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1.
南海沉积物中黏土矿物及其在古气候中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黏土矿物作为海洋细粒陆源碎屑沉积物中最重要的组成部分,近年来在南海沉积物物源示踪和古气候研究方面取得了重要进展。系统总结了前人对南海沉积物中黏土矿物研究的成果,主要包括南海表层沉积物中黏土矿物物源、分布及其影响因素,及其在古气候研究方面的应用,阐述了地质时间尺度黏土矿物组合的变化,对同时期物源区气候变化和物源区供给或洋流变化的指示意义。指出了该领域存在的一些问题,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。 相似文献
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对沉积物源判别的地球化学方法进行了分类总结，并分析了各类方法中存在的问题，进一步给出了应用建议，以期更加实用。综合分析表明，常量元素（组分）主要用于表征化学风化程度和判断源岩类型；微量元素组成不仅可以示踪物源区，还可以判别构造环境，其中蛛网图和三角图是最有效的判别图解，Ce异常是判断古海洋氧化还原环境的常用指标，Eu异常常用于区分基性岩和热液流体与酸性岩和陆源物质；直接指示物源的同位素指标以Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成及其特征值最为有效，不仅可用于追踪沉积物源，还可用于确定沉积物的年龄、划分沉积地层和反映区域性或全球性的地质事件。古气候变化是影响生物碎屑碳酸盐中C、O同位素组成变化的重要因素，而古气候直接影响物源供给。因此，生物碎屑碳酸盐中C、O同位素组成可以间接反映物源供给情况。此外，石英δ18O对于河流、沙漠、黄土和风尘等沉积物的物源分析以及陆海源汇效应的研究具有重要意义。在利用地球化学方法进行物源分析时，运用单一方法往往存在一定的局限性，应当充分利用各类方法的优势，考虑各种造成误判的因素，利用多种方法综合分析，必要时还应考虑沉积环境的其他要素。 相似文献
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皖南第四纪风尘堆积序列粒度特征及其意义 总被引：32，自引：4，他引：32
通过系统采样与粒度测试，在同北方黄土充分对比的基础上分析和讨论了皖南第四纪风尘堆积序列的粒度特征，并根据堆积物的粒度与古气候－环境之间的内在联系，对该地区气候环境的演变及风尘堆积物的物源变迁等问题进行了初步探讨和分析。 相似文献
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通过对西太平洋帕里西维拉海盆东南部的C-P19柱状样和马里亚纳海沟南坡的L3柱状样进行粒度和稀土元素地球化学分析,探讨了二者物源的异同。结果表明:研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量基本不受沉积物粒度控制,主要受控于物源变化。物源判别结果指示二者的物源具有同源性,其中西马里亚纳海脊剥蚀下来的火山物质对研究区的物质来源贡献最大。火山物质中的重矿物可以影响到稀土元素的含量,例如锆石的含量和稀土元素总量(ΣREY)的相关系数可达0.86。来自中国内陆黄土的陆源风尘物质对两个研究区的物源供给也有一定贡献,但其贡献程度较小。由于马里亚纳海沟南坡更加远离大陆且纬度更低,其接受的亚洲风尘也比帕里西维拉海盆和挑战者深渊更少。此外,南极底层水流经研究区,对海盆和海沟的沉积物都造成一定影响,而且在马里亚纳海沟南坡更加活跃,因而帕里西维拉海盆东南部的沉积物比马里亚纳海沟南坡更易于保存。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2015,(6)
日本海作为西北太平洋一个主要的边缘海,其巨厚的海底沉积物不仅记录了海盆的古海洋演化信息,而且可用以重建晚新生代东亚大陆古气候演变。根据物质来源,日本海沉积物组成主要包括5类:风尘、河流碎屑、火山碎屑、冰筏沉积物以及海洋自生物质。其中陆源碎屑物质主要由大气环流(东亚冬季风和西风急流)和水动力过程(河流、海冰和洋流等)自东亚大陆(内陆干旱粉尘区和东部大河黄河和长江)、朝鲜半岛以及日本岛弧等源区搬运而来。过去气候演变使碎屑物质的源区和搬运动力强度等均发生变化,相应地,日本海中这些沉积物的物理化学组成、粒度及通量等也随之变化。第四纪时期,海平面的频繁升降变化成为影响冰期-间冰期旋回中日本海底层水环境以及沉积物自生组分特征改变的主要因素。基于近20年来日本海沉积物的来源及其古气候方面的研究进展综述,提出一些关于日本海区域沉积物以及古气候研究方面存在的科学问题。 相似文献
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通过对东海浪岗山岛屿黄土剖面系统采样和粒度、磁化率测试,在同其他地方黄土充分对比的基础上,分析和讨论了浪岗山第四纪风成沉积的粒度与磁性特征：浪岗山黄土剖面中,10～50 μm粒组富集,分布均匀,符合黄土的风成特性;但粗颗粒（〉50 μm）含量均超过10%,显示该剖面除了接受来自西北内陆的远源风尘物质外还接受来自东海陆架的近源风尘物质;磁化率相对较高,但变化不大.根据沉积物的粒度与古气候环境的内在联系,结合磁化率变化情况,对该地区风尘沉积物的物源变迁及环境演变进行了初步探讨和分析. 相似文献
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西太平洋风尘沉积记录研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究海底风尘组份、来源和通量的地质记录,对于理解风尘在行星辐射平衡、全球大洋的营养盐供应及碳循环中的作用,以及源区古气候和古大气环流重建有着非常重要的意义。作为全球第二大风尘源区的亚洲内陆,其风尘产物主要被东亚冬季风及西风带携带至西太平洋。现有西太平洋风尘沉积记录的工作主要集中在冰期-间冰期时间尺度,尤其近几年在西菲律宾海和赤道太平洋第四纪风尘物源及通量变化方面取得了重要的进展,在日本海中新世以来的长期风尘记录及其驱动机制方面也获得了重要认识。至少在晚第四纪以来的冰期-间冰期时间尺度上,从高纬度到赤道甚至南极的全球范围,风尘通量在冰期约高出间冰期2—3倍,表明冰期风尘源区更加干旱而风力更为强劲。在新生代以来,西太平洋的长期风尘输入主要反映了亚洲内陆干旱逐渐增强,是受到青藏高原隆起和全球变冷的共同影响。但是,总体上西太平洋风尘沉积的研究程度非常低,突出反映在以下几个方面:风尘从源到汇搬运和沉积过程的现代观测的缺乏、大洋风尘组分含量及通量定量化中的误区、西太平洋风尘沉积长期演变特征、机制及风尘长期输入对大洋生产力及全球碳循环的影响方面的研究亟待加强。 相似文献
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石英示踪物源研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了石英的性质和它作为有效指示剂来示踪物源的理论基础,进而详细介绍了使用扫描电镜、质谱、电子自旋共振和阴极发光等仪器对石英矿物的表面微结构、氧同位素比值、形成年龄和阴极发光颜色等特征进行研究来追踪物源的方法以及这些方法的可行性。还根据近年来研究者应用石英矿物来示踪物源的研究进展提出了今后利用石英研究物源需要注意的4个问题。 相似文献
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海洋沉积粘土矿物与全球变化研究的探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文对我国粘土矿物的科研成果进行了初步综述，概述了海洋沉积粘土矿物在全球变化研究中的作用，探讨了海洋沉积粘土矿物的古环境，古气候指示意义。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献