春季长江口及其邻近海域海水和大气中CH₃I、CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃的浓度分布与海-气通量     

綦倩倩  何真  杨桂朋  汪浩 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(6):59-69

测定了2018年春季长江口及其邻近海域海水和大气中碘甲烷(Iodomethane,CH₃I)、二溴甲烷(Dibromomethane,CH₂Br₂)和溴仿(Tribromomethane,CHBr₃)的浓度,研究其在海水和大气中的浓度分布特征,探讨了环境因素对其源汇和浓度分布的影响。调查海域海水中CH₃I、CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃的浓度分别为(5.76±2.50)、(5.38±3.31)和(4.65±3.50)pmol·L^-1,总体呈现出近岸高,远岸低的趋势。调查海域CH₃I的浓度分布受浮游植物的影响显著;CH₂Br₂的分布是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中人为输入是影响CH₂Br₂浓度分布的重要因素之一;CHBr₃的浓度分布受人为输入和浮游植物产生释放的共同影响。垂直方向上,海水上下混合比较均匀,受长江冲淡水和沉积物释放的影响,CH₃I、CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃在表层和底层都观测到浓度高值。大气中CH₃I、CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃浓度分别是(1.06±0.77)、(1.72±1.22)和(1.97±2.12)pptv,总体上呈现近岸高于远岸的趋势,人为排放、海-气交换和气团活动共同影响了大气中挥发性卤代烃(Volatile halocarbons,VHCs)的浓度分布,大气中的CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃存在多种来源,不同来源之间CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃排放比率存在较大差异。CH₃I、CH₂Br₂和CHBr₃的海-气通量分别为(50.21±45.47)、(-1.76±77.43)和(-37.65±87.07)nmol·(m²·d)^-1,表明调查期间长江口及其邻近海域是CH₃I的源,同时也是CHBr₃和CH₂Br₂的汇。  相似文献   

光照和硝酸盐浓度对东海原甲藻和三角褐指藻释放挥发性卤代烃的影响     

倪洁  刘珊珊  陈妍  杨桂朋  何真 《海洋学报》2020,42(12):119-128

海洋中产生的挥发性卤代烃(Volatile Halocarbons，VHCs)是氯、溴和碘进入大气的重要载体。海洋藻类能够产生损耗大气中臭氧的VHCs，尤其是海洋微藻已被证明是大气中一些VHCs的主要贡献者。环境因素对海洋微藻产生VHCs的影响研究较少，本文主要研究了光照和硝酸盐浓度对微藻释放VHCs的影响。将海洋微藻东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)置于密封的玻璃容器中，并在不同光照条件(20 μmol/(m2·s)、70 μmol/(m2·s)和140 μmol/(m2·s))及不同硝酸盐浓度(1 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和50 mg/L)下进行无菌单种培养，分析碘甲烷(CH₃I)、二溴甲烷(CH₂Br₂)、一氯二溴甲烷(CHBr₂Cl)和三氯乙烯(C₂HCl₃)4种VHCs的生产。采用吹扫?捕集气相色谱技术对其中的VHCs进行提取和分析。结果表明，光照强度和硝酸盐浓度会影响两种微藻对VHCs的释放，但是对不同VHCs的影响效果不同，其中CH₃I的释放受光照强度和硝酸盐浓度变化的影响比较显著。一定范围内，光照强度越大，两种微藻对CH₃I的释放量越大。适当的硝酸盐浓度(> 5 mg/L)在一定程度上促进了两种微藻对CH₃I的释放。  相似文献   

