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为研究潮流能水轮机尾流场流动特性及涡结构组成,基于DDES(Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)模型对不同流速和转速的4种工况下水轮机尾流场进行数值模拟,并进一步探究其尾流场空间涡结构的变化特性。结果表明,水轮机的数值模拟结果与试验结果能够较好吻合。对比不同工况下的尾流场模拟结果可知:水轮机尾流区域流动复杂,延迟分离涡模拟方法能有效模拟水轮机旋转过程中产生的叶尖涡、叶尖脱落涡、轮毂涡等不同涡结构,并能完整观察到叶尖涡的产生、脱落、失稳、破碎过程。转速一定时,流速越大,叶尖脱落涡、轮毂涡的发展距离越远;流速一定时,转速越大,涡的发展距离越短。本文数值模拟计算结果可为实际海况中潮流能阵列水轮机的布局提供可靠依据。 相似文献
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导管桨的尾流不稳定性在其性能评价中非常重要，不但是其能否提供稳定推力的保证，而且也与螺旋桨的尾流噪声直接相关。为了改善导管桨的尾流，提高尾流稳定性，并优化导管桨的流场脉动，根据座头鲸鳍肢前缘结节的仿生原理，对导管桨叶片的导边进行改进，提出了两种仿生桨型，采用IDDES湍流模型对低进速系数下常规导管桨和仿生叶片导管桨进行数值模拟，探究叶片构型对导管桨性能和尾流不稳定性的影响。计算结果表明，前缘结节可以有效降低叶片受力波动的幅值和叶片所受合力的主频域峰值，具有较大结节的叶片对导管桨尾流有明显的优化作用，在尾流远场中扩大了流动稳定区，延后了尾流处涡破碎的发生，改善了能量谱密度的频域分布。进一步，大前缘结节叶片导管桨应用在低速工况下时，可以大量减少尾流泄涡区域的二次涡产生，这是由于前缘结节提升了相邻涡互感的强度，使得尾流更加稳定，而小结节叶片仿生桨型对导管桨尾流则无明显优化作用。研究方法和成果可为螺旋桨尤其是导管桨尾流不稳定性研究提供参考，不仅验证了前缘结节在导管桨叶片应用的合理性，而且揭示了其优化尾流稳定性的机理。 相似文献
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浮筒被广泛应用在海洋工程中,研究浮筒的涡激运动对于减少其对海洋平台构件的疲劳损坏具有指导意义。传统的动网格方法在处理浮筒转动运动时会因网格变形过大导致计算不收敛,采用了重叠网格方法以解决这一问题。数值试验采用了基于开源工具包Open FOAM自主开发的naoe-FOAM-SJTU求解器。分别进行了自由衰减数值试验和涡激运动数值试验。研究表明,随着折合速度的增加,浮筒的顺流向、横流向、垂荡和艏摇运动频率增加,且顺流向与垂荡频率相近,横流向与艏摇频率相近;其次,根据涡量场分布,表明浮筒前一时刻的泻涡会影响到浮筒之后时刻的周向涡量分布;最后,研究发现自由端对于浮筒尾流场泻涡有着显著影响,为将来探究减少浮筒涡激运动的方法提供指导。 相似文献
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在多风机风电场中,通过主动调节上游风机的偏航角度,抑制上游风机尾流对下游风机的影响,减少风力机机组之间的尾流相互干扰,以达到提高整个风电场效率的目的。采用基于开源平台Open FOAM自主开发的FOWT-UALM-SJTU求解器中风电场求解模块ALMWindFarmFoam,将致动线模型与CFD方法相结合,利用大涡模拟(LES)计算研究当上游风机处于不同偏航角度时,两风机之间的复杂尾流干扰效应。对比分析偏航角度改变时,上下游风机气动功率的输出特性,尾流速度变化以及风机的尾涡结构。数值模拟结果表明:在上下游风机沿流向方向距离保持不变的情况下,随着上游风机偏航角度的变化,上下游风机的尾流干扰现象以及下游风机的入流条件会发生明显改变,并会对下游风机的气动功率输出以及两风机风电场的整体流场产生显著影响。 相似文献
