动单元代表半氧化-氧化条件（Nielsen和Shen2004），氧化还原敏感元素也指示了沉积环境。 相似文献
8.
莱州湾E孔中更新世末期以来的地球化学特征 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
对1994年在莱州湾沿岸所取的E孔(37°07'N,118°55'E,孔深为821m)岩心进行了地球化学研究.用等离子光谱法测量了9个常量元素、15个微量元素和碳酸钙的含量.结果表明,(1)E孔大部分常量元素、微量元素含量、尤其元素特征比值(Mn/Fe,Sr/Ba,Sr/Ca,Ti/Al)在地层分界处都有明显变化,可作为该区第四纪地层划分的重要指标;(2)常量元素含量变化主要受宿主矿物控制,主要反映物质来源,同时也反映沉积作用和沉积环境,Fe,Al,Ca,Mg,Mn,Ti对物源和环境反映较为敏感;(3)微量元素在中更新世末期、最后间冰期、最后冰期和全新世四个不同沉积时期分布特征不同,尤其在气候“冷期”和“暖期”有不同分布规律;大多数微量元素含量变化旋回曲线之“波谷”对应着沙层沉积,有6个沙层代表“暖期”沉积,1个沙层代表“冷期”沉积;(4)E孔在冰期低海面时期风成粉砂沉积中碳酸钙含量偏高,间冰期时海侵沙层中碳酸钙的含量偏低,碳酸钙含量变化与粒度和沉积物类型有关,对气候、环境和地层划分有良好的指示. 相似文献
9.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(5)
用XRF和ICP-AES方法,分别测出中坝遗址地层中Rb、Sr和Ti含量,结果显示Ti元素在地层中含量的变化与对应地层中指示环境干湿的Rb/Sr值变化呈显著的正相关。对比泔井河流域含Ti矿物物源和化学蚀变指数(CIA),发现地层中Ti变化与流域元素迁移集聚无本质关联;而对应地层中的TOC含量与Ti含量有对应关系,同时有机物产生的有机酸可使含Ti矿物(如钛铁矿)发生离解过程,中坝遗址地层中Ti含量变化取决于沉积环境的Eh值和有机质的分解产物。通过与其他环境指标对比后,认为在准静水沉积地层中Ti元素对干湿环境变化具有普遍指示意义。 相似文献
10.
本文对冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站700年以来的黏土矿物组成及结晶学特征进行了研究和分析,并对该区的物质来源以及黏土矿物所记录的东亚季风的演化历史进行了探讨。研究发现冲绳海槽南部HOBAB4-S2站黏土矿物组合总体是以伊利石（59%~77%,平均含量69%）和绿泥石（11%~17%,平均含量14%）为主,蒙脱石（5%~23%,平均含量12%）和高岭石含量（2%~6%,平均含量4%）则相对较低。通过黏土矿物研究对物源进行分析,发现冲绳海槽南部研究站位的黏土矿物中,伊利石、绿泥石以及高岭石主要来自于台湾岛上的河流,尤其是兰阳溪,蒙脱石则主要是来自于长江和东海大陆架的悬浮再沉积。蒙脱石/（伊利石+绿泥石）比值可以用来大致反映长江和东海大陆架与台湾岛对研究区物质输入的相对贡献。其相对贡献量的变化很好地记录了小冰期（1405 A.D.—1850 A.D.）东亚夏季风的减弱和台湾岛东北部-冲绳海槽南部地区相对湿润的气候特征。而该比值所指示的现代暖期（1960 A.D.）夏季风强度的减弱则可能主要是受到人类活动的影响。 相似文献
11.
Spatial and temporal variations of sedimented organic matter in Xiaohai Lagoon, Hainan Island 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The characteristics of grain-size,total organic carbon(TOC) and total nitrogen(TN) contents,TOC/TN ratios,stable carbon isotope(δ13C) and 210 Pb dating were measured in six sediment cores from the Xiaohai Lagoon.The results show distinct spatial and temporal variations in sedimentation patterns.The sediments are dominated by clayey silt,sandy silt and by silty sand in the southern,middle lagoon and the northern lagoon,respectively.TOC and TN contents decline from south to north.Sedimentation rates,determined by 210 Pb dating,tend to decrease from south to middle.However,the determination of sedimentation rate in the north is difficult.These spatial variations are related to the variations in sediment sources and hydrodynamic conditions in the Xiaohai Lagoon.The variations of organic matter signatures can be divided into two stages in the cores from the southern and middle lagoon.Before 1988,the organic matter signatures are relatively stable.The contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources varies between 60% and 85%.After 1988,the organic matter signatures demonstrate significant variations.TOC and TN contents increase rapidly,TOC/TN ratios decrease,δ13C values shift to higher and the contribution of terrestrial organic carbon sources decreases to 40%-50%.The contributions of phytoplankton organic matter have increased in the sediment since 1988.Increasing aquaculture activities have had a significant impact on organic matter signatures since 1988.The sedimentation rates have increased rapidly in the southern and middle lagoon since 1988 due to the anthropogenic activities which include aquaculture,mining and deforestation.These activities have caused eutrophication and increased siltation in the southern and middle lagoon. 相似文献
12.