西太平洋海域现场培养实验中挥发性卤代烃浓度的变化及其影响因素     

韩钰  何真  刘珊珊  高旭旭  杨桂朋 《海洋学报》2020,42(2):1-9

CH₃I、CHCl₃、C₂HCl₃和CH₂Br₂是挥发性卤代烃4种重要成分，对大气化学产生重要影响。于2018年10月在西太平洋进行船基现场培养实验，研究微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)、酸化(pH=7.9)、酸化(pH=7.9)和微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)耦合作用、微量元素Fe (50 nmol/L)和N/P (16∶1)耦合作用及沙尘(4 mg/L)对浮游植物释放CH₃I、CHCl₃、C₂HCl₃和CH₂Br₂含量的影响。结果表明，与对照组相比，实验组CH₃I、C₂HCl₃和CH₂Br₂的释放均被不同程度抑制；CHCl₃的释放除添加沙尘时表现抑制作用外，其他条件下均为促进作用；实验组培养周期内叶绿素a浓度较高，而营养盐浓度变化规律不明显。总的来说，酸化和微量元素Fe可能是影响浮游植物释放挥发性卤代烃的重要限制因素，沙尘对促进浮游植物生长繁殖的影响更为显著。  相似文献   

海洋中生源活性气体的来源与迁移转化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨桂朋  张洪海 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):14-21

海洋生源活性气体主要包括二甲基硫（DMS）、甲烷（CH₄）、氧化亚氮（N₂O）、一氧化碳（CO）、挥发性卤代烃（VHCs）和非甲烷烃（NMHCs）等。它们通过海-气交换进入大气，不仅在全球碳、氮和硫循环中发挥关键作用，而且会直接或间接地对环境和气候变化产生重要影响。海洋释放的活性气体一类属于温室效应气体（CH₄、N₂O、VHCs和CO等），另一类会在大气中发生化学反应，控制着大气氧化平衡和臭氧浓度（VHCs和NMHCs）。而DMS属于负温室效应气体，其在大气中被快速氧化形成硫酸盐气溶胶，进而对云的形成和辐射强迫产生重要影响。本文综述了国内外海洋生源活性气体的研究现状，着重介绍了DMS、CH₄和N₂O的来源、迁移转化、海-气通量及其影响机制，并指明了该领域存在的科学问题及今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

夏季北黄海和渤海海水中几种挥发性卤代烃的分布和通量研究     

张苗苗  陆小兰  杨桂朋 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(3):62-69

本文以渤海和北黄海为研究海域,于2011年6月对其海水中4种常见的挥发性卤代烃(VHCs)的浓度分布和海-气通量进行了研究。结果表明:渤海表层海水中CHBrCl2、CH3CCl3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的浓度分别为5.33(0.66～12.65)、17.51(0.28～69.52)、12.33(3.44～34.91)和5.20(2.12～8.88)pmol.L-1,北黄海表层海水中4种VHCs的浓度分别为5.19(0.50～56.74)、11.12(2.73～22.32)、17.22(0.57～34.10)和7.90(2.59～26.82)pmol.L-1。由于生物生产、人为输入、陆地径流等因素的共同作用,VHCs的浓度在水平方向上呈现出近岸高、远海低的分布特征。在垂直方向上,VHCs在表层和底层浓度较高,中层浓度较低。周日变化研究表明,由于受到阴雨天天气变化的影响,VHCs在傍晚和深夜浓度较大,中午浓度较低。采用Liss和Salter双层模型,估算了CHBrCl2、C2HCl3和C2Cl43种VHCs的海-气通量,在渤海其通量分别为35.06(0.90～108.72)、68.10(1.87～223.43)、26.15(0.25～110.76)nmol.m-2.d-1,在北黄海分别为34.50(-0.10～317.95)、36.70(0.06～162.3)、19.92(0.22～117.92)nmol.m-2.d-1,结果表明该海域在调查期间是大气CHBrCl2、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的源。  相似文献   

2009年8月底长江口海水中甲烷的分布与释放通量     

赵玉川  张桂玲  刘素美 《海洋科学》2011,35(11):81-89

于2009年8月27日至9月2日对长江口海域进行了大面调查, 采集了表层和底层海水样品, 对溶解甲烷（CH4）浓度进行了测定。结果表明, 夏季长江口海域表、底层溶解甲烷的浓度分布特征基本一致, 即从近岸向远海逐渐降低, 底层浓度约为表层的2 倍。利用Liss and Merlivat（1986）公式、Wanninkho...  相似文献   

