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1.
Seasonal Variation of Space/Time Statistics of Short-Term Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Kuroshio Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spatial and temporal scales of sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the Kuroshio region have been investigated using a satellite-based one-year merged SST product. Targeting short-term variations with temporal scales of less than a year, decorrelation scales, which are defined as the e-folding scale of SST variability, have been derived as functions of regional positions and calendar months. We assumed that the autocorrelation function of SST has anisotropic Gaussian characteristics in the space-time domain. Resultant spatial and temporal decorrelation scales range from 1 to 3° and 2 to 3 days, respectively. They are strongly inhomogeneous, anisotropic and time-dependent. These characteristics are attributed to the oceanic and atmospheric disturbances. Spatial decorrelation scales are determined mainly by strong atmospheric forcing in the study region. In the area with dominant atmospheric forcing, the spatial scales are larger than those in the other regions. Those in the regions with dynamical oceanographic disturbances are as small as 1°. Signal-to-noise ratios are also large where the atmospheric forcing is strong, while they are small where the oceanic signals are active. 相似文献
2.
Shuichi Tanahashi Hiroshi Kawamura Toshihiko Matsuura Tomoyuki Takahashi Hiroyuki Yusa 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(3):345-358
We have developed an algorithm to estimate the wide-ranging Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data from the GMS-5 (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite) S-VISSR (Stretched-Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer). Better SST estimates are realized by averaging the temporal variation of the VISSR calibration table and decreasing noise of the split-window terms using a spatial filter. The effects of the satellite zenith angle were examined in detail for better estimates, and VISSR-derived SSTs with root-mean-square (rms) error of 0.8 K were achieved using a new algorithm. The accuracy of SST estimates has been improved by using the temporal-spatial average of the split-window terms. Using the new techniques, we demonstrate that the hourly wide-ranging SST image data can be used to study the daily variations of SSTs in the Northern and Southern Pacific Oceans. 相似文献
3.
南海表层水温场的时空特征与长期变化趋势 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文利用月平均表层水温（SST）、850hPa经向风和西太平洋副热带高压等资料分析了南海表层水温距平（SSTA）场的时空特征和长期变化趋势，并探讨了SST的年际和长期变化原因．结果表明，南海SSTA场分别存在着以全域同位相振荡和东南一西北向反位相振荡的两个主要模态．其中，前者是主要模态，以年际振荡为主，而后者则是次要模态，以季节振荡为主．进一步分析发现，南海中部的SST存在着显著的年际和年代际变化，并在1981年前后发生了一次由低到高的气候转变，而且南海中部SST的长期变化趋势非常明显，在1950—2006年间增温0．92℃．相关和合成分析表明，南海SST的年际和长期变化可能是由南海上空的经向风异常和西太平洋副热带高压的纬向变动引起的． 相似文献
4.
以渤海海域为试验区,对经过时间、空间和波段匹配的 MODIS/Aqua 550 nm 气溶胶光学厚度产品与 CALIOP 532 nm 通道反演得到的气溶胶信息在五种不同空间采样窗口(10 km ×10 km,30 km ×30 km,50 km ×50 km,70 km ×70 km 和90 km ×90 km)、三种不同时间尺度(日、月、季度)下进行了相关性拟合分析.研究发现,较小的空间采样窗口可以更准确地反映气溶胶的局部变化特征,而以季度为时间统计单元能更好地体现气溶胶的季节变化特性.实验结果表明,在10 km ×10 km 采样窗口中,春季的日数据之间相关性较高;春季和秋季的月均值之间高度相关(R 均大于0.950).从而证明,在特定时间和空间尺度下,上述两种数据之间确存在良好的相关性,为利用遥感数据反演渤海海域气溶胶光学厚度信息提供了新的途径. 相似文献
5.
