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1.
寡毛双眉虫无性生殖期间的皮膜演化和细胞发生学   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
宋微波 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(5):535-541
于1991年6月在青岛海区采集到一腹毛目纤毛虫,寡毛双眉虫。应用蛋白银技术研究了其无性生殖期间的细胞发生学,其特征为:1)AZM原基独立地出现于远离模棘毛的前方而非紧靠老的横棘毛附近;2)口棘毛并非来自第一FVT原基(在后仔虫),而是由UM原基分化而来;3)老的AZM将发生后半群的局部重建而非整个地由前仔虫简单继承。  相似文献   

2.
敏捷瘦体虫(UrosomoidaagiliformisFOISSNER,1982)为小型腹毛目纤毛虫。利用银染法对该种二分裂期间的形态发生学进行初步研究,指出该虫形态发生的主要过程为:1.伴随大核改组带的出现,口原基发生于老口围带的下方,后演化为后仔虫的口围带。在前仔虫,老口围带及口侧膜完全保留并被继承;2.体棘毛场首先出现后一组棘毛原基,后形成前棘毛场,随后各自独立演化成前后仔虫的8:3/4:2/3模式的额-腹-横棘毛;3.在背触毛中,分别于前、后仔虫的中部产生前、后3列新原基,每列原基向其两端伸展替代老背触毛列,成为前、后仔虫相应的3列新触毛;接着,在右缘棘毛原基右前端发生前、后第4列背触毛。  相似文献   

3.
利用改进的蛋白银染色法,研究了宽四虫(Steiiniasp.)的形态及其无性生殖周期中核器和纤毛器的发育演化过程。其发生过程为:1.大核改组带出现后,口原基出现在老口围带后方之腹棘毛左侧,其内的毛基体组装成整齐排列的小膜,构成新AZM,老AZM后部也发生部分更新的现象。2.颇腹根棘毛原基各5列,分别以3:3。3:4:3方式分化成前、后仔虫的额、腹、横棘毛。3.在第1-3列背触毛中,分别于前、后仔虫的中部范围产生第1—3列新原基,每列原基向两端伸展替代老背触毛列,成为前、后仔虫相应的第一列新背触毛。4.在前后第3列背触毛原基后端发生前、后第4列原基,它稍偏向第3列原基的右侧,向前伸展成第4列背触毛;在虫体腹面,前、后右缘棘毛原基的前方出现第5、6列背触毛原基,后发育为第5、6列背触毛,在虫体演化过程中转位到背面。  相似文献   

4.
The cortical development and macronuclear evolution of the marine hypotrichous ciliate Anteholosticha manca, collected from the coastal waters near Qingdao, China, were investigated using the protargol impregnation method. The morphogenesis of A. manca is generally typical for the genus, and can be characterized as the following features : ( 1 ) in the proter, a new oral primordium is formed on the bottom (beneath the pellicle) of the buccal cavity, disorganization of the parental undulating membranes do not contribute to the formation of this primordium ; (2) FVT-cirral anlagen in both dividers develop independently, and very likely only a few midventral cirri join in the formation of these primordia; ( 3 ) both marginal row and dorsal kinety anlagen develop intrakinetally within the parental structure; (4) at the middle stage, macronuclear segments fuse together to form a single mass as observed in most of its related forms.  相似文献   

5.
长链烯酮及U37k值在北极海洋古温度的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
在北极楚科奇海和白令海表层沉积物中检出长链烯酮化合物,研究结果表明楚科奇海和白令海沉积物中长链烯酮以C37:3甲基酮占优势,C37~C39不饱和烯酮丰度变化顺序为C37>C38>C39.根据∑C37/∑C38比值,所检出的长链烯酮母质生物主要是颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi).应用U37k和U37k'标准校正关系式估算了表层海水古温度,其中U37k'估算值为4.147~5.706℃(平均为5.092℃).  相似文献   

6.
TheconcentrationoftotaldissolvedCO_2insurfacewaterinENSOevent──TheresultsofinvestigationduringTOGAexpeditions¥MaLiming;ZhangB?..  相似文献   