西太平洋雅浦海沟区海水中CH₄和DMSP的垂直变化特征     

张梦洁  孙承君  杨桂朋  丁海兵 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):143-157

本研究首次探究了西太平洋雅浦海沟北段从表层到超深渊海水中甲烷（CH₄）及二甲基硫（DMS）的前体物质二甲基巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）的浓度变化情况。结果表明:雅浦海沟海水甲烷浓度变化范围为1.49~3.87 nmol/L。其上层海水甲烷平均浓度最高，有明显的次表层极大现象。雅浦海沟氧最小层海水的甲烷平均浓度最低；在500~1 000 m中层水中甲烷浓度有一定程度的增大，1 000 m以下至底层甲烷浓度继续升高。研究海区溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）和总DMSP（DMSPt）平均浓度的垂直变化随深度呈先增大后减小趋势，颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）的平均浓度随深度呈波动式变化，在中层达到最大。雅浦海沟CH₄和DMSP浓度垂直变化受浮游生物、微生物、光照、温度、压力、大洋环流等的复杂影响。在真光层海水中，CH₄浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为负相关关系，在200 m至底层海水中，CH₄浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为正相关关系，显示光照条件是造成雅浦海沟不同深度海水CH₄和DMSP浓度相关性差异的关键因素。  相似文献   

渤海溶解CH₄分布和通量的季节变化及其影响因素          下载免费PDF全文

孙悦  罗畅  杜冠祥  王浩男  宋国栋  刘素美  张桂玲 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(2):444-456

甲烷(CH₄)是影响地球辐射平衡的主要温室气体,海洋是大气CH₄的自然源,而陆架等近海是释放CH₄的热点海域。于2021年4月、7月和10月对渤海进行了调查,以认识其分布特征并估算其海-气交换通量。春、夏和秋季表层海水CH₄浓度分别为(4.56±2.60)、(8.31±4.01)和(4.99±1.31) nmol/L,夏季明显高于春秋季。CH₄的垂直分布规律为底层普遍高于表层,不同站位的垂直分布空间差异较大。渤海CH₄分布主要受河流输入、油气泄漏、生物活动以及沉积物-水界面交换等因素的影响,其中黄河向渤海输入CH₄约为每月1.4×104～2.8×105mol,秋冬季沉积物-水界面CH₄交换通量范围为–4.0～0.42μmol/(m²·d),表明秋冬季沉积物既可能是渤海水体CH₄的源,也可能是其汇。春、夏和秋季渤海CH₄海-气交换通量分别为(1.1±...  相似文献   

黄、渤海二甲基硫化物的浓度分布与迁移转化速率研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

闫士博  靳娜  张洪海  曹晓燕  杨桂朋 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):84-95

于2015年8-9月对黄、渤海海域进行现场调查，研究了海水中二甲基硫（DMS）、β-二甲巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）、二甲亚砜（DMSO）的浓度分布、相互关系及影响因素，测定了DMS的生物生产与消耗、光化学氧化和海-气扩散速率，对DMS的迁移转化速率进行综合评价。结果表明:表层海水中DMS、溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）、颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）、溶解态DMSO（DMSOd）和颗粒态DMSO（DMSOp）浓度的平均值分别为（6.12±3.01）nmol/L、（6.03±3.45）nmol/L、（19.47±9.15）nmol/L、（16.85±8.34）nmol/L和（14.37±7.47）nmol/L，整体呈现近岸高远海低，表层高底层低的趋势。DMS、DMSPd和DMSOp浓度与叶绿素（Chl a）浓度存在显著的相关性。表层海水中DMS光氧化速率顺序为:k_UVA > k_UVB > k_可见，其中UVA波段占光氧化的70.8%。夏季黄、渤海微生物消耗、光氧化及海-气扩散对DMS去除的贡献率分别为32.4%、34.5%和33.1%，表明3种去除途径作用相当。黄、渤海DMS海-气通量变化范围为0.79~48.45 μmol/（m2·d），平均值为（11.87±11.35）μmol/（m2·d）。  相似文献   