13.
Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A cuhure-dependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was pcrformed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilie thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55-90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1) , Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3) , Geobacillus stearothermophilus(Strain 4) , Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5) , and Pseudomonas pseudoal-caligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1. 8-3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8) , Sul-fobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophilcs, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene se-quence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodother-mus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community. 相似文献
14.
Microbes are believed to play important roles in ecosystem function in many environments. The hot springs of Xiamen Island are close to the Xiamen Sea, and may have some characteristics different from those of inland hot springs. Microbes living in the hot springs of Xiamen may have new characteristics. However, little is known about microbial communities of hot springs close to the Xiamen Sea. A culturedependent survey of microbial population in the Xiamen hot springs was performed by using an approach combining total cellular protein profile identification and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 328 isolates of bacteria were obtained from liquid and sediment samples from the Xiamen hot springs, including neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria and moderately thermophilic acidophiles. Neutrophilic thermophilic bacteria, which grow at a temperature range of 55—90℃ including Rhodothermus marinus (Strain 1), Thermus thermophilus (Strain 2), Thermus thiopara (Strain 3), Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Strain 4), Geobacillus thermoleovorans (Strain 5), and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Strain 6), were recovered by 2216E plates. Moderately thermophilic acidophiles, which can grow at temperatures above 50℃ and a pH range of 1.8—3.5 such as Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris (Strain 8), Sulfobacillus acidophilus (Strain 9), and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (Strain 10), were isolated on selective solid medium containing sulfur and Fe2+. Among these strains, Rhodothermus marinus, Thermus thermophilus and Geobacillus stearothermophilus are not only thermophiles, but also halophiles. One bacterium strain (Strain 6) shared 99% nucleotide sequence homology with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, but was quite different from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes in biological characteristics, suggesting that it may represent a novel thermophilic species. Results indicated that various species of neutrophilic thermophiles and moderately thermophilic acidophiles were widely distributed in the Xiamen hot springs and that Rhodothermus marinus and Thermus thermophilus dominated the cultivable microbial community. 相似文献
15.
Mapping the floor of the Sea of Galilee (Lake Kinneret) with a shallow seismic system of 3.5 kHz resulted in interesting data that were not obtained previously with standard single-channel seismic systems. Over most of the lake acoustic penetration is not possible, probably because of the high gas content in the top sedimentary sequence. However, in a few areas, excellent penetration of about 20 m was achieved. One area is a terrace in the southern part of the lake, south of a small bathymetric escarpment at depths of 13–21 m along Israel latitudinal Grid 238. It is unclear whether the existence of gas in the sediment or other parameters are responsible for the marked difference in acoustic penetration on both sides of the scarp.Another area with acoustic penetration is in the vicinity of hot and salty submarine springs. Although there is no difference in the composition of the upper sedimentary layers between these areas and neighbouring areas, there is a marked difference in the acoustic penetration. The contact between areas with acoustic penetration to areas without acoustic penetration is very sharp. The craters of the submarine springs are usually located on the borders of the areas with acoustic penetration or even at some distance away from them. It is possible that the activity of the hot and salty submarine springs controls the acoustic penetration. However, determination of the exact mechanism for the existence of the zones of acoustic penetration must await further studies of the sediments, especially for measurements of various parameters that control the seismic response of the rock.Another discovery made with the shallow seismic profiles is the existence of some bathymetric irregularities on the floor of the Sea of Galilee. In view of the high sedimentation rate in the lake, which tends to smooth the floor, a bathymetric irregularity such as a linear bathymetric step could be a surface expression of an active fault. 相似文献
16.