中国近海大气气溶胶的时间和地理分布特征 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
通过对中国近海10个航次气溶胶观测资料的统计分析得出:(1)从黄海、东海至日本以南海域气溶胶中地壳元素年平均浓度明显减小,在春季尘暴多发期间地壳元素浓度离到岸距离接指数规律递减.污染元素气溶胶浓度分布与陆源排放量和离岸距离有一定关系.(2)海上陆源气溶胶浓度的季节分布为:春季最大,秋冬次之,夏季最小.受日本排放源的影响,日本以南海域污染元素浓度最大值出现在冬季.(3)Se元素浓度与海洋源密切相关.海盐元素从黄海、东海至日本以南海域浓度逐渐增加,主要受周围海况影响,与风速呈现一定程度的正相关.影响近海气溶胶浓度的主要因素有陆源气溶胶排放量、降水分布和大尺度天气形势. 相似文献
6.
Sea surface temperature variations in the southwestern South China Sea over the past 160 ka 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the southwestern South China Sea have been reconstructed for the past 160 ka using the Uk37 paleothermometer from the core MD01-2392. The temperature differences between glacial times (MISs 6 and 2) and interglacial times (MISs 5.5 and 1) are 2.2~2.5 ℃. Younger Dryas event during the last deglaciation was documented in both the planktonic foraminiferal δ18O and SST records. After MIS 5.5, SSTs displayed a progressive cooling from 28.6 to 24.5 ℃, culminating at the LGM. During this gradual cooling period, warm events such as MISs 5.3, 5.1 and 3 were also clearly documented. By comparison of SST between the study core and Core 17954, a pattern of low or no meridional SST gradients during the interglacial periods and high meridional SST gradients during the glacial periods was exhibited. This pattern indicates the much stronger East Asian winter monsoon at the glacial than at the interglacial periods. Spectral analysis gives two prominent cycles: 41 and 23 ka, with the former more pronounced, suggesting that SSTs in the southern SCS varied in concert with high-latitude processes through the connection of East Asian winter monsoon. 相似文献
7.
In this study, we used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and surface
air temperature (SAT) data during 1982–1994 and the National Center for Atmospheric Research surface wind stress curl data
during 1982–1989 to investigate the Japan Sea SST temporal and spatial variabilities and their relations to atmospheric forcing.
First, we found an asymmetry in the correlation coefficients between SST and wind stress curl, which implies that the SST
variability at the scales of the order of one month is largely due to atmospheric forcing. Second, we performed three analyses
on the data fields: annual mean, composite analysis to obtain the monthly anomaly relative to the annual mean, and empirical
orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the residue data relative to the summation of the annual mean and the monthly anomaly.
The first EOF mode of SST accounts for 59.9% of the variance and represents the Subpolar Front. The temporal variation of
the first EOF mode implies that the deep Japan Sea could be cooler in cold seasons (November–April) of 1984–1987. Third, we
computed cross-correlation coefficients among various principal components and found that the atmospheric warming/cooling
is the key factor causing intra-seasonal and interannual SST variabilities. 相似文献
8.
Spatial scales of mesoscale eddies from GOCI Chlorophyll-a concentration images in the East/Japan Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The spatial scales of mesoscale eddies are of importance to understand physio-biogeochemical processes in the East/Japan Sea. Chlorophyll-a concentration images from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) revealed numerous eddies during the phytoplankton bloom in spring. These eddies were manually digitized to obtain geolocation information at the peripheries from GOCI images and then least-square fitted to each ellipse. The elliptic elements were the geolocation position of the eddy center, the rotation angle from due east, the eccentricity, the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes, and the mean radius of the ellipse. The spatial scales of eddies had a mean radii ranging from 10 km to 75 km and tended to be smaller in the northern region. The scales revealed a linear trend of about ?7.26 km/°N as a function of the latitude. This tendency depended on the latitudinal variation of the internal Rossby radius of deformation, which originates from the substantial difference in the density structure of the water column. The scales from the sea surface temperature image were larger by 1.30 times compared to those from ocean color image. This implies that physical processes along the periphery of the eddy affect the nutrient dynamics. 相似文献
9.