东海和南黄海表层海水中几种挥发性卤代烃的分布和通量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

宋贵生  杨桂朋  陆小兰 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(1):9-14

以中国近海有代表性的陆架区——东海及南黄海为目标,对东海和南黄海中常见的5种挥发性卤代烃(VHCs)的分布及其海-气通量进行了研究.研究表明,在黄海03断面表层海水中CHCl3、C2HCl3、C2Cl4、CHBrCl2和CHBr2Cl的浓度分别为41(31-54)、53 (23-80)、17 (6.3-23)、23 (7.4-34)和51 (3.1-92) pmol/L,东海表层海水中的浓度分别为25(11-83)、54 (12-95)、39 (9.2-94)、25(5.4-74)和6.4 (1.3-41) pmol/L.由于受人为活动、河流输入和黑潮水入侵的影响,VHCs在水平分布上呈现近岸高、远海低的规律;5种VHCs在表层海水中的浓度与叶绿素a(Chla)存在相关性;这5种化合物在表层海水中没有完全一致的周日变化规律, CHBrCl2和CHBr2Cl的最大值分别在上午10时和下午16时出现,CHCl3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4均在下午13时出现最大值.根据表层海水中CHCl3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的浓度和文献报道的大气浓度,运用Liss和Salter双层模型,估算得到这3种物质在南黄海的海-气通量分别为76 (1.97-149)、160 (1.07-330)和53 (0.70-119) nmol/(m2·d),在东海的海-气通量为46 (1.65-223)、171 (6.27-495)和135 (3.41-484) nmol/(m2·d),东海和南黄海在冬季是大气CHCl3、C2HCl3和C2Cl4的源.  相似文献   

南黄海和中国东海中挥发性卤代烃的分布与海气通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨桂朋  李莉  陆小兰  张亮 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(2):9-20

Distributions and sea-to-air fluxes of five kinds of volatile halocarbons(VHCs) were studied in the southern Yellow Sea(SYS) and the East China Sea(ECS) in November 2007. The results showed that the concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloroethane(C2H3Cl3), 1,1-dichloroethene(C2H2Cl2), 1,1,2-trichloroethene(C2HCl3), trichloromethane(CHCl3) and tetrachloromethane(CCl4) in the surface water were 0.31–4.81, 2.75–21.3, 1.21–17.1, 5.02–233 and 0.045–4.47 pmol/L, respectively, with the average values of 1.89, 12.20, 6.93, 60.90 and 0.33 pmol/L. On the whole, the horizontal distributions of C2H3Cl3, C2H2Cl2 and CCl4 were affected mainly by anthropogenic activities, while C2HCl3 and CHCl3 were influenced by biological factors as well as anthropogenic activities. In the study area, the concentrations of VHCs(except C2HCl3) exhibited a decreasing trend from inshore to offshore sites, with the higher values occurring in the coastal waters. The sea-to-air fluxes of C2H3Cl3, C2HCl3, CHCl3 and CCl4 were calculated to be-56.00–(-5.68),-7.31–123.42, 148.00–1 309.31 and-83.32–(-1.53) nmol/(m2·d), respectively, with the average values of-6.77, 17.14, 183.38 and-21.27 nmol/(m2·d). Our data showed that the SYS and ECS in autumn was a sink for C2H3Cl3 and CCl4, while it was a source for C2HCl3 and CHCl3 in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Removal and bioaccumulation of anthropogenic, halogenated transient tracers in an anoxic fjord   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Toste Tanhua  K. Anders Olsson   《Marine Chemistry》2005,94(1-4):27