7.
通过对长江口外海域187个表层沉积物样品进行常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO,TOC和 CaCO3)测试,分析其空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果显示,研究区表层沉积物常量元素氧化物主要由SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O和TiO2等组成,这8种组分约占沉积物总量的91.59%;其中SiO2和Al2O3含量最高,平均值分别为62.43%和11.16%。R型因子分析结果表明,研究区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3类:第1类包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,P2O5,TiO2和MnO;第2类包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3类包括Na2O,这3类可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物和陆源混合沉积以及海洋化学沉积。Al2O3/Na2O和CIA的空间分布较为相似,指示了长江入海物质主要堆积在长江口及其以南的123.5°E以西海域,闽浙冬季沿岸流是其主要驱动力。  相似文献   

8.
Pore water chemistry (total dissolved CO2, NH4, NO3, NO2, PO4, Si(OH)4, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, SO4, H2S and F, and titration alkalinity), solid phase chemistry (Corg, Porg, CTOT, NTOT, F, SiOPAL and SII), and sediment characteristics (porosity, dry bulk density and formation factors) were determined on a centimeter-scale spacing in the upper 20–40 cm of sediments under intense upwelling areas on the Peru continental shelf. These data demonstrate that carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) is precipitating from pore waters in the upper few centimeters of a gelatinous mud with high organic carbon content (up to 20% Corg), very high porosity ( > 0.96 ml cm−3) and very low dry bulk density (< 0.1 g cm−3). Dissolved phosphate concentrations at the sediment-water interface range from 20 to 100 μM, orders of magnitude higher than bottom-water concentrations, and much higher than predicted from regeneration of organic matter. The mechanism of this interfacial phosphate release is unclear, but is apparently uncoupled from carbon and nitrogen metabolism and thus may be linked either to dissolution of fish debris or to the presence of a microbial mat in surficial sediments. Fluoride is incorporated into CFA by diffusion from the overlying seawater, and carbonate ions are provided from pore-water alkalinity. Magnesium concentrations in this reaction zone are not significantly different from those of seawater, suggesting that magnesium depletion is not a necessary prerequisite for CFA precipitation.

The environment of precipitation is interface-linked rather than driven by organic diagenesis of phosphorus deeper in the sediment. Most of the cores display a wide range of diagenetic characteristics below the immediate interfacial region, but almost all show the precipitation signature near the interface. This interface-linked early diagenetic porewater environment for the precipitation of CFA explains many of the geochemical characteristics of phosphorites and provides a “testable” model to compare the modern phosphogenic analog with ancient phosphorite deposits. Two of the cores display very high solid phase phosphorus and fluoride contents reflecting the presence of apparently modern pelletal apatites.  相似文献   


9.
对Na4P2O7加入不同灰化助剂经不同温度(200~550℃)灼烧后磷的回收率进行了研究.所研究的灰化助剂除文献中已深入研究过的MgSO4和Mg(NO3)2外,还对MgCl2等10余种盐试剂进行了实验.结果表明,除Mg(NO3)2外,MgCl2,MgAc2,CaCl2,Ca(NO3)2等均能使Na4P2O7灰化后的磷完全回收(灼烧温度不低于450℃),而加入MgSO4在任何灼烧温度下磷的回收率均低于80%,效果不佳.因此,在利用目前已被广泛应用的由Solrzno和sharp所提出的方法去分析海水中颗粒磷和总磷或有机体中的磷时,应当用MgCl2(或MgAc2)作为灰化助剂来取代MgSO4.  相似文献   

10.
The 3rd Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHINARE–Arctic III) was carried out from July to September in 2008. The partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) in the atmosphere and in surface seawater were determined in the Bering Sea during July 11–27, 2008, and a large number of seawater samples were taken for total alkalinity(TA) and total dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC) analysis. The distributions of CO2 parameters in the Bering Sea and their controlling factors were discussed. The pCO2 values in surface seawater presented a drastic variation from 148 to 563 μatm(1 μatm = 1.013 25×10-1 Pa). The lowest pCO2 values were observed near the Bering Sea shelf break while the highest pCO2 existed at the western Bering Strait. The Bering Sea generally acts as a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in summer. The air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Bering Sea shelf, slope, and basin were estimated at-9.4,-16.3, and-5.1 mmol/(m2·d), respectively. The annual uptake of CO2 was about 34 Tg C in the Bering Sea.  相似文献   