In the present article, we introduce a high resolution sea surface temperature(SST) product generated daily by Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST). The SST product is comprised of four sets of data including eight-hour and daily average SST data of 1 km resolution, and is based on the four infrared(IR) satellite SST data acquired by advanced very high resolution radiometer(AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), Multifunctional Transport Satellites-2(MTSAT-2) Imager and Meteorological Imager(MI), two microwave radiometer SSTs acquired by Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2(AMSR2), and Wind SAT with in-situ temperature data. These input satellite and in-situ SST data are merged by using the optimal interpolation(OI) algorithm. The root-mean-square-errors(RMSEs) of satellite and in-situ data are used as a weighting value in the OI algorithm. As a pilot product, four SST data sets were generated daily from January to December 2013. In the comparison between the SSTs measured by moored buoys and the daily mean KIOST SSTs, the estimated RMSE was 0.71°C and the bias value was –0.08°C. The largest RMSE and bias were 0.86 and –0.26°C respectively, observed at a buoy site in the boundary region of warm and cold waters with increased physical variability in the Sea of Japan/East Sea. Other site near the coasts shows a lower RMSE value of 0.60°C than those at the open waters. To investigate the spatial distributions of SST, the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature(GHRSST) product was used in the comparison of temperature gradients, and it was shown that the KIOST SST product represents well the water mass structures around the Korean Peninsula. The KIOST SST product generated from both satellite and buoy data is expected to make substantial contribution to the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) as an input parameter for data assimilation. 相似文献
10.
Chunli Liu Qiwei Sun Qianguo Xing Zhenlin Liang Yue Deng Lixin Zhu 《Ocean Science Journal》2017,52(1):1-10
The spatio-temporal variabilities in sea surface temperature (SST) were analyzed using a time series of MODIS datasets for four separate regions in the Yellow Sea (YS) that were located along a north-south axis. The space variant temporal anomaly was further decomposed using an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) for estimating spatially distributed SST. The monthly SSTs showed similar temporal patterns in each region, which ranged from 2.4°C to 28.4°C in the study years 2011 to 2013, with seasonal cycles being stronger at the higher latitudes and weaker at the lower latitudes. Spatially, although there were no significant differences among the four regions (p < 0.05) in any year, the geographical distribution of SST was characterized by an obvious gradient whereby SST decreased along the north-south axis. The monthly thermal difference among regions was largest in winter since the SST in the southeast was mainly affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Currents. The EOF1 mode accounted for 56% of the total spatial variance and exhibited a warming signal during the study period. The EOF2 mode accounted for 8% of the total variance and indicated the warm current features in the YS. The EOF3 mode accounted for 6% of the total variance and indicated the topographical features. The methodology used in this study demonstrated the spatio-temporal variabilities in the YS. 相似文献
11.
海温是海洋环境影响因子之一,对于海洋生态环境、海水养殖业等尤为重要。本文以Argo数据提取的南海海洋温度场数据为例,结合GIS(GeographicInformationSystem)技术,研究南海海温点过程、面过程可视化表达的方法。利用GIS作为可视化框架提供南海海温场的可视化显示,包括放大、缩小和拖动等基本功能,绘制多种形式的数值图像并进行空间分析,包括海温数据曲线绘制、海温值查询、空间插值、等值线等。基于Argo数据可视化表达的结果,从南海海温年变化、随纬度的变化、垂向变化、季节分布特征四方面对南海的海温时空特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)南海海表温度高温的持续时间比较长,升温过程比降温过程相对要短一些;(2)随着纬度的降低,温度整体升高,温度的年变化幅度越来越小。夏秋两季随着纬度的变化,温度变化不大,春冬两季的温度变化较大;(3)在0~30 m温度变化很小,在深度为30m处温度开始逐渐下降,到达500m以下,海温一年四季都比较接近;(4)冬季海温总体最低,夏季海温总体最高。冬季和秋季,在南海西南方向等值线呈现西北—东南向,等值线比较密集。海温的时空变化研究可以对海洋温跃层、海洋温度锋,海水不同层次的结构的研究提供一定参考。 相似文献
12.