The persistence of the anthropogenic halogenated tracers, CFC-11 (CCl₃F), CFC-12 (CCl₂F₂), CFC-113 (CCl₂FCClF₂), carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and methyl chloroform (CH₃CCl₃) in oxygen-depleted waters was investigated in the anoxic fjord Framvaren in southern Norway. A model for the ventilation of the water in the fjord was created based on tritium and CFC-12 profiles. The results suggest that CFC-12 is stable in this environment, although still affected by particulate scavenging, while the other four halocarbon species shows signs of significant removal in the oxic/anoxic interface. The first-order removal coefficients were calculated to be 0.35, 0.19, 1.23 and 0.31 year⁻¹ for CFC-11, CFC-113, CCl₄ and CH₃CCl₃, respectively. Significant downward flux of halogenated tracers by sinking organic matter is suggested by the model; the tracers are subsequently released to the water column by the remineralisation of the particles. This process acts as a sink of halogenated tracers in the surface waters, whereas it is a source for the deep waters. Our results points to bioaccumulation factors (BF) for the CFC tracers in the order of 4.4–5.4 (log BF), which is 100–600 times those previously reported. This might be of significance to near-shore, semi-enclosed, basins with a high flux of organic matter, but would still have little importance in open ocean basins.  相似文献   

北黄海海水中挥发性卤代烃的分布和海-气通量研究     

杨斌  陆小兰  杨桂朋  任春艳  张亮  宋贵生 《海洋学报》2010,32(1):47-55

用吹扫-捕集气相色谱法对北黄海常见的4种挥发性卤代烃(VHC)的研究表明,秋季北黄海表层海水中CHCl3,C2HCl3,CHBr2Cl和CHBr3的浓度和平均值分别为9.9~63.4(14.1±8.1),7.1~29.4(15.4±6.2),0.1~30.3(8.8±10.0)和4.2~56.4(21.6±12.2)pmol/dm3。这4种VHC在水平分布上呈现一定的空间变化,其浓度可能是陆地径流、人为活动和生物产生的影响程度不同造成的。VHC在垂直分布上受到地理位置和水文条件的不同影响,在不同站位有较大差异。周日变化研究表明,VHC具有一定的周日变化特征,受光照和潮汐等因素的共同影响最大值均出现在13:00—16:00。采用Liss和Slater双层模型理论对北黄海表层海水和大气之间CHCl3,C2HCl3和CHBr3的海-气通量进行估算,得到这3种物质在北黄海的海-气通量平均值和范围分别为14.8(0.2~104.4),23.2(1.8~93.0)和15.6(0.7~55.1)nmol/(m2.d)。结果表明,在秋季该研究海域是大气CHCl3,C2HCl3和CHBr3的源。  相似文献   

Analysis of Capabilities for Satellite Monitoring of Atmospheric Gaseous Composition Using IRFS-2 Instrument     

A. S. Garkusha  A. V. Polyakov  Yu. M. Timofeyev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2017,53(9):1016-1018

Capabilities of the total column monitoring of different minor gaseous compounds of the atmosphere with the satellite IRFS-2 Fourier interferometer have been studied. The possibilities of determining the СО₂, О₃, СH₄, HNO₃, N₂O, CH₃OH, HCFC-22, CFC-11, CFC-12, PAN, and ССl₄ total columns have been investigated on the basis of line-by-line calculations of the forward problem operator and calculation of error matrices by the optimal estimation method. It has been shown that the IRFS-2 device could be used to measure the total columns of СО₂, О₃, N₂O, СH₄, and HNO₃. In the information-gathering mode, it is also possible to retrieve the CH₃OH, HCFC-22, CFC-11, CFC-12, PAN, and ССl₄ total columns due to the suppression of random measurement errors.  相似文献   

Carbon cycling within the upper methanogenic zone of continental rise sediments; An example from the methane-rich sediments overlying the Blake Ridge gas hydrate deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Walter S. Borowski  Charles K. Paull  William Ussler  III   《Marine Chemistry》1997,57(3-4)