11.
利用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对8种海洋硅藻的四种主要光合膜膜脂的分子结构和组成进行了定性定量分析。结果表明,海洋硅藻中MGDG含量最高,占四种光合膜膜脂的40%~70%左右,SQDG其次占10%~40%,而PG在4%~20%之间,DGDG占5%~20%;其中,各脂类分子的含量在0.14~99.79 nmol/mg干藻之间,而C16:3/C16:3-MGDG,C20:5/C16:3-MGDG,C20:5/C16:2-DGDG,C20:5/C16:1-DGDG,C16:1/C16:1-DGDG,C14:0/C14:0-SQDG,C14:0/C16:0-SQDG,C14:0/16:1-SQDG,C14:0/C16:3-SQDG和C18:1/C18:1-PG等脂类分子在8种海洋硅藻的每一类膜脂中均有分布;与高等植物膜脂的脂肪酰基分布不同的是,海洋硅藻的MGDG与DGDG的sn-2位上的脂肪酸全部为C16酸,可推断是通过类似高等植物典型的原核途径合成,而C16酸和C18酸在SQDG和PG的sn-2位上均有分布,可推断SQDG和PG存在原核和真核两种合成途径。  相似文献   

12.
利用2006年夏季长江口调查数据分析了长江口海域硝酸盐(NO3-)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-)、铵盐(NH4+)大面分布,NO3-浓度呈近岸高、外海低的特征,NO2-和NH4+浓度在上海市排污口位置有高值区并向外扩散。NO3-,NH4+浓度总体上符合咸淡水混合之稀释效应,与盐度的相关系数(r2)分别为0.815,0.255,呈保守行为,而NO2-浓度与盐度的相关性系数为0.074,呈非保守行为。在确定了淡水端元和咸水端元的基础上,做出理论稀释曲线TDL(theoretical dilution line),由于上海市污染物的输入,淡水端元NO3-,NO2-,NH4+浓度不同程度地正偏于TDL,在外海深层水范围内有机颗粒矿化再生亦呈加入态势。对应高溶解氧的盐度羽状峰处,由于真光层初级生产较强,表层NO3-浓度负偏于TDL约1~19μmol/dm3,NO2-,NH4+浓度也存在不同程度的减小。在长江口最大浑浊带附近,由于高浓度悬浮物吸附NH4+而呈现明显的迁出机制。外海表层海水三氮营养盐浓度数据点偏离TDL程度较小,但在底层由于来自上层的有机颗粒耗氧分解而再生出营养盐,使NO3-,NO2-,NH4+浓度数据一般在TDL之上。  相似文献   

13.
基于2012年7月对东海的调查,剖析了其水体中各形态碳(pCO2、DIC、DOC、POC)的区域分布特征,估算了海-气界面CO2的交换通量(FCO2),探讨了影响其交换的主要因素,在此基础上,结合历史资料初步分析了近十几年来该海域海-气界面CO2交换通量的变化趋势。结果表明,2012年7月长江口邻近海域相对南部陆架区具有较低的DIC浓度,而DOC与POC的浓度相对较高。调查区域表层水pCO2变化范围为96.28~577.7μatm(1atm为101 325Pa),平均值为297.6μatm,低值区出现在长江冲淡水区(30°~33°N,123°~125°E),高值区主要分布在东海陆架的南部区域。表层水pCO2主要受控于长江冲淡水的输入和混合(盐度)、台湾暖流以及生物生产等。调查海域2012年7月海-气FCO2平均为(-6.410±7.486)mmol/(m2·d),表现东海在夏季是大气CO2的汇区,区域碳汇强度由强到弱依次为:长江冲淡水区(CDW)、黄东海混合水区(YEMW)、陆架咸淡水混合区(SMW)、近岸上升流区(CUW)和台湾暖流区(TWCW),东海夏季每日吸收大气CO2(以C计)约(18.3±19.8)kt。结合历史资料分析发现,近十几年来东海夏季碳汇强度有增强趋势,CDW区的海-气界面CO2通量平均年增速为-0.814mmol/(m2·d),即海水吸收大气二氧化碳每年增加约54.6kt,是夏季东海碳汇增加的最主要贡献者。  相似文献   