东亚冬季气温的年际变化特征及其与海温和海冰异常的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过谐波分析的方法,对东亚31个冬季(1980—2010年)的气温提取年际变化分量(周期小于8a部分)进行EOF分析。结果发现:在年际变化的时间尺度上,东亚冬季气温表现为高纬模态和低纬模态2个主要模态,它们一起可以解释总方差73%的变化。进一步分析表明,在年际变化尺度上,与气温变化的高纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为显著的北极涛动(AO)负位相分布,海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压北移,对流层中层东亚大槽西移,高层西风急流向西北方向移动;副热带北太平洋和阿拉斯加湾的海表面温度(SST)变化呈偶极子振荡分布,这种准两年的周期振荡对这一模态的出现有一定的预示意义。而与气温变化的低纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为类AO正位相分布,与之相关的西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压南移,对流层中层东亚大槽东移,高层的西风急流则是向东南方向移动;赤道东太平洋的SST异常可能对这一模态的形成有一定的作用,而东亚近海的SST则更多是被动地改变。此外,海冰异常变化与东亚冬季气温变化的联系主要体现在:在前夏和前秋,东西伯利亚海-波弗特海海冰异常减少(增加)对应着随后东亚冬季气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态),而冬季东亚气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态)又与后期春季北极东半球的海冰异常增加(减少)具有较好的相关性,此外白令海和鄂霍次克海的海冰异常变化是伴随东亚冬季气温变化产生的。 相似文献
13.
将渤、黄、东海海表面温度作为一个整体场,研究其年际变化特征,并进一步探讨其与东亚季风场年际变化特征的关系.利用美国NOAA极轨卫星中的高级甚高分辨率辐射计(AVHRR)反演的海表面温度资料,采用EOF方法分冬夏两季对渤、黄、东海SST的年际变化做了初步分析,发现渤、黄、东海SST存在显著的年际变化周期,冬季存在5 a的显著变化周期,夏季存在4 a的显著变化周期,并研究了东亚季风场的年际变化对SST变化产生的影响.发现冬季日Nin0年东亚寒潮活动弱于La Nina年,El Nino年SST较La Nina年偏高;夏季El Nino.年东亚夏季风活动弱于La Nina年,El Nino年SST较La Nina年偏低,但是趋势不如冬季明显. 相似文献
14.
东海海域春季温度场空间结构特征分析——三维地统计学方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在海洋温度场三维空间结构特征研究上,常规的研究方法往往忽视了温度场在空间上的相关性、非周期性和不规则性,而地统计学能够有效地研究自然现象的空间结构特征。本文采用三维地统计学方法研究了东海海域春季温度场的三维空间结构特征,采用三维变异函数定量描述了东海海域春季温度场的连续性和方向性特征。研究的结果表明:东海海域春季温度场在整个研究区内具有明显的漂移;但在变程内具有显著的空间结构性特点,其各个方向上变异函数的理论模型均为具有块金效应的高斯模型。在水平和垂直方向上温度场的空间变异尺度分别为km级和m级,而温度场在水平各个方向上也表现为各项异性,其中NW-SE向的相关性最好,NE-WS向相关性最弱。 相似文献
15.