Sauveur Belviso Grard Thouzeau Sabine Schmidt Marit Reigstad Paul Wassmann Elena Arashkevich Jacqueline Stefels 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):473
In April 1997 and 1998 the significance of sedimentation as a sink for epipelagic dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) production and as a source for marine sediments was reassessed using a newly designed sediment trap. The behaviour of the traps in immersion was monitored continuously and the collection efficiency was evaluated with 234Th measurements. Net DMS(P) fluxes were corrected for some physical and biological losses during the whole sedimentation process providing reliable estimates of gross DMSP fluxes. It is shown that daily losses by sedimentation account for between 0.1% and 16% of seawater particulate DMSP (DMSPp) standing stocks, and between 3% and 75% of daily DMSPp production. In the Malangen fjord we observed temporal increases of DMSP production and standing stocks which resulted also in increases of DMSP vertical fluxes and DMS(P) concentrations at the sediment surface. This result illustrates how tight the coupling can be between pelagos and benthos, and confirms that DMS(P) concentration in the sediment was a reliable diagnostic indicator of vertical export from overlying waters in Malangen fjord. In Ullsfjord, however, DMS(P) concentrations in the sediment were poorly indicators of Phaeocystis pouchetii export during the early stage of growth of a bloom. The high load of DMS(P) in Balsfjord's sediments could neither be attributed to local vertical sedimentation nor to short-term lateral advection of fresh DMSP-containing phytoplanktonic material, and provides indication that this tracer sometimes also can be misleading. The highest loads of DMS(P) in sediments and the fastest rates of sedimentation occurred in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. 相似文献
17.
Polymetallic nodule and sediment characteristics were investigated for two blocks (KR2 and KR5) in the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area in order to better understand nodule distribution and the potential effects of sediments on nodule genesis. The northern block (KR2) is dominated by hydrogenetic nodules, whereas the southern block (KR5) is dominated by diagenetic nodules. Sediments in the study area are assigned to three major lithologic units which are distinctive in color and texture. The northern block is characterized by a thick, metalpoor Unit 1 sediment, which is thin in the southern block, where metal-rich Units 2b and 3 occur close to the surface. The distribution of different nodule genetic types in the northern and southern blocks can be attributed to topographic variations (topographic high near seamounts in KR2 and abyssal plain in KR5) and different sedimentation rates (0.1 and 0.32 mm/kyr in blocks KR2 and KR5, respectively). The southern block has a geologic setting more conducive to diagenetic nodule formation, such as flat topography and sediment composition. Nodule distribution in the studied blocks might also be explained by the distribution of the sediment units of different metal contents. The northern block, in which Unit 1 is thicker, has more abundant hydrogenetic nodules, possibly because Unit 1 prevents metals that are remobilized from the underlying sediments from reaching the seabed where the nodules are forming. 相似文献
18.
山东半岛地质环境与温泉分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以野外实际资料为基础，运用板块构造原理探讨山东半岛区域地质环境与温泉分布的关系．提出山东半岛为板内相对稳定的隆起区，在全球板块构造背景下主要发育ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ和ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂．地热场为板内中低温地热带的一部分，地表无异常水热活动．出露的温泉属于非火山型，并严格受断裂构造控制，主要分布在ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ与ＮＷ、ＮＮＷ向断裂交汇形成的构造破碎带． 相似文献
19.
珠江口河流输沙、河口沉积与粒度信息之间的联系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河口三角洲地区泥沙供应充分，是现代沉积速率较高的区域。快速沉积的泥沙包含高分辨率的环境信息。采用放射性同位素测年方法研究了珠江口伶仃洋大铲湾海域6个柱样的现代沉积速率，以2mm的间隔分析了其中2个柱样上部的粒度，并对其平均粒径和珠江流域的年输沙量进行了快速傅里叶变换，以期获取河流泥沙供应、河口沉积速率和沉积物垂向粒度变化的对应关系。结果表明，大铲湾海域的沉积速率为1～3cm／a，受动力条件和泥沙供应条件的影响显著。2个柱样的平均粒径的最显著重现周期与珠江年输沙量的周期性有较好的对应关系，并可能反映了季节的、年的和多年的沉积速率信息。对于每年沉积厚度在厘米级的环境，以毫米级的高分辨率进行粒度分析，有可能揭示出沉积物供应的季节变化和年际变化。本研究亦可为其他河口的相关工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
20.
胶东温泉地质、地热背景及其控泉构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
胶东地区众多温泉与本区大地构造背景、区域地质特征、新构造运动的历史、特殊的地貌条件及相对高的地热背景值密切相关。而不同时代和性质的断裂构造控制着局部地热场的分布,成为温泉出露的控泉构造。 相似文献