Data from piston cores collected from Carolina Rise and Blake Ridge, and from many DSDP/ODP sites indicate that extreme ¹³C-depletion of methane and ΣCO₂ occurs within the uppermost methanogenic zone of continental rise sediments. We infer that ¹³C-depleted methane is generated near the top of the methanogenic zone when carbon of ¹³C-depleted ΣCO₂, produced by microbially-mediated anaerobic methane oxidation, is recycled back to methane through CO₂ reduction. Interstitial water and gas samples were collected in 27 piston cores, 16 of which penetrated through the sulfate reduction zone into methane-bearing sediments of the Carolina Rise and Blake Ridge. Isotopic measurements (δ¹³C_CH4, δ¹³C_CO2, δD_CH4, and δD_H2O) indicate that this methane is microbial in origin, produced by microbially-mediated CO₂ reduction. Methane samples form two distinct isotopic pools. (1) Methane from a seafloor seep site shows a mean δ¹³C_CH4 value of − 69 ± 2%., mirroring values found at ≥ 160 mbsf from a nearby DSDP site. (2) Twenty, areally-separated sites (sample depth, 10 to 25 mbsf) have δ¹³C_CH4 values ranging from −85 to −103%., and δ¹³C_CO2 as negative as −48%.. The very low δ¹³C values from the methane and CO₂ pools highlight the importance of carbon cycling within continental rise sediments at and near the sulfate-methane boundary.  相似文献   

Enrichment of alkanes within a phytoplankton bloom during an in situ iron enrichment experiment in the western subarctic Pacific     

Sohiko Kameyama  Urumu Tsunogai  Fumiko Nakagawa  Motoki Sasakawa  Daisuke D. Komatsu  Akira Ijiri  Junko Yamaguchi  Takeo Horiguchi  Hiroshi Kawamura  Aika Yamaguchi  Atsushi Tsuda 《Marine Chemistry》2009,115(1-2):92-101

During the Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study ΙΙ (SEEDS-II), we monitored variations in the concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), CH₃Cl, N₂O, and CH₄ within a phytoplankton bloom. Stable isotopic compositions were also determined to evaluate the sources of the variations. Although there was little variation in either the concentrations or the stable isotopic compositions of alkenes, CH₃Cl, N₂O, and CH₄ during the 23-day observation period, alkane concentrations increased substantially as the phytoplankton bloomed. The column-integrated quantities of alkanes increased to 3 times pre-bloom levels for C₂H₆, 5 times for C₃H₈, and 20 times for n-C₄H₁₀. The δ¹³C values of both C₂H₆ and C₃H₈ remained almost constant while concentrations increased, whereas that of n-C₄H₁₀ increased by about 12‰. To evaluate the sources of the alkanes produced during the bloom, we compared their δ¹³C values with those of alkanes produced in axenic phytoplankton cultures in our laboratory. We concluded that during the SEEDS-ΙΙ experiment the major portions of C₂H₆ and C₃H₈ were produced during the autolysis of diatoms cells, whereas n-C₄H₁₀ was produced during autolysis of other phytoplankton cells such as cryptophytes and dinoflagellates.  相似文献   

Depth profiles of volatile iodine and bromine-containing halocarbons in coastal Antarctic waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L.J. Carpenter  D.J. Wevill  C.J. Palmer  J. Michels 《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):227-236