厄尔尼诺和台风共同影响下的7月份黄、东海海温变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于历史海温数据和台风路径数据,研究了厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜（El Niño/La Niña）背景下7月份中国近海海温变化特征。结果表明:7月黄、东海海温异常与El Niño/La Niña有显著相关关系,OISST和GODAS海温数据与Niño3指数同步相关系数分别为-0.32和-0.45。El Niño年7月,黄、东海海表温度异常低于-0.5℃的概率超过60%;La Niña年7月,黄海海温异常高于0.5℃的概率约有60%;正常年7月,海温异常的空间分布与El Niño年相反,但量值偏低。El Niño年7月,中国近海及邻近区域大气异常能够给局地带来更多降水;同时,受El Niño背景场的影响,入侵黄、东海的台风强度更强、影响时间更长。大尺度的降水和台风活动的影响是导致黄、东海海温异常降低的重要原因。因此,分析和预测7月份中国近海海温异常,在充分考虑El Niño/La Niña背景场的基础上,需要结合局地的大尺度降水和台风的影响同时分析,这为特定背景下结合不同时间尺度上的因素共同分析中国近海海温变化提供了一种思路。 相似文献
16.
黄、东海陆架海域温度垂直结构类型划分与温跃层分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于黄、东海陆架海域1997—1999年4个季节调查的CTD资料,采用拟阶梯函数逼近法对温度垂直剖面拟合逼近,然后按拟合均方差和跃层强度对黄、东海陆架区的温度垂直结构进行类型划分,共划分为6个类型:三层结构型(T型)、主跃层上位型(U型)、主跃层下位型(L型)、多阶梯状结构型(M型)、异常结构型(A型)和垂直均匀型(H型)。分析结果表明:温度垂直结构类型在黄海区域为:春季呈L型;夏季呈U型;秋季呈T型;冬季呈H型。东海北部春季基本呈T型;夏季西部呈T型,东部呈U型;秋、冬季演变为H型;东海南部春、夏季主要呈L型;秋、冬季除近岸出现逆温类型外,大部分区域呈H型。利用风和潮的混合卷挟模式阐述了各种温度垂直结构的形成机制,最后给出了黄、东海陆架海域的主温跃层特征值的区域分布和季节变化。 相似文献
17.
渤、黄、东海海流和潮汐共同作用下的悬浮物输运、沉积及其季节变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
渤、黄、东海是一个水动力状况相当复杂的半封闭宽陆架海，本海区悬浮颗粒物含量高，季节变化明显，影响范围广，是世界上悬浮物含量最高的海域之一。对于该海域悬浮物的输运沉积过程、分布规律以及底质分布等中外学者均进行过比较深入的研究(秦蕴珊，1963； Honjo et al.，1974；Milliman et al.，1985，1986；秦蕴珊等，1987，1989；杨作升等，1992；Li et al.，1997；孙效功等，2000；雷坤等，2001)。然而，以往的研究大都基于实际海洋调查资料，由于受实测资料在时间和空间覆盖范围上的限制，很难从整体上把握渤、黄、东海陆架区悬浮物输运的时间和空间变化规律。数值模拟的方法能很好地克服上述局限，已有学者从不同角度对渤、黄、东海的某些海域的悬浮物进行了模拟研究。
董礼先等(1989)首先模拟了在二维潮流场作用下，黄、渤海推移质和悬移质的输运状况，得出潮流作用下海底的冲淤状况。Graber等(1989)利用有限水深的风浪模型、模拟了风浪对悬浮物输运、沉积的作用。Yanagi等(1995)用拉格朗日粒子追踪方法对整个东中国海冬季悬浮物的输运、沉积过程进行了计算。江文胜等(2000，2001)考虑了风等气象要素、外海传入的潮波的作用、悬浮物的沉降及再悬浮机制，对渤海中悬浮物的浓度进行了数值模拟。
海洋环流、潮汐、潮流和波浪均对悬浮物的输运与沉积产生影响，尤其在中陆架和外陆架地区，环流对悬浮物的长期输运起决定性作用，因此以往仅针对潮流、风浪作用的模拟很不完整，其结果与实际情况的差别也会较大。其次，海水的流动处在不断变化之中，小到日变化、月变化，大到季节变化、年际变化，因此定常风场、定常温盐场的环流模拟，即诊断流场并不符合实际情形。本文将首先对渤、黄、东海月平均风场、温盐场作用下的环流场进行模拟，进而探讨环流以及潮汐、潮流共同作用下的悬浮物输运过程及其季节变化规律。 相似文献
18.
