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2007年11-12月采集福建和粤东近岸海域的沉积物样品,对沉积物中的PAHs含量、组成进行研究,分析了研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的分布特征、来源,并利用Long等人建立的评价模式对PAHs的生态风险进行了评价.研究结果为深入研究海域沉积环境中PAHs的地球化学行为提供了科学依据.结果表明：研究海域PAHs的含量范围为52.93-398.50 ng/g,平均值为170.30 ng/g,研究发现闽江径流是影响海区沉积物中PAHs含量分布的重要因素之一.通过不同环数PAHs的相对丰度和异构体比值分析,对研究海区沉积物中PAHs进行了溯源分析,发现厦门以北海域沉积物中的PAHs主要来自化石燃料燃烧,而厦门以南海域则主要来源于石油污染.生态风险评价结果显示,研究海域PAHs对生物体极少产生负面生态效应,潜在生态风险很小. 相似文献
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2013年5月采集吕泗渔场海域15个站位的表层沉积物,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)进行了测定,分析了该海域PAHs的分布特征及来源,并对其进行了生态风险评价。结果表明,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中优控的16种PAHs均有检出,PAHs的含量范围为31.5~109.6ng/g,平均值为54.5ng/g。PAHs的浓度整体上呈现由近岸到远海递减的趋势。与国内其他海区相比较,本研究区域的污染处于较低水平;通过特征组分比例确定吕泗渔场大部分站位表现为煤燃烧源、石油燃烧源的混合来源,LS13、LS14、LS15表现为以煤燃烧源为主的单一来源;生态风险评价显示,吕泗渔场表层沉积物中多环芳烃存在严重的生态风险的概率极小。 相似文献
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长江口及废黄河口海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃分布特征和生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015年10月采集长江口及废黄河口51个沉积物样品,对沉积物中的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)的含量进行测定,探讨长江口及废黄河口海域表层沉积物中PAHs的分布组成、来源及潜在的生态风险评价。总PAHs的含量范围为4.23~292.39 ng/g,平均值含量为67.40 ng/g。研究区样品的PAHs含量呈现"北部低南部高"的空间分布特征,舟山群岛东部区域PAHs含量普遍偏高,长江口次之,废黄河口最低。与国内其他海区相比,研究区域PAHs总体处于中低等污染水平。运用统计分析和特征比值法对来源进行分析,研究区域沉积物中PAHs主要是以4环、5环为主,来源分析显示PAHs的主要来源为各类燃烧源及石油源的混合来源。根据效应区间低/中值法(ERL/ERM)评价结果显示,长江口及废黄河口海域的潜在生态风险很小,但对生态有一定的潜在威胁,也应该引起重视。 相似文献
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对莱州湾及其邻近海域表层海水中氯丹、硫丹及硫丹硫酸盐含量进行调查研究,为该海域海水质量状况及生态风险评价提供科学数据。2012年8月、9月,在调查海域设置51个站位,取其表层海水,用气相色谱法对氯丹、硫丹及硫丹硫酸盐含量进行检测。8月氯丹、硫丹及硫丹硫酸盐浓度范围依次为N.D.(Notdetected)~0.58ng/L、N.D.~0.85ng/L、N.D.~2.18ng/L,9月依次为N.D.~0.84ng/L、N.D.~2.13ng/L、N.D.~1.94ng/L。两种有机氯农药受陆源性输入影响,呈现出由近岸向远海递减的趋势;研究海域整体污染程度处于一个可接受的水平,但海域中有新的硫丹污染物输入和积累,需要引起一定重视。 相似文献
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厦门西海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃含量分布及生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年11月30日至12月1日连续两天采集厦门西海域10个站位表层沉积物样品,参照美国EPA标准方法及采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,对表层沉积物样品中的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行测定分析.结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物样品中16种PAHs的总含量为198.2-1061.6 ng·g-1,平均值为723.51 ng·g-1,能检出的PAHs均以2-4环的芳香物为主;10个站位中X1、X2、X3、X6及M2站位的PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的不完全燃烧,其他站位以石油泄漏为主要来源.对PAHs的生态风险评价结果表明,厦门西海域表层沉积物中PAHs的环境毒性相对较低,说明该海域表层沉积物中PAHs对生物的危害程度较轻. 相似文献
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为了评估唐山、秦皇岛近岸海域贝类体中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平及其健康风险,于2010年10月采集了唐山、秦皇岛近岸海域贝类样品。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法检测贝类体中PAHs含量,运用美国环保局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价方法评价其健康风险程度。结果表明,贝类生物体中PAHs含量范围为17.27~331.96 ng·g-1,平均值为117.19 ng·g-1,4-5环PAHs含量比例较高。苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性当量浓度为0.25~169.99 ng·g-1。秦皇岛近岸海域贝类产品中PAHs的致癌风险指数为1.09×10-4~2.83×10-4,高于USEPA建议的可接受致癌风险指数(10-4),存在一定致癌风险;唐山近岸海域贝类体内PAHs致癌风险指数均在可接受致癌风险之内。 相似文献
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中国北部辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs源解析和生态风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Yufeng WU Jinhao SONG Lun SONG Yonggang YANG Meng WANG Nianbin HAN Jiabo GUAN Daoming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):12-21