14.
Utilizing Si, Fe and Mn concentrations within the end-member PACMANUS hydrothermal fluid, Si-Fe-MnH_2 O Pourbaix diagrams were constructed at 300°C and 25°C. The Pourbaix diagrams show that the main Si, Fe and Mn oxides species precipitating from the hydrothermal fluid were Si O_2, Fe(OH)_3, Fe_3(OH)_8, Mn_3O_4, and Mn_2O_3 at 25°C. During mixing of hydrothermal fluid with seawater, Si O_2 precipitated earlier than FeMn-oxyhydroxides because of the lower stability boundary. Then Fe(OH)_2 precipitated first, followed by Fe_3(OH)_8 and Fe(OH)_3, and last, small amounts of Mn_3O_4 and Mn_2O_3 precipitated. Fe(OH)_3 was readily deposited in alkaline solution with little influence by Eh. There were many Si-Fe-Mn-concentric particles in the polished sections of the massive precipitates collected from PACMANUS. In the concentric nucleus and ellipsoid, Si oxides precipitated first before the hydrothermal fluid had mixed with seawater. In the concentric nucleus, after the precipitation of Si oxides, the increase of p H and Eh promoted the precipitation of Mn oxides around the Si oxides. In the large ellipsoid, the precipitation of Fe was divided into two periods. In the early period, increase of p H value of hydrothermal fluid produced by low-temperature convection and an input of a small volume of seawater promoted a small amount of Fe(OH)_3 to precipitate in the Si-rich core. In the late period, after complete mixing with seawater and the resultant fluid was close to neutral or slightly alkaline in p H, Fe(OH)_3 was easily precipitated from the solution and distributed around the Si-rich core.  相似文献   

15.
企鹅珍珠贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用室内实验生态学方法对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为企鹅珍珠贝养殖容量(carrying capacity for aquaculture)的调查及育珠生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。研究结果表明,在实验温度(13~33℃)范围内,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可分别表示为Y1=a1W-b1和Y2=a2W-b2,其中,a1的取值范围是1.330~4.128,b1的取值范围是0.453~0.651,a2的取值范围是0.150~0.354,b2的取值范围是0.446~0.634。在实验室温度(13~33℃)条件下,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率为0.329~7.303 mg/(g·h),排氨率为0.035~0.489 mg/(g·h),其中耗氧率在28℃时达到最高值,33℃时开始下降,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势。企鹅珍珠贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.210~2.494和1.193~2.483。在23~28℃温度范围内,不同规格企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O/N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。企鹅珍珠贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高32.1%和76.7%。  相似文献   

16.
2013年5月、8月和11月调查了象山港大黄鱼网箱养殖区及附近沉积物中总有机氮(TON)、总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP)含量,并采用实验室模拟法研究了底泥耗氧率(SOCs)和沉积物-水界面营养盐(NH+4、NO-2+NO-3和PO3-4)通量。结果表明:养殖区(YZ)沉积物中的TON和TP含量显著高于距离养殖区50 m(F1)和100 m(F2)的区域(P<0.05)。底泥释放NH+4到上覆水中,但是从上覆水中吸收NO-2+NO-3和PO3-4。沉积物-水界面营养盐通量表现出明显的季节性变化,在8月,NH+4及PO3-4的释放量达到最大值。上覆水中NH+4、NO-2+NO-3和PO3-4的质量浓度随着沉积物-水界面营养盐通量的变化而变化。研究表明,象山港大黄鱼养殖活动对养殖区底泥造成了一定污染,且通过影响沉积物-水界面营养盐通量影响上覆水中营养盐分布,最终给整个养殖系统造成生态负担。  相似文献   

17.
利用海南中东部近海海域高频地波雷达观测得到的2019年4月—2020年3月表层海流资料进行潮流调和分析和余流分析。结果表明: 海南中东部近海海域以不规则半日潮流为主, 半日分潮M2和S2以往复流为主, 全日分潮O1、K1以顺时针旋转流为主, M2、S2、O1、K1分潮最大潮流流速的比为1 : 0.51 : 0.60 : 0.65, M2为最主要分潮。最大可能潮流流速分布从西南方向向东北方向逐步增大, 最大值为35cm·s-1。余流受东亚季风影响较大, 季节变化特征显著, 呈夏季形态(6月—8月)、冬季形态(9月—次年2月)和过渡形态(3月—5月)。夏季形态流向东北, 平均流速29cm·s-1; 冬季形态持续时间最长, 流向西南, 平均流速36cm·s-1, 大于夏季形态; 过渡形态为冬季形态向夏季形态的转变期, 流向分布较复杂, 平均流速13cm·s-1, 明显小于夏季和冬季形态。从全年来看, 西南向流动的时间最长、流速最大, 海南中东部表层海水物质输运自东北向西南。  相似文献   