Eun Jin Kim Sok Kuh Kang Sung-Tae Jang Jae Hak Lee Young Ho Kim Hyoun-Woo Kang Yeong Yeon Kwon Young Ho Seung 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(3):159-170
Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) is validated based on in-situ data from the East China Sea (ECS) and western North Pacific where most typhoons, which make landfall on the Korean peninsula, are formed and pass. While forecasting typhoons in terms of intensity and track, coupled ocean-typhoon models are significantly influenced by initial ocean condition. Potentially, satellite-derived SST is a very useful dataset to obtain initial ocean field because of its wide spatial coverage and high temporal resolution. In this study, satellite-derived SST from various sources such as Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) and New Generation Sea Surface Temperature for Open Ocean (NGSST-O) datasets from merged SSTs were compared with in-situ observation data using an indirect method which is using near surface temperature for validation of satellite derived SST. In-situ observation data included shipboard measurements such as Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT), and Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD), and Argo buoy data. This study shows that in-situ data can be used for microwave derived SST validation because homogeneous features of seawater prevail at water depths of 2 m to 10 m under favorable wind conditions during the summer season in the East China Sea. As a result of validation, root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) are shown to be 0.55 °C between microwave SST and XBT/CTD data mostly under weak wind conditions, and 0.7 °C between XBT/CTD measurement and NGSST-O data. Microwave SST RMSE of 0.55 °C is a potentially valuable data source for general application. Change of SST before and after typhoon passing may imply strength of ocean mixing due to upwelling and turbulent mixing driven by the typhoon. Based on SST change, ocean mixing, driven by Typhoon Nari, was examined. Satellite-derived SST reveals a significant SST drop around the track immediately following the passing of Typhoon Nari in October, 2007. 相似文献
19.
本文利用美国NCEP/NCAR逐月的再分析资料、HadISST海温、中国160台站气温和反映渤海冰情轻重的渤海冰情等级资料,研究了前秋巴伦支海海温异常对后期渤海冰情和东亚冬季风的影响,并对相关的物理过程进行分析。结果表明,前秋巴伦支海关键区海温与该区域海冰密集度呈显著的负相关,且具有较好的持续性,通过调节随后冬季向大气释放的热通量,引起后期环流变化。偏高(偏低)年冬季亚洲纬向环流偏弱(偏强),东亚大槽加深(减弱),东亚冬季风加强(减弱),我国东北、华北及西北地区地区显著偏冷(偏暖),这与冬季渤海海冰异常的强度和范围都偏大(小)及与之相联系的环流异常相一致。进一步的分析揭示了联系上游关键区海温变化与后期东亚地区气候异常的重要途径,前秋巴伦支海海温偏高会导致200 hPa高度场形成一个自西向东的波列形式,在东亚局地Hadley环流异常的作用下,加强了我国北方地区地表的北风异常。因此,前秋巴伦支海海温异常可以作为冬季渤海冰情的预报因子。 相似文献
20.
Monthly wavenumber spectra of sea surface temperatures (SST) have been estimated in two regions near the Kuroshio, in the
recirculation and the Kuroshio Extension regions, using the merged SST product to determine the statistical parameter (spatial
decorrelation scale) required for optimal interpolation of a high-resolution SST dataset. The two-dimensional wavelet transform
was used for analysis. Estimates were made of daily mean and daily minimum SSTs. These do not significantly differ, which
suggests that the same covariance matrix can be used for the daily mean and minimum in the merging procedure. The seasonality
of wavenumber spectra is significant. There are also large differences between those in the recirculation region and in the
Kuroshio Extension region. Therefore, it is recommended that the covariance matrix in the merging process for high-resolution
SST dataset be defined as a function of time and space. Improvements of the merging methodology are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献