Measurements of bromoform (CHBr₃), diiodomethane (CH₂I₂), chloroiodomethane (CH₂ICl) and bromoiodomethane (CH₂IBr) were made in the water column (5–100 m depth) of the Southern Ocean within 0–40 km of the Antarctic sea ice during the ANTXX1/2 transect of the German R/V Polarstern, at five locations between 70–72°S and 9–11°W in the Antarctic spring/summer of 2003–2004. Some of the profiles exhibited a very pronounced layer of surface sea-ice meltwater, as evidenced by salinity minima and temperature maxima, along with surface maxima in concentrations of CHBr₃, CH₂I₂, CH₂ICl and CH₂IBr. These results are consistent with in situ surface halocarbon production by ice algae liberated from the sea ice, although production within the sea ice followed by transport cannot be entirely ruled out. Additional sub-surface maxima in halocarbons occurred between 20 and 80 m. At a station further from shore and not affected by surface sea-ice meltwater, surface concentrations of CH₂I₂ were decreased whereas CH₂ICl concentrations were increased compared to the stations influenced by meltwater, consistent with photochemical conversion of CH₂I₂ to CH₂ICl, perhaps during upward mixing from a layer at  70 m enhanced in iodocarbons. Mean surface (5–10 m) water concentrations of halocarbons in these coastal Antarctic waters were 57 pmol l^− 1 CHBr₃ (range 44–78 pmol l^− 1), 4.2 pmol l^− 1 CH₂I₂ (range 1.7–8.2 pmol l^− 1), 0.8 pmol l^− 1 CH₂IBr (range 0.2–1.4 pmol l^− 1), and 0.7 pmol l^− 1 CH₂ICl (range 0.2–2.4 pmol l^− 1). Concurrent measurements in air suggested a sea-air flux of bromoform near the Antarctic coast of between 1 and 100 (mean 32.3, median 10.4) nmol m^− 2 day^− 1 and saturation anomalies of 557–1082% (mean 783%, median 733%), similar in magnitude to global shelf values. In surface samples affected by meltwater, CH₂I₂ fluxes ranged from 0.02 to 6.1 nmol m^− 2 day^− 1, with mean and median values of 1.9 and 1.1 nmol m^− 2 day^− 1, respectively.  相似文献   

Transport and fate of Danube Delta terrestrial organic matter in the Northwest Black Sea mixing zone     

Alain Saliot  Christopher C. Parrish  Naïma Sadouni  Ioanna Bouloubassi  Joëlle Fillaux  Gustave Cauwet 《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(3-4)

Within the framework of the European project EROS 21, a biogeochemical study of particles transported from the Danube Delta to the Northwestern Black Sea whose carbon cycle is dominated by riverine inputs was carried out in spring off the Sulina branch of the Danube Delta. The distribution of particulate organic carbon (POC), chlorophyll a (Chl a), C/N, and δ¹³C evidenced an omnipresent contribution of terrestrial organic matter throughout the study area together with a dilution of these inputs by freshwater and marine organisms. Four lipid series, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanes, n-alkanols, and sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Several signature compounds were selected to delineate dispersion of terrestrial organic carbon: (1) long-chain n-alkanoic acids in the range C₂₄–C₃₄, long-chain n-alkanes in the range C₂₅–C₃₅, long-chain n-alkanols in the range C₂₂–C₃₀, 24-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (29Δ^5,22) and 24-ethylcholesterol (29Δ⁵) for vascular plant-derived material and (2) coprostanol (27Δ^0,5β) for faecal contamination associated with sewage effluents. A marked decrease was observed between the concentrations of different vascular plant markers characterizing the two end members: riverine at salinity 0.3 and marine at salinity 15.5. The decrease observed for marine/riverine end members (expressed as a function of organic carbon) varied in a large range, from 4% for n-alkanes to 18.6%, 20.4% and 24% for n-fatty acids, n-alkanols and sterols, respectively. These values reflect a combination of various processes: size-selective particle sedimentation, resuspension of different particle pools of different sizes and ages, and/or selective biological utilization. The multi-marker approach also suggested the liberation in the mixing zone of terrestrial moieties, tightly trapped in macromolecular structures of the riverine material. The greatest decrease for marine/riverine end members was observed for coprostanol (0.9%), underlining the efficiency of the mixing zone as a sink for sewage-derived carbon.  相似文献   

离子色谱法测定海水中氯离子和硫酸根离子     

王丕波  曾艳敏  闫晶  殷丽娜  任登龙 《海洋科学》2020,44(11):52-56

氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子，在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多，但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl^-，SO₄^2-的离子色谱方法进行了优化，选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱，以3.5 mmol/L Na₂CO₃+1 mmol/L NaHCO₃为流动相，可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl^-检出限为0.29 mg/L，线性相关系数r²=0.999 2，对SO₄^2-检出限为0.42 mg/L，线性相关系数r²=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%~102%，Cl^-和SO₄^2-的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高，可满足批量海水样品中Cl^-与SO₄^2-的准确测试。  相似文献