18.
南海北部春季非水华期的CO_2分压及其调控   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
翟惟东 《海洋学报》2015,37(6):31-40
针对南海北部和吕宋海峡附近海域的海-气CO2通量及其调控问题,研究了2009年3月底至4月中旬在这些海域通过走航观测的方法取得的海-气CO2分压和海表温度、盐度等相关数据。结果表明,在河口、沿岸流以外的南海北部开阔海域,与大气平衡的CO2分压分布在368~380μatm,南低北高,平均值为371μatm;而海表CO2分压分布在293~405μatm,南高北低。南海北部开阔海域的海表CO2分压主要受温度效应调控,也在一定程度上受水团混合、海-气交换、生物活动等非温度效应的影响。在相同水温条件下,黑潮区的海表CO2分压比南海北部的海表CO2分压低。本研究和大多数前人研究的结果都表明,南海北部海盆区域和吕宋海峡西侧海域在春季与大气CO2接近源汇平衡,而非大气CO2的显著源区。  相似文献   

19.
海表二氧化碳分压(pCO2)是指海洋表层水和大气之间的二氧化碳(CO2)交换处于动态平衡时CO2的含量, 是描述海-气CO2交换的一个主要因子。本文利用2008—2014年覆盖南海大部分海域的海表pCO2观测资料, 结合现场海表温度和海表盐度以及卫星观测的叶绿素a数据, 构建了基于多元线性回归方法的分区域反演模型。模型在水深浅于30m的区域均方根误差为5.3μatm, 其余海区均方根误差为10.8μatm, 与前人基于个别航次的有限区域反演结果的均方根误差相当。利用该模型公式和HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)再分析海表温、盐数据及MODIS-Aqua卫星观测的叶绿素a数据进行反演, 得到了时空分辨率为5'×5'的2004—2016年的逐月南海海表pCO2数据。该数据能较好地反映南海海表pCO2在海表温度影响下, 春夏高、秋冬低的季节变化特征, 与前人基于航次观测的研究结果相似, 表明反演模型具有较高的可信度。进一步分析发现, 南海及邻近海域平均海表pCO2具有显著的准十年振荡特征: 2012年附近出现了极小值, 之前表现为降低的趋势, 之后略有升高的趋势。受海表pCO2的影响, 南海海盆平均海-气CO2通量在2012年之前出现了显著降低的趋势, 表明南海释放到大气中的CO2减少, 并在2007年之后的冬季出现了负值(从碳源变为碳汇), 2012年之后变化较为平缓。热带太平洋年代际振荡引起的南海区域海表盐度变化是造成海表pCO2及海-气CO2通量准十年变化的主要原因。分区分析的结果表明, 南海北部海表pCO2变化最为显著, 在南海海表pCO2的季节和准十年变化中都起到非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

20.
In the present study, we report N_2 fixation rate(~(15)N isotope tracer assay) and the diazotroph community structure(using the molecular method) in the western tropical North Pacific Ocean(WTNP)(13°–20°N, 120°–160°E). Our independent evidence on the basis of both in situ N_2 fixation activity and diazotroph community structure showed the dominance of unicellular N_2 fixation over majority of the WTNP surface waters during the sampling periods.Moreover, a shift in the diazotrophic composition from unicellular cyanobacteria group B-dominated to Trichodesmium spp.-dominated toward the western boundary current(Kuroshio) was also observed in 2013. We hypothesize that nutrient availability may have played a major role in regulating the biogeography of N_2 fixation.In surface waters, volumetric N_2 fixation rate(calculated by nitrogen) ranged between 0.6 and 2.6 nmol/(L·d) and averaged(1.2±0.5) nmol/(L·d), with 10 μm size fraction contributed predominantly(88%±6%) to the total rate between 135°E and 160°E. Depth-integrated N_2 fixation rate over the upper 200 m ranged between 150 μmol/(m~2·d)and 480 μmol/(m~2·d)(average(225±105) μmol/(m~2·d). N_2 fixation can account for 6.2%±3.7% of the depthintegrated primary production, suggesting that N_2 fixation is a significant N source sustaining new and export production in the WTNP. The role of N_2 fixation in biogeochemical cycling in this climate change-vulnerable region calls for further investigations.  相似文献   

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