研究于2014年和2015年对辽东湾表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的来源和生态风险状况进行了调查和评估。辽东湾表层沉积物中16种PAHs的含量范围为88.5-347 ng/g，高值区主要分布在辽东湾中部海域。对辽东湾各站位沉积物中多环芳烃的含量进行中聚类分析结果表明，辽东湾的采样站位可分为两类，一类站位主要分布在辽东湾沉积物中部海域，另一类站位主要分布在受陆源污染较为严重的近岸海域。辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs的来源为燃烧源和石油源的混合来源，其中燃烧源为主要来源。萘、苊、苊烯、菲、二苯并[a,h]蒽可能偶尔会引发有害生物效应；辽东湾表层沉积物为低致癌风险；辽东湾中部海域表层沉积物中PAHs的生态风险和毒性污染水平高于辽东湾近岸海域。 相似文献
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《海岸工程》2018,(4)
利用2014-06曹妃甸近岸海域14个采样站位沉积物和底栖生物体7种重金属(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg和As)单因子污染指数、富集系数、潜在生态风险因子和生物-沉积物积累因子,评估了曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险水平和生物-沉积物积累程度。结果表明:曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属元素含量大小顺序为ZnCrPbCuAsCdHg;空间分布上呈现靠近曹妃甸填海区域含量高、远离其区域含量低的趋势。重金属元素污染程度由高到低为Cd,Hg,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,As,其中Cd的污染程度为轻微污染,其余重金属元素富集污染程均为无污染。综合潜在生态风险等级"较低"水平,其中Cd元素是较大的潜在风险因子。底栖生物生物体重金属元素含量大小顺序依次为ZnCuAsCdCrHgPb,Cd在2种双壳类贝类生物体内具有较强的累积作用,是沉积物重金属含量的6.64倍,其余均显示没有累积。 相似文献
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文章对2014年9月曹妃甸近岸海域表层沉积物中重金属含量及其分布进行了分析,并利用Hankanson法对其潜在生态风险进行了评价。结果显示,曹妃甸近岸海域各调查站位沉积物中重金属含量均低于一类沉积物标准限值,Cd和Pb的平均含量均超过了渤海湾重金属背景值,沉积物中重金属含量随离岸距离的增加而呈降低趋势。重金属综合潜在生态风险指数RI为94.11,风险等级为中等,其中重金属潜在生态风险指数由大到小依次为Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn,除Cd以外其余重金属元素生态风险等级均为较低。重金属潜在生态风险随离岸距离的增加呈递减趋势,分析原因可能源于陆源污染。沉积物中重金属相关性分析表明:曹妃甸近岸海域沉积物中重金属元素Cd和Hg、Pb和Zn呈显著相关性,说明Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn可能具有相似来源。 相似文献
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大亚湾海域水体和沉积物中多环芳烃分布及其生态危害评价 总被引：26，自引：2，他引：26
1999年8月首次采集大亚湾海域14个站位的次表层水和表层沉积物样品,分析其中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)单体的含量,探讨其可能的来源,并进行典型有机污染物生态危害评价。结果表明,海水中PAHs平均含量为10984±8461ng·L-1,变化范围为4228—29325ng·L-1;表层沉积物中PAHs平均含量为481±316ng·g-1,变化范围为115—1134ng·g-1;大亚湾海域PAHs含量比其它近岸海区相对较高。PAHs的组成在水体中以3环为主,在沉积物中以4环为主。菲/蒽和荧蒽/芘比值显示沉积物中PAHs来自化石燃料的燃烧和成岩作用的输入。PAHs在沉积物/水中的富集系数平均值为72,变化范围为9—756。大亚湾海域水体PAHs污染严重而表层沉积物污染较轻,显示尚有较大量的PAHs输入。为保持大亚湾海洋生态系统的可持续发展,必须加强PAHs的监测,特别是生物体中PAHs含量的分析。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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E. Wolanski P. Colin J. Naithani E. Deleersnijder Y. Golbuu 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2004,60(4):705-716
Three years of temperature data along two transects extending to 90 m depth, at Palau, Micronesia, show twice-a-day thermocline vertical displacements of commonly 50–100 m, and on one occasion 270 m. The internal wave occurred at a number of frequencies. There were a number of spectral peaks at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies, as well as intermediate and sub-inertial frequencies, less so at the inertial frequency. At Palau the waves generally did not travel around the island because there was no coherence between internal waves on either side of the island. The internal waves at a site 30 km offshore were out-of-phase with those on the island slopes, suggesting that the waves were generated on the island slope and then radiated away. Palau Island was thus a source of internal wave energy for the surrounding ocean. A numerical model suggests that the tidal and low-frequency currents flowing around the island form internal waves with maximum wave amplitude on the island slope and that these waves radiate away from the island. The model also suggests that the headland at the southern tip of Palau prevents the internal waves to rotate around the island. The large temperature fluctuations (commonly daily fluctuations ≈10 °C, peaking at 20 °C) appear responsible for generating a thermal stress responsible for a biologically depauperate biological community on the island slopes at depths between 60 and 120 m depth. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献