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为研究仿胸鳍推进的机理和流体动力特性及缩小机器鱼与生物原型之间的性能差距,利用浸入边界法数值模拟了做耦合旋转运动胸鳍的非定常绕流问题。详细探讨胸鳍非定常运动的三维尾涡结构演化和推进机理,并开展胸鳍推进性能与尾涡结构的参数影响分析。结果表明:迎流面在背、腹侧边缘及鳍梢部显著涡旋结构的作用下所出现的低压力区,加之鳍表面和上游来流之间好的垂直度共同造成了在动力划水阶段的高推力;在恢复划水阶段的高升力与背侧边缘涡强度的持续增加,以及因鳍表面倾斜而引起的水动力被分解到竖直方向的比重提升有关;胸鳍尾流场被一个三维双环涡结构所支配;当前的模拟为仿胸鳍推进建立了一个最优的斯特劳哈尔数St范围(在0.55附近),在此之后平均推力仍随St的增大而增加,而推进效率则表现出一个缓慢降低的趋势;当前后拍动与纵倾运动之间的相位差为90度时,胸鳍同时取得最佳的推力和效率。 相似文献
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预测圆柱涡激振动的尾流振子模型中,通常采用线性的耦合模型,例如位移或者速度、加速度耦合来表征结构对尾流的作用。三种线性模型在预测圆柱锁频阶段的动力特性时存在差异,而且适用范围也受质量比的限制。提出了考虑结构与尾流动力非线性耦合的模型,该模型基于加速度耦合并结合速度耦合进行修正,适用范围不受质量比的影响;与实验结果的对比表明该模型可以更合理地给出锁频区域以及结构位移响应和尾流升力。最后,利用新模型讨论了质量比对锁频阶段结构振动幅值、尾流升力及频率比的影响;结果表明,随着质量比的增大,结构锁频区域变窄,结构振幅和尾流升力幅值减小。 相似文献
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自从人们对层流的圆柱绕流现象有了系列研究及清楚的认识后,人们逐渐把目光投向湍流的圆柱绕流,但相关研究主要关注于模拟湍流方法的数值格式和精度问题,而忽略了对高雷诺下圆柱绕流流场本身的认识及规律的总结。基于开源代码Open FOAM的大涡模拟方法以连续方程和Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,选用Smargorinsky模式为亚格子应力模型,采用有限体积法和一次预测两次修正的PISO算法,对Re=3 900时三维圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟研究,并着重分析了其尾流特征和性质。数值计算结果表明:大涡模拟方法可以模拟出细致的流场结构,该雷诺数下的圆柱绕流具有很强的三维及湍流效应,在圆柱后方约一倍直径的范围内存在回流区域,在靠近圆柱壁面的尾流区域的速度剖面呈"U"型,远离壁面的速度剖面呈"V"型。瞬时速度剖面始终围绕着时均速度的周围脉动,且距离圆柱越远瞬时速度场的脉动范围越大。 相似文献
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黑潮延伸体上游中尺度涡场的年代际振荡及其相关机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场的涡动能和涡特征尺度存在显著地年代际振荡,和黑潮延伸体路径的年代际变化有很好的相关性。当黑潮延伸体路径比较稳定时,其上游区域涡动能比较高,涡特征尺度比较大,反之相反。通过对黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场进行集合分析发现:当黑潮延伸体处于稳定状态时,上游涡场几乎是各向均匀地,有轻微的径向伸长;而当黑潮延伸体处于不稳定状态时,上游的中尺度涡场有显著地纬向伸长。对与中尺度涡场的产生相关的线性斜压不稳定和正压不稳定进行了计算分析,结果显示,线性斜压不稳定不是控制中尺度涡场年代际变化的机制,而正压不稳定对中尺度涡场的年代际变化有积极的贡献。不稳定产生的中尺度涡之间存在非线性涡-涡相互作用。 相似文献
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本文通过假定底边界层湍黏性的三次多项式参数化形式,基于简化的Navier–Stokes方程,并利用超几何方程的性质,推导出了湍流粗糙底边界层的速度解析解。同时,得到了底边界层内其他的动力参数,如底剪应力、Ekman传输、Ekman抽吸及近底部速度分布场,从理论上讨论了均匀混合底边界层特征量分布特征。通过数值结果分析,进一步得出底边界层的总速度、亏损速度及其剪应力受平均流的角频率和地球自转影响比较大;而底边界层的动力结构对于底边界层顶部粗糙度不敏感。该涡黏性模式从理论上丰富了底边界层涡黏性的形式,为底边界层的动力系统研究提供了借鉴和理论参考。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献